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| | Minimally Invasive Surgery, UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26) |
 | | The Mark Ravitch/Leon C. Hirsch Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery was established in 1995, under the co-direction of James Luketich, M.D., Chief of Thoracic Surgery, and Philip Schauer, M.D., Director of Endoscopic Surgery, to centralize the clinical and research efforts of MIS at UPMC. |
 | | In 1996, UPMC thoracic and general surgeons performed one of the first minimally invasive removals of the esophagus in the United States. |
 | | The system permits surgeons to perform delicate microsurgical procedures such as minimally invasive heart bypass surgery while the heart is still beating, using only several incisions about the diameter of a pencil. |
| www.upmc.edu /minsurg (1194 words) |
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