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Topic: Ming dynasty emperors

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List of Emperors of the Ming Dynasty

Zhengtong Emperor

Jianwen Emperor of China

Hongzhi Emperor

Chongzhen Emperor of China

Hongxi Emperor of China

Qing dynasty emperors

Wanli Emperor

Hongwu Emperor

Posthumous name

Wanli Emperor of China

Chenghua Emperor of China

Tianqi Emperor of China

Ming Dynasty

Xuande Emperor of China

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	Ming dynasty
		The rebellion succeeded and the Ming Dynasty was established in Nanjing in 1368.
		Ming Empire with neighboring states, 1433 A.D. This is the only surviving example in the world of a major piece of lacquer furniture from the "Orchard Factory" (the Imperial Laquer Workshop) set up in Beijing during the early Ming Dynasty.
		The fall of the Ming Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu under Nurhaci.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/m/mi/ming_dynasty.html (4233 words)

	Ming Tombs
		His father and founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, was buried in Nanjing, and his nephew, the second Ming Emperor, from whom he usurped the throne, escaped and disappeared from official history.
		It was in the reign of the Zhengtong Emperor (1436-1449) that the practice of entombing live imperial concubines was abolished.
		The stone stele bears the inscriptions of the Ming Dynasty Renzong Emperor (Zhu Gaozhi) and Qing rulers, the Qianlong and the Jiaqing Emperors.
	www.chinapage.com /friend/goh/beijing/mingtomb/mingtombs.html (887 words)

	Encyclopedia: Yongle Emperor of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360–August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424.
		The Yongle Emperor is buried in the Changling (長陵) tomb, the central and largest mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty Tombs.
		Emperor Yongle was born Zhu Di on May 2nd, 1360 (mother unknown) to a monk and future emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Yongle-Emperor-of-China (1984 words)

	Ming Dynasty article - Ming Dynasty History China Three August Ones the Five Emperors Dynasty Shang - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Ming Dynasty (Chinese: 明朝; Pinyin: míng cháo) was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644.
		The dynasty followed the Yuan Dynasty and preceded the Qing Dynasty, and the Ming dynasty emperors were members of the Zhu family.
		During Hongwu's reign, the early Ming dynasty was characterized by rapid and dramatic population growth, largely due to the increased food supply and Hongwu's agricultural reforms.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Ming_Dynasty (3199 words)

	Ming Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The difficulties that the dynasty faced latter on against the Manchus was a result of this as the Yellow River loop plains were in the hands of the Mongols, leading to a lack of horses.
		However, the Ming emperors were extremely myopic and were roused to great anger hearing about the truce, as though that signing a truce was equivalent to selling out their ancestral lands.
		This was a repetition of the foolishness of the Ming emperors.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Ming_Dynasty (9921 words)

	List of Emperors of the Ming Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644, succeeding the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and falling amidst much peasant turmoil to the Manchu Qing dynasty.
		A series of claimants to the Ming throne continued to claim the throne of what was known as the Southern Ming until the last was executed in 1662.
		However, the Zhengtong emperor was able to reclaim his position upon the death of his brother, choosing the reign name Tianshun.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ming_dynasty_emperors (331 words)

	Yongle Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424.
		His father, Emperor Hongwu supplied nothing but the best education for his sons and eventually entitled them their own princedoms.
		Hongwu died on June 24, 1398, and Zhu Yunwen was crowned Emperor Jianwen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yongle_Emperor (2023 words)

	Ming Tombs
		Ding Ling is the tomb of Emperor Wanli.
		Emperor Wanli’s at the Ming Tombs is 27 meters.
		Ming Tombs is a classic representation of Chinese burial culture.
	www.china-travel-golden-route.com /ming_tombs.html (758 words)

	ipedia.com: Ming Dynasty Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Ming Dynasty (Chinese: 明朝, pinyin: mīng cháo) (1368-1644) followed the Yuan Dynasty and preceded the Qing Dynasty in China.
		Among the populace there were strong feelings against the rule of "the foreigners," which finally led to a peasant revolt that pushed the Yuan dynasty back to the Mongolian steppes and established the Ming Dynasty in 1368.
		Zhu, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was one of the only two dynastic founders who emerged from the peasant class.
	www.ipedia.com /ming_dynasty.html (3204 words)

	Ming Dynasty
		The golden age of the Ming Dynasty thrived under Emperor Chengzu's reign, known as the Yongle period (circa 1402).
		When Emperor Yingzong ascended to the throne in 1436, the Ming Dynasty began its decline, mainly due to the monopoly of eunuchs.
		Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself at the foot of the Coal Hill behind the imperial palace.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22829.htm (312 words)

