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	ArtLex on Minimalism
		It is sometimes called ABC art, minimal art, reductivism, and rejective art.
		Halley's style and period of Minimalism is generally known as Neo-Geo.
		"Minimal art was the first art form to come out of the universities rather than the artists' ghetto.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/m/minimalism.html (1004 words)

	Minimalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is stripped down to its most fundamental features.
		The term minimalism is also used to describe a trend in design and architecture wherein the subject is reduced to its necessary elements.
		Another strand of literary minimalism arose in response to the meta-fiction trend of the 1960s and early 1970s (John Barth, Coover, and William H. Gass).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minimalism (1258 words)

	Minimalist music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most identifiable traits of minimalism in music are the use of repeated motivic fragments, presented unaltered in themselves or in slow transformations, to establish a harmonic texture.
		Minimalism is sometimes associated with an ideology that justifies the moving away from the greater complexity of modernism by arguing from the point of view of postmodernism.
		The first set of criticisms are from proponents of musical modernism who regard minimalism as a betrayal of progress, a banalization of modernity and backsliding into kitsch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minimalist_music (2085 words)

	Minimalism (music) - MSN Encarta
		The earliest exponent of minimalism is considered to be pioneering American composer and performer La Monte Young, who founded the group Theater of Eternal Music in 1962.
		By the 1980s American minimalism had largely left behind its early radical purity, encompassing opera in Glass’s Satyagraha (1980) and Nixon in China (1987) by composer John Adams, and the string quartet in Reich’s Different Trains (1988).
		By the 1990s most minimalist composers had moved on to less minimal styles, and music critics considered minimalism in its original formulation to be largely dead.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_701610421/Minimalism_(music).html (648 words)

	BWNS: Creating a new school of thought
		He terms his method "minimalism" because it "results from consistently making the most plausible and rational choice in the light of current knowledge" but goes no farther than is necessary.
		As outlined by Dr. Hatcher, minimalism steadfastly sticks to logic, uses scientific empiricism where it is proven effective, and makes an explicit statement of viewpoint (in an effort to circumvent the limitations imposed by human subjectivity).
		"The philosophy of minimalism is open to the possibility of such phenomena as divine revelation, in which man may be given knowledge that transcends any possible rational basis that is currently known," he writes.
	news.bahai.org /story.cfm?storyid=226 (758 words)

	Raw42 Definitive - Minimalism Music Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Due to the patterned nature of most minimal songs, minimalism is often said to have a hypnotic or mantra like quality and, thus, it adapts well to practices such as meditation or yoga which are also concerned with stripping away the excesses and getting down to the purest possible form.
		Minimalism and ambient are some of the few styles of music that are loosely defined by something other than the specifics involved with composing, playing, or listening to them.
		The connection between minimalism and ambient seems to have blurred somewhat since the orb's 1989 blend of chill/house music sent the ambient style in a multitude of directions ranging from the ambient techno of Aphex Twin to the experimental design of mouse on mars and everything in between.
	www.raw42.com /cgi-bin/genre_guide.pl?genre=26&refer=raw42 (1502 words)

	About Minimalism \| Abbeville Press
		The demise of Minimalism is the story of how that critical spirit was neutralized by the art business and by the general backlash in American society against the liberal spirit of the 1960s and in favor of a kind of self-righteous millenarian avarice.
		Minimalism was (and arguably still is) the project of disclosing and exploiting the contingent, contextual aspects of making--and of instituting something--a work of art.
		Minimalism is a compelling and important episode in American art because it clarified the fact that artists, despite their ambitions, can only play at superseding the values by which society's ruling groups legitimize their power.
	www.abbeville.com /Products/Excerpt/089659887XExcerpt.htm (4315 words)

	elimae
		Minimalism is the effect of a conscious effort to present written elements with the fewest words necessary to deliver the maximum readable impact.
		Scale is irrelevant to a definition of minimalism: a minimalist output might range, in the fictional, from the paragraph-length micro fiction, to a novel-length manuscript.
		The trunks of the trees too were dusty and the leaves fell early that year and we saw the troops marching along the road and the dust rising and leaves, stirred by the breeze, falling and the soldiers marching and afterward the road bare and white except for the leaves.
	www.elimae.com /essays/bauman/minimalism.html (671 words)

