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Topic: Ming Dynasty Tombs

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	Ming Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The rebellion succeeded and the Míng Dynasty was established in Nanjing in 1368.
		According to Ming Shih Gao, the political intention of the founder of the Míng Dynasty in establishing the Wei-so system was to maintain a strong army while avoiding bonds between commanding officers and soldiers.
		The fall of the Míng Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu under Nurhaci.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ming_Dynasty (4187 words)

	Ancient Chinese Archaeology and Artifacts
		The Dingling Tomb is the tomb of Emperor Wanli (reigned 1573-1619), the 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty, whose personal name was Zhu Yijun, and of his two empresses, Xiao Duan and Xiao Jing.
		The tomb was completed in six years (1584-1590), it occupies a total area of 1,195 square meters at the foot of Dayu Mountain southwest of the Changling Tomb.
		Changling is the tomb of emperor Yongle (reigned 1403-1424), the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty whose personal name was Zhu Di, and of his empress.
	www.crystalinks.com /chinartifacts.html (1717 words)

	Ming Dynasty Tombs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tombs of the first two Ming Emperors are located near Nanjing (the capital city during their reigns).
		The entire tomb site is surrounded by a wall, and a seven kilometer road named the "Spirit Way" leads into the complex which is one of the finest preserved pieces of 15th century Chinese art and architecture.
		Dingling tomb (One of the 13 Ming dynasty Tombs).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ming_Dynasty_Tombs (513 words)

	Articles - Ming Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The rebellion succeeded and the Ming Dynasty was established in Nanjing in 1368.
		The fall of the Ming Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu under Nurhaci.
		The end of 1637 saw the defeat and conquest of Ming´s traditional ally Korea by a 100,000 strong Manchu army, and the Korean renunciation of the Ming Dynasty.
	www.ranau.net /articles/Ming_Dynasty (4065 words)

	Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
		The Dong Tombs of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the first imperial tombs established by the Manchu rulers, are located 125 km east of Beijing in Zunhua County, Hebei, and occupy an area of 2,500 square km.
		Xiaoling Tomb, located on the southern slope of Purple Mountain in eastern suburban Nanjing, capital city of Jiangsu Province, buried the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Zhu Yuanzhang, and his empress.
		The tombs for imperial concubines and eunuchs inside the mausoleum area were reclaimed as farmland during the later years of the Qing Dynasty, but the underground coffin chambers have remained intact.
	www.china.org.cn /english/kuaixun/75232.htm (1739 words)

	ipedia.com: Ming Dynasty Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Ming Dynasty (Chinese: 明朝, pinyin: mīng cháo) (1368-1644) followed the Yuan Dynasty and preceded the Qing Dynasty in China.
		This dynasty started out as a time of renewed cultural blossom: arts, especially the porcelain industry, reached an unprecedented height; Chinese merchants explored all of the Indian Ocean, reaching Africa with the voyages of Zheng He.
		Zhu, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was one of the only two dynastic founders who emerged from the peasant class.
	www.ipedia.com /ming_dynasty.html (3204 words)

	Ming Tomb & Jade Factory
		By contrast, during the Ming Dynasty established by Han Chinese coming from an agricultural society in central China, people believed the existence of an after-world, where the dead "lived" a life similar to that of the living.
		Dingling is the tomb of WanLi (AKA Zhu YiJun), 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty from 1573 to 1619 and of his two empresses, Xiao Duan and Xiao Jing.
		ChangLing is the tomb of emperor YongLe (AKA Zhu Di), who reigned 1403-1424, third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and of his empress.
	www.ccefoundation.org /publication/chinaexperience/china23 (770 words)

	Tombs Renovation to Cost Millions
		The Qingling Tomb, one of the mausoleums comprising Ming's 13 Tombs of emperors, contains the remains of Emperor Zhu Changluo.
		Located in a 40-square-kilometre area surrounded by a cluster of hills north of downtown Beijing, Ming's Thirteen Tombs hold the remains of 13 of the Ming Dynasty's 16 emperors, 23 empresses, many imperial concubines, princes and princesses, and numerous imperial slaves.
		Changling Tomb is the oldest and largest and contains the remains of the third emperor Zhu Di (1360-1424), who moved the capital from Nanjing in East China's Jiangsu Province to Beijing and constructed the Imperial Palace - Forbidden City.
	www.china.org.cn /english/MATERIAL/75263.htm (385 words)

	Ming Tombs: Beijing Travel
		Changling, the chief of the Ming Tombs, is the largest in scale and is completely preserved.
		It is the mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Yijun, the thirteenth emperor who occupied the throne the longest during the Ming Dynasty, and his two empresses.
		The Gate of the Tomb, the Gate of Eminent Favor and the Lingxing Gate all have the same structural form.
	www.beijingtrip.com /attractions/mingtomb.htm (584 words)

