
	Where results make sense

Topic: Mineral structures

Related Topics

Crystal structure

Mineral

List of fictional minerals

Fluorite

Galena

Niccolite

Mineralogy

Diamond

Dead

Radical (chemistry)

Sodium chloride

Gemstone

Inorganic chemistry

Chemistry

Periodic table

	Mineral - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Minerals range in composition from pure elements and simple salts to very complex silicates with thousands of known forms (organic compounds are usually excluded).
		A crystal structure is the orderly geometric spatial arrangement of atoms in the internal structure of a mineral.
		The largest group of minerals by far are the silicates, which are composed largely of silicon and oxygen, with the addition of ions such as aluminium, magnesium, iron, and calcium.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mineral (1395 words)

	Mineral: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Mineral
		A mineral is a chemical compound with a given composition and a defined atomic structure.
		The largest group of minerals by far are the silicates, which are composed largely of silicon and oxygen, with the addition of ions such as magnesium, iron and calcium.
		The halides are the group of minerals forming the natural salts and include fluoride, common salt (known as halite[?]) and sal ammoniac[?] (ammonium chloride).
	www.encyclopedian.com /mi/Mineral.html (921 words)

	Mineral - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A crystal structure refers to the orderly geometric spatial arrangement of atoms in the internal structure of a mineral.
		A mineral is a chemical compound with a given composition and a defined crystal structure, while a rock is a mixture of one or several minerals in varying proportions.
		Specific gravity relates the mineral weight to the weight of an equal volume of water, namely the density of the material.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Mineral (1290 words)

	Mineral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Minerals range in composition from pure elementss and simple salts to very complex silicates with thousands of known forms (organic compounds are usually excluded).
		They commonly occur as precipitates close to the Earth's surface, oxidation products of other minerals in the near surface weathering zone, and as accesory minerals in igneous rocks of the crust and mantle.
		Some of these are scientific minerals such as salt; others are elements, such as potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, copper.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Mineral (1633 words)

	Reef Restoration Using Seawater Electrolysis in Jamaica
		The mineral accretion, largely aragonite (CaCO3) 3nd brucite (Mg(OH)2), is very similar in chemistry and physical properties to reef limestone (Hilbertz 1992), which are primarily the remains of the aragonite skeletons of corals and green calcareous algae.
		Structures on limestone hard ground become solidly cemented onto it, while those on sand and mud remain loosely attached and are vulnerable to being toppled in severe storms.
		Mineral accretion structures whose power is turned off have subsequently had their calcareous algae and corals overgrown by fleshy algae.
	globalcoral.org /reef_restoration_using_seawater.htm (3058 words)

	MSN Encarta - Metamorphic Rock
		The extreme foliation in gneiss is mainly due to the separation of different minerals that occurs at high pressure and temperature.
		The mineral structure of metamorphic rocks depends both on the type of parent rock and on the amount of heat and pressure present when the rocks formed.
		Each facies group is defined by a specific mineral assemblage in a known example that is constant over a given range of temperature and pressure.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761578403_2/Metamorphic_Rock.html (752 words)

	Minerals
		Minerals that have the same composition but different crystal structures are called polymorphs (from "poly" meaning many and "morph" meaning form).
		Approximately 5000 different minerals known to exist, but there are only about 15 to 20 that are common rock-forming minerals.Minerals can be subdivided into eight groups on the basis of the anion or anionic complex involved in the mineral atomic structures.
		Many mineral properties (e.g., cleavage) may be seen best when a wafer-thin slice of the mineral (or rock) mounted on a glass slide (a thin section) is viewed under a microscope.
	www.geo.ua.edu /intro03/Min.html (839 words)

	Smithsonian Institution - Department of Mineral Sciences - Staff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mineral groups such as clays, manganese oxides and iron oxides tend to accumulate in soils and sediments and on rock surfaces where they interact directly with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
		Many of these minerals are chemically active, readily participating in oxidation-reduction reactions, serving as cation-exchange agents, and absorbing a variety of heavy metal cations, and many form as a result of biological mediation.
		One result of our studies has been the discovery of a manganese oxide mineral having a new structure type with huge tunnels; it is being investigated as a prototype for a new class of catalysts and molecular sieves.
	www.minerals.si.edu /research/summary/post.htm (1370 words)

	Mineral Classificatioin by Gail Dunning
		When known, a short description of the mineral structure is given, allowing a glance at the atomic arrangement and the fundamental framework of each mineral or series of minerals.
		Hawthorne, F. (1984) The crystal structure of stenonite and the classification of the aluminofluoride minerals.
		The structure of rossite consists of oxygen atoms which are coordinated with V in the form of distorted rigonal bipyramids, and oxygen atoms and water molecules are coordinated with Ca in the form of distorted square antiprisms.
	www.baymin.org /Pubs/Classification.html (1226 words)