	Music After Minimalism
		Minimalism is dead as a doornail, of course, and minimalism is also thriving splendidly, thank you.
		And thus we have the common wisdom about minimalism: that it was a historical dead end, a moment in which a superficial new brand of music achieved a quick but ephemeral surge of public acceptance.
		Minimalism inspired them to seek a more audience-friendly music than serialism, but they still conceptualized music in terms familiar to them from 12-tone thought: as a language with rules meant to guarantee internal cohesiveness.
	www.kylegann.com /postminimalism.html (2665 words)

	minimalism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Reacting against the formal excesses and raw emotionalism of abstract expressionism, the practitioners of minimal art (also sometimes called ABC art) strove to focus attention on the object as an object, reducing its historical and expressive content to the bare minimum.
		Minimalism gave rise to process art, land art, performance art, conceptual art, and installation art.
		In music, the minimalist movement was, like minimal art, a reaction against a then-current form, with composers rejecting many of the dry intellectual complexities and the emotional sterility of serial music and other modern forms.
	www.bartleby.com /65/mi/minimali.html (291 words)

	The New Yorker: The Critics: The Art World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		I had hoped, apropos of the Guggenheim and moca shows, to announce that minimalism is at last firmly historical—over, that is, as the background model of what it means to address contemporary reality honestly and creatively on a public scale.
		Minimalism forced all vitality out of art and into its surroundings, the sphere of a self-conscious, mythical being who has starred in art discourse all these years: “the spectator,” whom no one has ever met.
		Minimalism nailed the spiritual vacuum at the core of secular society, and the deep-down forswearing of judgment—open-mindedness like a hole in the head—that preserves democracy.
	www.newyorker.com /critics/art?040503craw_artworld (1389 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Jonathan Freedland on minimalism
		In other words, prejudice puts minimalism close to the top of the pretentiousness charts: a philosophy that passes off next to nothing as if it was something, a creed that sells new clothes to emperors.
		Wilson explains that, like all art, minimalism should be seen in its historical place - that it was a reaction to, and an advance on, what had gone before.
		Minimal art took that notion and ran with it, serving up objects that could not be taken for anything other than what they were.
	www.guardian.co.uk /saturday_review/story/0,3605,609721,00.html (1694 words)

	Minimalism," Ancient Israel," and Anti-Semitism by Philip Davies
		Albrighteanism (which is the key to the invention of the myth of “minimalism”) was in fact a neo-conservative reaction against the critical advances of archaeology and literary-critical research that were beginning to distinguish between “history” and the “biblical story.” Albright sought to validate the Bible by means of its historicity.
		Since the opponents of “minimalism” do not appear ready to describe their opponents’ argument fairly and since each “minimalist” is doing something different, let me state what drives my own work.
		In stereotyping “minimalism,” in branding groups of individuals with simplistic slogans, misrepresenting their beliefs, implying motives and attitudes without evidence, and in assigning guilt by association, some anti-“minimalists” (I don’t want to fall into the same trap, so let me just mention the name of William Dever and refer the reader especially to p.
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/Minimalism.htm (3010 words)

	Art Journal: Minimalism: Art History as Detective Novel. . - Reviews - Minimalism: Art and Polemics in the Sixties - ...
		Minimalism: Art and Polemics in the Sixties establishes a historical precision and seriousness that many have thought lacking in the recent wave of writing about postwar American art.
		Meyer's history of Minimalism is conceived both empirically and hermeneutically--a history of dates and works and places, but also a history of voices and positions and of discourse in the making.
		The use of the word "minimal" in relation to the sculpture of Donald Judd and others preceded by almost a year the previously accepted date for the coinage of the term in Richard Wollheim's 1965 essay "Minimal Are" (142).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0425/is_1_62/ai_99377981 (487 words)

	Minimalism and HTML-based Help
		Minimalism garners the energy of the task at hand; users are already doing things when it comes to learning and documentation should address that "rich context".
		Minimalism calls for leaving procedural information incomplete; this is one of the more controversial aspects of this philosophy.
		Minimalism is not the guiding principle by which all manuals are written; yet, it appears to be the most user-oriented theory put forth in the area of computer-based training.
	www.arts.uwaterloo.ca /~ipederse/Minimalism.htm (10126 words)