	Beijing : Side Trips : Ming Tombs \| Frommers.com
		Of the 16 emperors who ruled China during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), 13 are buried in a box canyon at the southern foot of Tianshou Shan (hence the Chinese name Shisan Ling, the 13 Tombs).
		The location of the second emperor's tomb is uncertain, while the unfilial seventh emperor, who usurped the throne after his brother was taken by the Mongols, was buried near the Summer Palace among the graves of concubines.
		Protected from the bitter northern winds by a mountain range, the tombs are constructed in conventional fashion, with memorial halls at the front and burial chambers to the rear.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/beijing/0201020278.html (955 words)

	Ming dynasty
		The imperial tomb complex, situated 50 km/30 mi northwest of Beijing, is the burial place of 13 of the 16 emperors of the Ming dynasty.
		The Ming dynasty was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang (or Chu Yuan-chang) (1328–1398), a rebel leader who captured the Yuan capital Khanbaligh (modern Beijing) 1368.
		From the late 16th century, the Ming faced the threat of attack from the northeast by Japan, which invaded its tributary Korea 1592.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0038464.html (369 words)

	How was the site of the Ming Tombs Chosen?
		The tombs of the Liao Dynasty (916-1125) are in northeastern China, and those of the Qing emperors (1644-1911) are 125 Km away from Beijing.
		The Tombs of the Jin emperors were destroyed at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
		The Mausoleum area is composed of 13 tombs for the Ming emperors, each of which was built between a hill and a stream.
	www.sinohotelguide.com /aboutbeijing/mingtombs/chosen.html (446 words)

	Beijing travel guide: Ming Tombs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Located in Beijing's suburban Changping County, the place is where 13 emperors of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and their empresses and concubines were buried.
		Some 50 kilometres northwest of the capital, the Ming Tombs are generally combined with a visit to the Great Wall.
		Ding Ling, one of the tombs, has been excavated and is known as a magnificent underground palace, which consists of five connected chambers built with huge stones and covering a combined floor space of 1,195 square meters.
	www.cnhomestay.com /city/beijing/ming_tombs.htm (289 words)

	The Ming Tombs
		In over 200 years tombs were built over an area of 40 square kilometers, which is surrounded by walls totaling 40 kilometers.
		The DingLing Tomb is located in an excavated area with 10 flights of stairs leading down to the tombs.
		It was during our ride to the Tombs that we spotted an really up-to-date method of farmers drying their wheat crop.
	gtti.20m.com /Beijing/MingTombs/the_ming_tombs.html (285 words)

	Ming Dynasty -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		While ming ch'i were buried with the dead in virtually all historical periods, the custom was more popular in some periods than in others—for example, in the Han (206 BC–AD 220), T'ang (618–907), and Ming...
		Essay discussing the causes of the Ming dynasty's demise and the rise of the Ch'ing dynasty in China.
		Essay on the rise of the Ming dynasty and the unification of China under its ruler, Hong Wu, during the 14th century.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9052837 (767 words)

	The Ming Tombs, Beijing, Regent Tour China
		In Changping County, northwest of Beijing, lie the tombs of thirteen Ming Dynasty Emperors who ruled China from 1368 to 1644.
		When a Ming Emperor died all of his concubines were buried alive to serve him in the next world.
		One of the three tombs open to the public is the mausoleum of Ming Dynasty Emperor Wanli.
	www.regenttour.com /chinaplanner/pek/bj-sights-mingtomb.htm (184 words)

	News & Views - Chinese Imperial Tombs, Rivers Listed as World Heritage (7/4/2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The group of mausoleums near Beijing where were buried 13 emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) and therefore called "Ming's Thirteen Tombs" in Chinese, were added to the WHL during the 27th session of the UNESCO's World Heritage Committee.
		The Ming imperial tomb in Nanjing, China's eastern province of Jiangsu, where was buried Zhu Yuanzhang -- first emperor of the Ming dynasty, was also put on to the list.
		The two groups of tombs are seen as showcase of the funeral architecture and culture centuries ago in China.
	www.chinahouston.org /news/2003704070903.html (389 words)

	Ming Tombs
		The Ming Tombs, covering a hilly area of 40 acres, was selected in 1409.
		His father and founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, was buried in Nanjing, and his nephew, the second Ming Emperor, from whom he usurped the throne, escaped and disappeared from official history.
		The stone stele bears the inscriptions of the Ming Dynasty Renzong Emperor (Zhu Gaozhi) and Qing rulers, the Qianlong and the Jiaqing Emperors.
	www.chinapage.com /friend/goh/beijing/mingtomb/mingtombs.html (887 words)

	Ming Dynasty Tombs Shisan Ling Short Tour, by The Beijing report at The China Report
		The original 3 Tombs to visit are : Chang Ling which was the 1st Tomb to be constructed in 1409 AD lying central in the Valley, Ding Ling, Tomb of Shenzhong, to the east and Zhao' Ling.
		The Ming Tombs site was originally chosen by the Third Ming Emperor, Yongle, who moved his Capital City from Nanjing to Beijing in the early beginnings of the 15th century and as a consequence the earliest two Ming Emperors Hong Wu and Chien Fan were buried elsewehere.
		Chun Cheng therefor became the 3rd Ming Emperor not to be enshrined and buried in this Valley, leaving a Total of 13 not 16 Tombs.
	www.drben.net /ChinaReport/Beijing/Landmarks-Hotspots/OutsidetheCity/Shisan_Ling-Ming_Dynasty_Tombs/Shisan_Ling-13_Ming_Dynasty_Tombs-Chang_Ling_Mausoleum-Yongle_Tomb.html (2044 words)

