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Topic: Minister of Public Instruction (France)

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List of Naval Ministers of France

Jules Ferry

Gabriel Hanotaux

	The Collège de France
		The Collège de France was founded in the interest of higher education by Francis I. He had planned the erection of this college as far back as 1517, but not until 1530, and then under the inspiration of Budé and Jean du Bellay, did he realize his idea.
		The Collège de France was first ruled by the Grand Aumônier de France, who appointed the professors until 1661, when it became a part of the University of Paris, from which it was afterwards separated for a time, and finally reaffiliated in 1766.
		In 1795 the minister of the interior was in charge; in 1831 the minister of public works; in 1832 the minister of public instruction, who has retained the charge to the present day.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/college_de_france.html (630 words)

	Minister of National Education (France) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following the various regime changes in France in the first decades of the 19th century, the position changed official status and name a number of times before the position of Minister of Public Instruction was created in 1828.
		For much of its history, the position was combined with that of Minister of Public Worship, who dealt with issues related to the Catholic Church, except in instances where the Minister of Public Instruction was a Protestant.
		In 1932, the office's title was changed to Minister of National Education, although it was briefly changed back in 1940-1941, and was renamed Minister of Education during the Presidency of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974-1981).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minister_of_National_Education_(France) (219 words)

	Charles Ernest Beule - LoveToKnow 1911
		He was educated at the Ecole Normale, and after having held the professorship of rhetoric at Moulins for a year, was sent to Athens in 1851 as one of the professors in the Ecole Frangaise there.
		He was made doctor of letters, chevalier of the Legion of Honour, professor of archaeology at the Bibliotheque Imperiale, member of the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres and perpetual secretary of the Academie des Beaux-Arts.
		In May - November 1873 he was minister of the interior in the Broglie ministry.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Charles_Ernest_Beule (306 words)

	Feature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		France's president, Jacques Chirac, evoked this fundamental notion at a Council of Ministers in September 2003, stating: "The school system is the cement of our nations".
		It bears recalling that France, at the time, was a rural country where different form of patois were spoken and in which one third of the population did not speak French.
		They are also fiercely defended, as witnessed by the recent public debates, in particular those concerning the wearing of religious signs in schools, which led to the passing of a law banning this practice.
	www.dailynews.lk /2005/07/07/fea10.htm (974 words)

	Carnot Bill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Considering public education as "the reciprocal obligation of a society to the citizen and the citizen to the society", Carnot called for free compulsory primary education for both sexes arguing that "we want the state to act as a father towards his children and that it offer education and assistance".
		Son of the revolutionary Lazare Carnot, himself minister of public instruction during the 100 Days, Hyppolite's association with the Saint Simonian school in the 1830s strongly influenced his social policies and made him aware of feminist demands.
		The same was true for girls higher education "because it involved opening a new world, because it is not task of the minister of public instruction to create it, but that of the government as a whole".
	cscwww.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ac/carproj.htm (1542 words)

	Jules Ferry Biography
		Born in Saint-Dié, in the Vosges département, France, he studied law, and was called to the bar at Paris, but soon went into politics, contributing to various newspapers, particularly to the Temps.
		From 1872-1873 he was sent by Adolphe Thiers as minister to Athens, but returned to the chamber as deputy for the Vosges, and became one of the leaders of the republican party.
		He reorganized the committee of public education (law of February 27, 1880), and proposed a regulation for the conferring of university degrees, which, though rejected, aroused violent polemics because the 7th article took away from the unauthorized religious orders the right to teach.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Ferry_Jules.html (691 words)

	A Century of Nobel Peace Prize Laureates, 1901-2005
		Briand became leader of the French Socialist Party in 1894 and served as a Socialist Deputy in the Chamber of Deputies from 1902 to 1932.
		During World War I, Briand led France as Prime Minister and Foreign Minister from 1915 to 1917; he sought an Allied offensive through the Balkans and persuaded Italy to join the Allied Powers.
		His reached the apex of his political career with the signing of the Kellogg-Briand Pact in 1928, a treaty which renounced war as an instrument of national policy, and outlined the European Union in 1930.
	www.indiana.edu /~nobel/league.php?lid=16 (486 words)

	laicite
		In this case, the duly appointed head was the Minister of Public Instruction, on whom the continuing trend toward the exclusive teaching of secular morality in the French education system would rely.
		France would have a series of increasingly secular education ministers as the nineteenth century wore on.
		The first prominent minister in this time frame, Alfred de Falloux, was described by de Tocqueville as “indispensable” to the Legitimists for his desire to protect the continued teaching of Catholic doctrine in public schools.
	www.princeton.edu /~jmatsui/laicite.html (1083 words)