	Environmental Health Perspectives 105, Supplement 5, September 1997: Article by Guthrie
		As demonstrated by their use of mineral species names to describe their materials, King and co-workers must have recognized that the structure and composition of a material (the two characteristics that define a mineral species*) are critical to determining the way in whi ch a material interacts with its environment.
		Both the structure and composition are needed to define a mineral species because neither alone is sufficient to describe the properties of a material; this is well illustrated by the minerals quartz, stishovite, and rutile.
		Although mineral species is one of the most critical characteristics to be determined for a sample used in a toxicity, there are cases for which the use of a mineral species name (which defines the ideal composition and bulk structure) is insufficient information for describing a sample.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1997/Suppl-5/guthrie-full.html (6701 words)

	Examining crystal structures (from mineral) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can ...
		The external morphology of a mineral is an expression of the fundamental internal architecture of a crystalline substance—i.e., its crystal structure.
		The crystal structure is the three-dimensional, regular (or ordered) arrangement of chemical units (atoms, ions, and anionic groups in inorganic materials; molecules in organic substances); these chemical units (referred to here as motifs) are repeated by various translational and symmetry operations (see below).
		The internal structure of crystalline materials, however, is revealed by a combination of X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction techniques, supplemented by a variety of spectroscopic methods, including infrared, optical, Mössbauer, and resonance techniques.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-80360?tocId=80360 (927 words)

	Illustrating crystal structures (from mineral) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The term mineral is also applied to certain organic substances, such as coal, graphite, oil, and natural...
		Most of the sulfides are simple structurally, exhibit high symmetry in their crystal forms, and have many of the properties of metals, including metallic lustre and electrical conductivity.
		Minerals are essential to the life of plants and animals.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-80362?tocId=80362 (813 words)

	Research Overview
		My long-term research goal is an understanding of the relationship between the paragenesis of low-temperature minerals and their crystal structures, with applications to problems of environmental importance.
		Crystal structures of minerals in complex geochemical environments should be related to the occurrences and distribution of the minerals.
		It is only recently that the extraordinarily complex nature of uranyl mineral structures has become apparent, with my discoveries of topologies with repeats in excess of 50 Å, and pentavalent uranium in mineral structures.
	www.nd.edu /~pburns/research.htm (688 words)

	Mineral Cleavage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Look at the mineral samples you have been given and determine if there are patterns in how the minerals break.
		A mineral's ability to resist breakage depends on the strength of chemical bonds between the atoms in its crystal structure.
		Some minerals do not exhibit cleavage at all, because there is little difference in bond strength from one direction to another in their crystal structures.
	www2.oes.edu /us/hemphilr/molecules/MineralCleavage/Cleavage_Mike.htm (814 words)

	Selected Recent Publications
		The paragenetic sequences of minerals in such complex environments should be related to the crystal structures of the minerals.
		This is one area where the discipline of structural mineralogy has much to offer the Earth Sciences: an understanding of the relationship between the paragenetic sequences of minerals and their corresponding crystal structures may be realized, and is the key to understanding such complex mineral occurrences.
		The Mineralogy group is researching the relationships between mineral structures, thermodynamic stabilities, and paragenetic sequences for a broad spectrum of low-temperature minerals, with specific emphasis on borate, copper oxysalt, uranyl, tellurate, selenate and mercury minerals.
	www.nd.edu /~pburns/rsrch2.html (1042 words)

	Mineral Bath -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The basis of the system is the division of minerals into classes according to similarities in chemical composition.
		As minerals, they are called by the name of the element.
		Other classes are carbonates, phosphates, nitrates, borates, arsenates, and sulfates And finally silicates (the larger and most diverse class), in which silicon and oxygen form a structural unit than can bond to other elements.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/98/mineral-bath.html (845 words)

	MICRO- AND MESOPOROUS MINERAL PHASES - Meeting 6-7 December 2004 - Rome / IUCr-CIMS
		Even exclusive of zeolites, the number of known mineral phases whose structure is characterized by the presence of micro (3 - 20 Å) and meso (> 20 Å) pores is rapidly increasing.
		The same types of porous structures are active in nature and can favour solid-state transformations of primary minerals into secondary ones.
		The meeting aims to present an overview of the status of knowledge in the field of micro- and mesoporous mineral phases, with main focus on their structural and crystal chemical aspects, but including also their natural occurrence, possible synthesis, chemical-physical characterization, structure-properties relationships, and uses.
	www.lcm3b.uhp-nancy.fr /cims/micromesoporous.htm (760 words)