	Chinese Architecture: Ming Tombs, Beijing
		By 1356 their dynasty was in disarray, seething with rebellion from a combination of natural and administrative calamities.
		By 1368 it too had fallen, and the rebel leader declared the founding of a new Chinese dynasty: the Ming, which in Chinese means "bright".
		Although the military might of the Ming was concentrated along the northern frontier, the government was based in the south.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /beijing/MING.htm (631 words)

	Passages of Joy Katzen-Guthrie: China Jewish Heritage Tours/Beijing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the middle of the Tombs lies the Sacred Road, demonstrating the dignity of the emperors.
		The Summer Palace, Yiheyhun, is located in the northwest area of the city, and during the late Qing Dynasty was the summer retreat from the heat of Beijing's for the imperial family and court.
		Ming and Qing Emperors traveled each year from the Forbidden City to the Temple of Heaven on the winter solstice and in the first month of the lunar calendar to worship, offer sacrifices to heaven, and to pray for good harvests.
	www.joyfulnoise.net /JoyChina3.html (2377 words)

	Inside China - UNESCO Recognized World Heritage Sites of China
		The Qing Imperial tombs are natural sites modified by human influence, carefully chosen according to the principles of geomancy (Fengshui) to house numerous buildings of traditional architectural design and decoration.
		The Qing dynasty tombs are divided beween two locations 3 hours east and west of Beijing.
		The Mountain Resort (the Qing dynasty's summer palace), in Hebei Province, was built between 1703 and 1792.
	www.imperialtours.net /heritage.htm (2578 words)

	Ming Tombs- Beijing, China - VirtualTourist.com
		The Tomb we visited is the largest of the 13, although I'm ashamed to admit I don't remember the name of the emporer entombed there.
		During the Ming Dynasty established by Han Chinese coming from an agricultural society in central China, where people believed the existence of an after-world, where the dead "lived" a life similar to that of the living.
		The Ming Tombs, built from 1409-1644 A.D., is where 13 emperors of the Ming Dynasty, along with their empresses and concubines were buried.
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Asia/China/Beijing_Shi/Beijing-1024960/Things_To_Do-Beijing-Ming_Tombs-BR-1.html (1237 words)

	Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine in China
		As a frontier commander, he was aware that a peaceful northern frontier was of great importance to the Ming regime and the unification of the country.
		All his successors followed his example and had their tombs built here, except one who was dethroned and buried in the western suburb.
		The road leading to the tombs is guarded by Tiger Hill on the left and the Dragon Hill on the right.
	www.ontcm.com /beijing/ming_tomb.htm (531 words)

	The Ming Tombs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Description: The Ming Tombs are the burial places of thirteen emperors of the ancient Ming Dynasty of China.
		The tomb of Emperor Wan Li is the second largest tomb, was the first one excavated and opened to the public, and is called the Dingling tomb.
		There were a total of sixteen emperors of the Ming Dynasty, but only thirteen were buried in the same place.
	www.east-buc.k12.ia.us /02_03/FP/bc/bc.htm (307 words)

	Ming Dynasty - China History - China
		The Ming Dynasty (Chinese languageChinese: 明朝; Pinyin: mandiacute;ng ch?o) was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, though claims to the Ming throne (now collectively called the Southern Ming) survived until 1662.
		As a result, the Ming economic system emphasized agriculture, unlike that of the Song Dynasty (960-1279)Sung dynasty, which had preceded the Mongols and relied on traders and merchant for revenues.
		Hongwu was succeeded by Jianwen Emperor of Chinahis son, but the latter was soon usurped by Ming Cheng ZuCheng Zu, who ruled as the Yongle Emperor of ChinaEmperor Yongle from 1403 to 1424 and responsible for moving the capital to Beijing).
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Ming_Dynasty (3434 words)

	Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
		It represents the addition of three Imperial Tombs of the Qing Dynasty in Liaoning to the Ming tombs inscribed in 2000 and 2003.
		The Three Imperial Tombs of the Qing Dynasty in Liaoning Province include the Yongling Tomb, the Fuling Tomb, and the Zhaoling Tomb, all built in the 17th century.
		Constructed for the founding emperors of the Qing Dynasty and their ancestors, the tombs follow the precepts of traditional Chinese geomancy and fengshui theory.
	whc.unesco.org /pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=1004 (450 words)

	Xinhua News Agency: China Builds Park to Protect Ming Dynasty Tombs.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		China is building a park in the Zhongshan Mountain in the city of Nanjing to protect the tombs of a 14th century prince.
		The Zhongshan Mausoleums Administrative Bureau decided to build the park after archaeologists discovered the tomb of Zhu Biao, the elder son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644).
		Zhu Biao's tombs are referred to as the Eastern Tombs of the Ming Dynasty.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:63067021&refid=holomed_1 (180 words)

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