	Psychology History
		He was born in the township of Sainte-Foy-la-Grande in the Dordogne region of France in 1824.
		The Minister of Public Instruction and the Prefect of Police believed that discussing knowledge about human beings was against the state in some way.
		1824- Broca was born in Sante- Foy-la-Grande in the Dordogne region of France.
	muskingum.edu /~psychology/psycweb/history/broca.htm (1502 words)

	A Century of Nobel Peace Prize Laureates, 1901-2005
		Bourgeois entered politics as a Radical-Socialist Deputy representing Reims in 1889, was elected Senator for the Marne from 1905 to 1923, and served in a number of ministerial positions between 1890 and 1917.
		He was the Prime Minister from 1895 to 1896 and was President of the French Senate from 1920 to 1923.
		Bourgeois led the French delegation to The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and formulated the agreement on Moroccan independence at the Algeciras Conference in 1906.
	www.indiana.edu /~nobel/league.php?lid=11 (459 words)

	Binet was commissioned in 1904 by the Minister of Public Instruction in France to develop a way of identifying children ...
		Binet was commissioned in 1904 by the Minister of Public Instruction in France to develop a way of identifying children with m
		Alfred Binet was commissioned in 1904 by the Minister of Public Instruction in
		Furthermore, Binet believed that intelligence could change with proper instruction; the current Stanford-Binet, on the other hand, is based on a theory that determines intelligence to be fixed and constant throughout one’s life.
	www.bsu.edu /web/keward2/edpsy600-litreview.htm (1969 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sharing these ideas, the Russian Minister of Public instruction Count Delianov, a few years ago ordered the Professors of Public Law and of Legal History to make their teaching conform to a programme in which Tzarism, the unlimited power of the Russian emperors, was declared to be a truly national institution.
		During an interregnum all authority passed into its hands, and it was accordingly empowered to choose the future ruler of the land, and to declare under what conditions he was to be admitted to the exercise of the sovereign power.
		The same Douma furnished the chief rulers of the State during the minority of the Tzar, and it was in this way that the power of the Boyars made itself felt among the lower classes of the population, who soon came to look upon them as the chief cause of their misery.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/kovalevsky/modcus4 (8029 words)

	Emile Combes + Edmund Halley
		It was on this date, November 8, 1904, that leftist French statesman Émile Combes introduced a bill for the separation of Church and State into the legislature of France.
		Winning a senate seat in 1885, Combes concentrated on education reform, serving as Minister of Public Instruction 1895-1896.
		Then, in 1902 he led the struggle against the strangulation of public education by the Catholic Church, serving as Minister of the Interior and Premier from 1902-1905.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/1108almanac.htm (619 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Aristide Briand
		Aristide Briand (1862-1932) served six terms in all as French Prime Minister - 1909-11, 1913, 1915-17, 1921-22, 1925-26, 1929 - and was France's longest serving First World War premier, succeeding Rene Viviani in October 1915.
		Appointed Prime Minister in July 1909 Briand caused outrage among his former socialist colleagues by breaking up a railway strike by the simple means of conscripting its leaders into the armed forces.
		Nivelle's disastrous Aisne offensive (the Nivelle Offensive) inevitably failed, and the resignation of war minister General Hubert Lyautey over the matter in March 1917 (along with many others he foresaw the failure of the offensive) brought Briand down with him.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/briand.htm (446 words)

	Marcellin Berthelot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		He became a member of the Academy of Medicine in 1863, and ten years afterwards entered the Academy of Sciences, of which he became perpetual secretary in 1889 in succession to Louis Pasteur.
		He was appointed inspector-general of higher education in 1876, and after his election as life senator in 1881 he continued to take an active interest in educational questions, especially as affected by compulsory military service.
		In the Goblet ministry of 1886-87 he was minister of public instruction, and in the Bourgeois cabinet of 1895-96 he held the portfolio for foreign affairs.
	www.nndb.com /people/892/000100592 (454 words)

	The World at War - Reynaud (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Edouard Daladier was born June 18th, 1884 at Charpentras in France and died October 10th, 1970 in Paris.
		In the turbulent years from 1925 to 1933 he served in several different Cabinets as minister of war, minister of public instruction, or minister of public works.
		When France fell to Germany in June of 1940, Daladier was one of those who sought to escape to French North Africa to set up a government-in-exile, but in Morocco he was arrested on Vichy orders and brought back to France.
	worldatwar.net /biography/d/daladier/index.html (379 words)

	Le Véloce, ou Tanger, Alger et Tunis
		The Minister of Public Instruction, M. de Salvandy, hatched the clever scheme of sending Dumas to Algeria to write about that country, with the effect of encouraging emigration and popularizing the French policy.
		Dumas was a keen and open-minded observer, and noticed much that (to a Twentieth Century reader well-equipped with hindsight) that suggested that the French colonial venture in North Africa carried the seeds of its own destruction from the outset.
		His publishers were suing him for interrupting his serials (he left Stephen Gilbert lying unconscious on the ground in Joseph Balsamo) and questions were being asked in the Assembly about how Dumas could use a French warship as if it was a private yacht..
	www.cadytech.com /dumas/work.php?key=344 (757 words)