	NewMusicBox
		Moreover, minimalism borrowed its name from the eponymous art movement, and there are clear parallels between the quasi-geometric linearity and predictability of Philip Glass's and Steve Reich's notes with the clean geometric lines and simple optical illusions of a Frank Stella or Sol Lewitt.
		We can at least say that it was a near-universal trait of minimalism to never use a wide variety of rhythms; you might proceed in 8th-notes, or 8ths and quarters, or whole notes with fermatas, but you do not get the kind of mercurial rhythmic variety one would hear in any 19th-century classical composition.
		Looking, however, to the opposite bank of minimalism, we find that many of these traits can be found in music that was influenced by minimalism, that grew out of minimalist practice, but that has departed so far from what we think of as minimalist as to no longer justify the name.
	www.newmusicbox.org /page.nmbx?id=31tp01 (2082 words)

	Minimalism: The Copenhagen School Of Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In short, 'Minimalism' says that the Bible is very close to irrelevant for reconstructing the history of Ancient Palestine, especially of the people we know as the Ancient Israelites.
		"Minimalism" and "Minimalists" are a seen by some people as derogatory terms, but it has become the term used to describe this School of Thought and it has lost its pejorative edge in my opinion.
		This is one of the hallmarks of 'Minimalism'.
	jmm.aaa.net.au /articles/9246.htm (10276 words)

	TIP: Theories
		The critical idea of minimalist theory is to minimize the extent to which instructional materials obstruct learning and focus the design on activities that support learner-directed activity and accomplishment.
		Carroll feels that training developed on the basis of other instructional theories (e.g., Gagne, Merrill) is too passive and fails to exploit the prior knowledge of the learner or use errors as learning opportunities.
		Minimize the amount of reading and other passive forms of training by allowing users to fill in the gaps themselves
	tip.psychology.org /carroll.html (408 words)

	Tate Archive Journeys \| Reise \| Art Movements, Minimalism
		'Minimalism' describes a type of abstract art that emerged in the late 1950s when artists such as Frank Stella, whose Black Paintings were exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1959, began to turn away from the gestural art of the previous generation.
		Minimalism sought to de-mystify art, to reveal its most fundamental character, its reality...Exposing its materials and processes, it attempted to engage the viewer in an immediate, direct and unmediated experience...
		While Minimalism abandoned the gestural expressionism of the previous generation, the Abstract Expressionists' emphasis on formal qualities, such as the structure of the canvas surface and nature of the medium, over those of representation, paved the way for the Minimalists.
	www.tate.org.uk /archivejourneys/reisehtml/mov_minimalism.htm (1270 words)

	plaintxt.org · Minimalism in blogging: an experiment out of control
		This is my personal experiment in combining minimalism and blog design.
		That’s how plaintxt.org came to be: a place for minimalism in blog design.
		An elastic, two-column layout that is minimal: less than 300 lines of CSS.
	www.plaintxt.org (384 words)

	Minimalism, what is it? - ConceptArt.org Forums
		Minimalism is a somplified type of art but that's about all that I know.
		minimalism is an old movement, if you want to get good at it, go to an art library or to a library and search minimalism.
		Minimalism emerged and developed as a reaction against the emotiveness of abstract expressionism.
	www.conceptart.org /forums/showthread.php?t=42970 (668 words)

	Hans van der Meij - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Minimalism is a use-centered approach because its priority lies in supporting usage of an application.
		Developments of minimalism since the appearance of the Minimal Manual and “The Nurnberg Funnel” have included empirical testing, refinement of method, and the development of another exemplary manual this time for complex software (i.e., Smalltalk – Second_Minimal_Manual –).
		Today, minimalism is among the most widely acclaimed and used bodies of instructional theory as applied to software user assistance.
	users.edte.utwente.nl /meij/home_page/Minimalism_overview (699 words)

	PaintingsDIRECT.com - Quick Sketch
		Minimalism developed in the 1960's in reaction to the subjective art movement, Expressionism.
		True to Minimalism, this painting is broken down into simple lines and elementary shapes in basic blocks of color, with clear boundaries.
		Typical of Minimalism, the brushstrokes are precisely and evenly painted, which can lend an impersonal quality.
	www.paintingsdirect.com /content/quicksketch/040902/quick.html (238 words)

	Moral Minimalism
		Moral Minimalism is not necessarilly a pro-life principle; it is a separate principle that can be applied to the abortion debate.
		By nature, I think the issues to which the principle of moral minimalism applies are more important than the ones to which it does not.
		Moral minimalism carries with it the notion of moral weight, and that is something that seems to be lost in this day and age.
	www.geocities.com /mryan_usa/Moral_Minimalism/moral_minamalism.html (589 words)

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