	IUCr - CIMS : Commission on Inorganic and Mineral Structures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To strengthen links and interactions among mineral, inorganic and materials scientists and between these scientists and the crystallographic community.
		To present at the same meetings common aspects of the inorganic structures independently from their natural or synthetic origin.
		To favour the historical influence that mineral structures have played on developing inorganic materials of technological interest.
	mirrors.rcsb.org /IUCr/iucr-top/comm/cims (215 words)

	Mineral Structures
		I am in the process of assembing a Mineral Structures Data Base.
		I am hoping to compile crystallographic and physical property data for most of the rock-forming minerals.
		The rationale in selecting mineral groups for inclusion in this data base is abundance, although rarer minerals that are isotructural with abundant species are commonly included for comparison of structural variation.
	ruby.colorado.edu /~smyth/min/minerals.html (153 words)

	Bob's Rock Shop: Crystallography and Mineral Crystal Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mike has been a mineral collector for over 30 years, the last 22 of which he has been employeed by the Arkansas Geological Commission as a geologist.
		Intrigued by crystal forms and how they relate to minerals and the stories they tell about mineral formation, he is most interested in crystallized specimens, particularly from Arkansas.
		A former employee of both the medical profession and state government, she is now a freelance work-at-home mom who designs and produces the Geology Collector's Series T Shirts under the Friend of the World (tm) tag line and philosophy.
	www.rockhounds.com /rockshop/xtal (249 words)

	Crystal structures, mineral structures: ATOMS- software for crystal structures display (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Displays crystal structures, mineral structures, molecule structures, and other atomic structure types for publications, presentations, or teaching.
		After generation of all atoms, it is possible to move or otherwise modify individual atoms.
		Molecules can be isolated in crystal structures and multiple structure fragments can be rotated and translated independently.
	www.rockware.com /catalog/pages/atoms.html (626 words)

	Smithsonian Institution - Department of Mineral Sciences - Staff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I use spectroscopy (the study of materials using electromagnetic energy, or light) to investigate the geological environment, formation, transformation, and structure of minerals.
		Manganese oxide minerals are important in low-temperature surface environments and in industrial and technological applications.
		I investigate the hydrogen concentrations in nominally anhydrous minerals in the Earth's crust, in order to understand the relationship between H concentration in nominally anhydrous minerals and variables in the geological environment (water fugacity, oxygen fugacity, degree of low-temperature alteration, and hydrothermal history).
	nmnhgoph.si.edu /minsci/research/summary/johnson.htm (905 words)

	Activities of the IUCr - CIMS: Commission on Inorganic and Mineral Structures
		MS79 - Inorganic and mineral structures solved and refined by powder diffraction data - Chair J. Rius and E. Antipov
		The Conference was timed for the 300th anniversary of the city of St. Petersburg and for the 150-th anniversary of the birthday of E.S. Fedorov, the founder of a modern theory of crystal symmetry.
		Crystal Chemistry and Systematics of Minerals and Inorganic Compounds
	www.lcm3b.uhp-nancy.fr /cims/activity.htm (480 words)

	Using XtalDraw to Save Crystal Structures as "Unknowns"
		It is fairly easy to use XtalDraw to remove mineral names and other identifying metadata from crystal structure files.
		Note: Removal of name + reference metadata from structure files compatible with XtalDraw is most easily done for individual AMC files downloaded from the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database.
		The mineral structures included in the XtalDraw folder include much longer composite files containing multiple structural determinations published by different authors.
	serc.carleton.edu /research_education/crystallography/Modify-xtal.html (227 words)

	Seament Research - Patent Summaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		electroaccretion of structures in fluid electrolytes such as sea water.
		Summary: This is a patent on the use of Hilbertz' mineral
		electroaccreted minerals was formed on the upper surface of the soil
	www.stanford.edu /~erlee/seament/Sm_pat.htm (2407 words)

	Polysomatic Series
		Up until now we have thought about mineral structures as being constructed by arrangement of polyhedral units (e.g., tetrahedra, octahedra, and larger coordination environments).
		Polysomes or polysomatic series are series of crystal structures that can be constructed by combining two or more slabs that may be different chemically and structurally.
		The view of amphiboles and multiple chain silicates as structures derivative of pyroxene and mica provides a clear model for how reactions such as pyroxene to amphibole, amphibole to sheet silicate, and pyroxene or amphibole to triple chain silicate reaction mechanisms could occur and why these structures intergrow so readily.
	www.geology.wisc.edu /~pbrown/g360/polysomes.html (537 words)

	American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
		This site is an interface to a crystal structure database that includes every structure published in the American Mineralogist, The Canadian Mineralogist, European Journal of Mineralogy and Physics and Chemistry of Minerals.
		Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
		Should the use of the database require a citation, then please use: Downs, R.T. and Hall-Wallace, M. (2003) The American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database.
	rruff.geo.arizona.edu /AMS/amcsd.php (151 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)