	Libraries And Book Clubs
		At the same time I learnt with grief that the manuscript which contained the chronicle of Frodoard was burnt, with so many others, in the fire which, on the 3rd of November, 1731, injured the Cottonian Library while it was deposited at Westminster.
		As all the copies of this chronicle which we possess in France begin with the year 919, although originally it contained forty-two years more, as Frodoard began his recital with the year 877, it would have been a matter of great interest to know at what year this manuscript began.
		I allude to a Latin chronicle of occurrences in France from 683 to 820 ; and more particularly to a poem in Anglo-Norman verses, of twelve syllables, composed by Jordan Fantome, a trouvère of the twelfth century, on the war which Henry the Younger raised against his father Henry II.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles31n/gentslib-11.shtml (2028 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Guizot Franois - AOL Research & Learn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		As an opposition deputy he was involved in the July Revolution of 1830 and became one of the leading intellectual exponents of the bourgeois July Monarchy of Louis Philippe.
		As minister of public instruction (1832–37), Guizot introduced (1833) a new system of primary education.
		Turning more and more to conservatism, he became (1840) the chief power in the ministry nominally headed by Soult, who had displaced the more liberal Thiers as premier.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/guizot-franois/20051206041309990001 (296 words)

	Rene Viviani
		He worked as a lawyer in Algiers before moving to France where he specialized in defending the rights of socialists and trade union workers.
		His attempts to establish political control over the military high command during the First World War ended in failure and he was unable to persuade Joseph Joffre, chief of general staff in the French Army, to allow government inspections of the Western Front.
		Viviani resigned as prime minister in October 1915, after being criticized for a munitions shortage.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWviviani.htm (219 words)

	The Catholic Church in 19th Century France
		It was followed by the election of Louis Philippe (of the House of Orleans) to the vacant throne, and a series of laws which proved the "July Monarchy," in spite of its protested neutrality, to be definitely anti-Catholic.
		Yet it was just at this time that the religious revival in France began to break into full flower.
		A masonic movement to dechristianise the schools (supported by Duruy, the minister of public instruction) was introduced from Belgium in 1866.
	www.angelfire.com /ms/seanie/history/france19c.html (664 words)

	H-France Reviews
		And it was clear that her true vocation was not simply to serve as the director of a salle d’asile; rather, she was interested in teaching children and teaching others to teach children.
		Her prominence was underlined by her important role in addressing teachers at the Exposition universelle of 1867, and by her appointment to the position of inspectrice générale des salles d’asile in 1868.
		However, she has a rich trove of documents that provide the basis for an analysis of Pape-Carpantier’s public life, and most notably, her writings on the education of children.
	www.h-france.net /vol4reviews/adams3.html (1680 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Ferry,
		A member of the government of national defense established after the defeat of Emperor Napoleon III in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), he later rose to prominence as minister of public instruction (1879-80, 1882).
		He served in the administration of Jules Ferry, was elected senator (1895), and was minister of public instruction (1896-98).
		It is an important ferry port between France and England.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Ferry, (668 words)

	Ariside Briand: Spring Europe
		As minister of public instruction and worship (1906-09) Briand helped to complete the separation of Church and State in France.
		In July 1909 Briand became prime minister and horrified his former socialist colleagues when he broke up a railway stoppage by calling up some of the strikers for military service.
		His attempts to establish political control over the military high command ended in failure and he was unable to persuade Joseph Joffre, chief of general staff in the French Army, to change his tactics on the Western Front.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /SPRINGbriand.htm (905 words)

	The "Ferry" Educational Laws
		But moral instruction, morality – it is necessary to define morality before a French assembly, in the year of grace 1881 (laughter on the right).
		This instruction may be given either in primary or secondary schools, in public or private schools, or even at home, either by the father of the household himself or by someone he designates.
		Children who are schooled at home must, each year after the second year of obligatory instruction, take an exam on the subjects of instruction covered in the public schools for their particular age group, in the manner and according to the programs established by ministerial decree in the Superior Council.
	www.utc.edu /Faculty/Anthony-Steinhoff/318/EducTexts.html (1841 words)

	Page 374
		As minister of public instruction and ecclesiastical affairs he supported Charles X. in his plan to make Jesuitism dominant in legislation.
		In 1543 he made peace between the ministers at Biberaeh, and three years later he was sent to Dillingen by the Schmalkald League to begin a reformistic propaganda in the diocese of Augsburg.
		He was released, though on hard terms, Mar. 3, 1549, and then went to Nuremberg, which he left for Blaubeuren, where he lived under the protection of Duke Ulrich of Wurttemberg.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc04/htm/0390=374.htm (829 words)

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