	Chinese herbs from The Ming Dynasty
		In China, the Ming Dynasty emperors ruled for nearly 300 years and it has been classed as the most significant period of cultural renaissance in Oriental history.
		The second emperor of the Ming Dynasty was so enamoured with the enhancement, that a copy of the royal medical encyclopaedia was interred with him upon his death.
		Ming Cheng Zu's order was obeyed and these formulas were kept for the exclusive use of the royal families.
	www.anewlife.co.uk /ming-dynasty.html (800 words)

	Ming China: The Decline of the Ming Empire
		The most immediate and direct cause of the fall of the Ming were the rebellions that racked the country in the seventeenth century and the aggressive military expansion of the Manchus.
		The decline of the dynasty, however, began much sooner; history works more often in long patterns, and the decline of the Ming can be dated as far back as the establishment of the dynasty.
		The Yung-lo emperor, competent as he was, was perhaps the cruellest emperor in the history of China.
	www.wsu.edu:8000 /~dee/MING/DECLINE.HTM (1363 words)

	The Ming Tombs and Sacred Way, Beijing, China (75 photos)
		Emperor ChongZhen, who hung himself in April 1644, was the last to be buried here, but on a smaller scale than his predecessors.
		The Ming Tombs form the most extensive burial complex of any chinese dynasty and are one of the finest preserved pieces of 15th century chinese art and architecture.
		The Ming Tombs are constructed in conventional fashion, with memorial halls at the front and burial chambers to the rear.
	www.kinabaloo.com /ming_tombs.html (494 words)

	Ming Dynasty
		During the Ming Dynasty incredible advances in the sciences and arts were achieved giving the Chinese great pride and self confidence with the knowledge that that they had created the most advanced civilization on earth.
		The Ming Dynasty was the last native Chinese Dynasty to rule the empire.
		During the Ming Dynasty a popular fad was to wear ancient jade as it “connected” the wearer with the ancestors and brought great fortune.
	www.thejadetrade.com /ian/p8e.html (1056 words)

	Ming China: The Ming State
		Towards the end, abandoning themselves to corruption and pleasure, the emperor and his government ceased to be concerned about the welfare of the people and neglected their duties.
		Chinese history is filled with the assumption of power by the court eunuchs or by boy emperors being ruled by the Empress Dowager and her family.
		The first three Ming emperors threw themselves into the work, but later emperors, having been raised in the lap of luxury, were not disposed to this difficult schedule of hard work and began to transfer their responsibilities to others.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/MING/STATE.HTM (1674 words)

	Ming dynasty
		Some emperors found the task of total state control too burdensome and yielded day-to-day responsibilities to eunuchs, who would come to number in the tens of thousands.
		Emperor Yung-lo, in the first decades of the fifteenth century, even established eunuchs as spies.
		hrough the dynasty’s last four emperors and its last forty years, China was unable to control its economy or its borders.
	www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov /museum/exhibits/China_exhibit/ming.htm (345 words)

	Articles - Ming Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The future Hongwu emperor, Zhu declared the foundation of the Ming Dynasty in 1368, establishing his capital at Nanjing and adopting "Hongwu" as his reign title.
		The beginning of the Ming dynasty was one of Ming military conquests as they sought to perpetuate their hold on power.
		The fall of the Ming Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu state under Nurhaci.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Ming_Dynasty?mySession=ae348ae99ad251b1b727a643e7f4495f (3097 words)

	Attractions in Beijing
		Second only to the Great Wall as a destination, and usually included with the Wall in a one-day package tour, the 13 tombs of the Ming Dynasty emperors are living monuments, with all except the one opened the public still containing the remians of their emperor.
		Yongle's two Ming Dynasty successors are entombed in Nanjing, and the seventh Ming emperor chose to be buried nearer Beijing (on Jinshan Hill).
		Occupying a natural site that resembles the courtyard so loved by emperors and common folk alike, the tombs look down from their hillside locations onto the floor of the valley, across which snakes the ceremonial road that is guarded by a series of large stone animals.
	www.beijinghighlights.com /cityguide/attractions.htm (2595 words)

	The Ming Tombs, Beijing, Regent Tour China
		Coffins of emperors were carried to their final resting place in their tomb along this avenue..
		When a Ming Emperor died all of his concubines were buried alive to serve him in the next world.
		One of the three tombs open to the public is the mausoleum of Ming Dynasty Emperor Wanli.
	www.regenttour.com /chinaplanner/pek/bj-sights-mingtomb.htm (184 words)

	Illustrated Ming Emperors
		The objective is to present a brief history of the Ming dynasty using original court portraits of Ming emperors as well as related artwork of the period.
		The 277 years of Ming dynasty is not only the final imperial dynasty ruled by the indigenous Han or Chinese people but also one that is characterized by the relatively stable government internally and the expansion of Chinese influence externally.
		The objective is to present the history of the Ming dynasty through paintings and other artwork of the period.
	www.geissfoundation.org /pear_publications/pearpub_ming_emperors/illustrated_ming_emperors.htm (416 words)

