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Topic: Minimal state

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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A number of modern commentators have claimed that we are experiencing the decline of the Westphalian state as the principal actor of the international system, pointing to economic, cultural, political, and technological changes in the world, such as globalization and the emergence of regional and supernational groupings such as the European Union.
		The birth of the state, in the broadest sense of the word, coincides with the rise of civilization.
		In 1302, Pope Boniface VIII stated that the political powers of Christendom exercised their prerogatives “at the command and sufferance of the priest.” This limited the power of kings, who were obliged to pledge their ultimate allegance to the Pope.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /State (3677 words)

	Minarchism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In civics, minarchism, sometimes called minimal statism or small government, is the view that the size, role and influence of government in a free society should be minimal — only large enough to protect the liberty of each and every individual, without violating the liberty of any individuals itself.
		The term is perhaps most often used to differentiate libertarians who believe it is possible to have a state that protects individual liberty without violating it itself, from the anarchists who believe that any state is inherently a violation of individual liberty.
		Many minarchists usually agree that government should be restricted to its "minimal" or "night watchman" state functions of government (e.g., courts, police, prisons, defense forces).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minarchism (629 words)

	Robert Nozick [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		For insofar as the state arises out of a process that begins with the voluntary retention by individuals of the services of an agency that will inevitably take on the features of a state, it can be seen to be the result of a kind of contract.
		The state, it is held (by, for instance, Rawls and his followers), simply must engage in redistributive taxation in order to ensure that a fair distribution of wealth and income obtains in the society it governs.
		Accordingly, the minimal state, far from being inconsistent with the demands of distributive justice, is in fact the only sure means of securing those demands.
	www.iep.utm.edu /n/nozick.htm (4229 words)

	Minarchism
		Minarchism, sometimes clumsily called minimal statism, is the view of civics that government should be as small as possible.
		However, mincharists often disagree on just how small that is. Supporters usually argue that anarchism is naive and goes too far towards simplicity, while libertarianism is often too allowing of vested interests, and that what they call minarchy continues traditions of classical liberal philosophy in their original form.
		Radical minarchists usually agree that government should be restricted to its "minimal" or "night-watchman" state functions of government (courts, police, prisons, defence forces).
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Minarchism.html (342 words)

	On Power: The Independent Institute \| About the book, Crisis and Leviathan, by Robert Higgs \| Introduction
		The artificial shortages and gasoline lines of the United States in the 1970s—not to mention the chronic frustration of consumers in the socialist countries—give force to the critics’ argument.
		The welfare state has become, if it was not from the beginning, the redistributional state.
		In a recent econometric study, David Lowery and William D. Berry tested nine different explanations of the growth of governmental spending in the postwar United States and found that, considered separately, only one “receive[d] even a minimal degree of support”—and even that one, because of econometric problems in the test, was questionable.
	www.onpower.org /about_intro.html (8122 words)

	Charles K. Rowley - GMU Economics Department
		Professor Rowley received his doctorate from the University of Nottingham in 1964.
		He taught at the University of Nottingham, the University of York and the University of Newcastle upon Tyne before migrating from England to the United States in 1984.
		He is best known for such authored books as The British Monopolies Commission, Steel and Public Policy, Welfare Economics: A Liberal Restatement (with Alan T. Peacock), The Right to Justice and Trade Protection in the United States (with Willem Thorbecke and Richard E. Wagner).
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/faculty/crowley.html (276 words)

	Jonathan Wolff
		'Anarchism and Scepticism', in For and Against the State ed.
		'Not Bargaining For The Welfare State', Analysis, 52, 1992, pp.
		Robert Nozick: Property Justice and the Minimal State, Polity Press and Stanford University Press, 1991.
	www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk /~uctyjow (1381 words)

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