	Coin history - Ming dynasty. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		From the Ming to the end of the Qing, all emperors used only one reign title during each reign, and the emperors of this period are better known by their reign title than their temple name.
		The Ming had to confront several rebellions and when the Ming had to flee from the Manzus and abandon their capital in Beijing in 1644, four princes retreated to the South and set up their own kingdoms, all issued their own coins.
		This period is called the Southern Ming, and it lasted from 1644 to 1662 when they were defeated by the Manzus, see the page on Southern Ming and Ming rebels.
	chinesecoins.lyq.dk /History/Coin_history_Ming_Dynasty.htm (294 words)

	Emperor Tai Zu, Ming Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Emperor Tai Zu, Zhu Yuanzhang, 1368 -- 1398, Ming Dynasty
		Zhu Yuanzhang, otherwise known as Emperor Tai Zu, founded the Ming Dynasty in 1368.
		However these precautions proved to be in vain, because the eunuchs soon came to command almost all the control levers of power.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Dynasty/Ming-1368-Tai-Zu.html (191 words)

	Why were only 13 emperors buried here?
		The mausoleum of the first Ming Emperor and his empress is not as impressive those located near Beijing.
		His uncle became the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty and moved the capital to Beijing.
		The seventh emperor Jingtai was buried in the Hill of Gold, the west suburb of Beijing.
	www.mybeijingchina.com /ming-tombs/thirteen_emperors.htm (331 words)

	Passages of Joy Katzen-Guthrie: China Jewish Heritage Tours/Beijing
		Emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties from 1420 to 1911 held court and lived within the walls of the Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum.
		Emperors, the Sons of Heaven, rarely left the complex except for their yearly pilgrimage to the Temple of Heaven to pray for good harvests.
		Ming and Qing Emperors traveled each year from the Forbidden City to the Temple of Heaven on the winter solstice and in the first month of the lunar calendar to worship, offer sacrifices to heaven, and to pray for good harvests.
	www.joyfulnoise.net /JoyChina3.html (2377 words)

	Chinese History - Ming Dynasty (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Similar to the founder of the Han Dynasty, he was very suspicious of the educated courtiers around him and exerted an extremely authoritarian regime ("the tyrant of Nanjing").
		During the whole course of Ming Dynasty, there was always prevalent a deep mistrust between the scholarship elite, that occupied the governmental posts in the capital(s) and in the prefectures, and the central government, that was often deeply influenced by some high ranking eunuchs.
		The Ming Dynasty is famous for the influence of the eunuchs on political affairs.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Ming/ming.html (404 words)

	Ming Tombs, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, Nanjing Attractions
		Emperor Chengzu, Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and Queen Ma were buried there.
		Emperor Chengzu had bestowed upon her the title 'Queen of Xiao Ci' which means 'Queen of Filial Piety and Kindness.' Hence, the name Mingxiaoling derives from her title.
		For example, the lions, king of the animals, show the stateliness of the emperors, the camels, symbol of desert and tropical areas, indicate the vast territory of the dynasty and the elephants imply that the policies of the dynasty are to meet the desire of the grass root and the stabilization of the dynasty.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /attraction/jiangsu/nanjing/ming_xiaoling.htm (765 words)

	Cambridge History of China: Volume 07: The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Part 1. Hardback. 0521243327 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		This volume in The Cambridge History of China is devoted to the history of the Ming dynasty (1368—1644), with some account of the three decades before the dynasty’s formal establishment, and for the Ming courts that survived in SOuth China for a generation after 1644.
		The Ming period is the only segment of later imperial history during which all of China proper was ruled by a native, or Han, dynasty.
		Although it is written by specialists, the goals and approach of this Cambridge history are to explain and describe the Ming dynasty to an audience that wilol include scholars and students as well as general readers who do not have a specialized knowledge of Chinese history.
	www.atleest.com /en-us/p_2303.html (460 words)

	Cambridge History of China: Volume 08: The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Part 2. Hardback. 0521243335
		Volumes seven and eight of The Cambridge History of China are devoted to the Ming dynasty (1368—1644), the only segment of later imperial history during which all of China proper was ruled by a native, or Han, dynasty.
		Although it is written by specialists, this Cambridge History intends to explain and describe the Ming dynasty to general readers who do not have a specialised knowledge of Chinese history, as well as scholars and students.
		The Ming and Inner Asia Morris Rossabi; 5.
	www.atleest.com /en-us/p_2304.html (342 words)

	Encyclopedia [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Chinese emperorThe king or wang (王 wang2) was the Chinese head of state from the Zhou to Qin dynasties.
		In the succeeding dynasty, the ChineseWhen used as an adjective, Chinese refers to anything that originates from China, e.g., Chinese cuisine.
		The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from October 18, 1735 to February 9, 1796, at which point he retired in favor of his son, the Jiaqing Emperor - a filial act in order not to reign longer than his grandfather, the illustrious Kangxi Emperor.
	www.wikimirror.com /encyclopedia (13785 words)

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