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	German Minnesingers - Medieval Legends and Myths Performers
		Minnesingers were mainly knights of medieval Germany, however, they did not belong to the high nobility.
		Such minnesingers developed lyric verses and rhymes up to appearance of sonnet prosody in 15 th -16 th centuries.
		Usually these inhabitants belonged to upper levels of German society and German kings such as Ludwig II were inspired by minstrels to remain royal dignity and remember the times when German nation was free and proud of its origin.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/weekly/german_minnesingers.htm (323 words)

	Minnesang
		Minnesang was the tradition of lyric and song writing in Germany which flourished in the 12th century and continued into the 14th century.
		Like the troubadors, the Minnesingers mainly sang of courtly love (this is where the Minne part of their name comes from).
		Several of the best known Minnesingers are also noted for their epic poetry, among them Wolfram von Eschenbach and Gottlieb von Strassburg[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mi/Minnesinger.html (235 words)

	The Martha's Vineyard Times - Music: Making memories through song
		Prior to the 80s fun, the Minnesingers float through a graceful set that includes "Adoramus Te," "Mata Del Anima Sola," "Away From the Roll of the Sea," "Buffalo Gals," and "He is Risen, Alleluia!" The singers, dressed in elegant whites and fls, hit grace notes and harmonies with elegant flair.
		Lilla Warren describes 80s music as "upbeat and party." She says being a minnesinger is a growing process that encourages maturity and commitment.
		Tony Cortez juggles team sports with the rigors of Minnesinger rehearsals, yet he says the hard work is well worth it in the end.
	www.mvtimes.com /calendar/2006/04/20/music_memories_through_song.php (763 words)

	minnesinger - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		minnesinger, a medieval German knight, poet, and singer of Minne, or courtly love.
		Originally imitators of Provençal troubadours, minnesingers developed their own style in the 13th and 14th cent.
		Wagner's opera Tannhäuser is based on minnesinger art and tradition.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-minnesin.html (221 words)

	Troubadours, Trouveres and Minnesingers - Popular History Of Music
		The work of the minnesingers was succeeded in Germany by a class of humbler minstrels of the common people, known as the Mastersingers, the city of Nuremberg being their principal center.
		The troubadours, trouvères and minnesingers, on the other hand, never acquired the art of spontaneous melody, and as for har mony, there is no evidence that they made any use of it.
		Their instrument of music was a small harp of ten òr twelve strings, but no more a much smaller and less effective instrument than the Irish harp of the eleventh century, or the Saxon of the tenth.
	www.tribalsmile.com /music/article_442.shtml (1087 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Friedrich von Hausen
		Medieval German poet, one of the earliest of the minnesingers; date of birth unknown; d.
		Friedrich von Hausen is one of the earliest of the minnesingers who are known to have imitated French models, with which he became acquainted on his travels through Burgundy and Provence.
		Like most of the troubadours or minnesingers he sings chiefly of love's pangs, but he never degenerates into effeminacy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06304a.htm (387 words)

	Vineyard Gazette - News
		It's been a common shorthand for years to describe the Minnesingers, the elite performing ensemble of the Martha's Vineyard Regional High School, as a singing group that also dances.
		This year's ensemble lacked the sheer vocal horsepower of some Minnesingers groups we can recall, but their phrasing was full, their attacks immaculate and their enunciation clear.
		For all the madness that must have been going on backstage (another medal goes to stage manager Jeff Caruthers), the show was a seamless experience for the audience, because it had so expertly been interspersed with solo and duo numbers, giving the cast time to change.
	www.mvgazette.com /news/2003/05/09/minnesingers_broadway.php (1151 words)

	Vineyard Gazette - Features
		An elite group of high school students who practice weekly outside of class, the Minnesingers are Vineyard ambassadors who perform at home and around the globe.
		As is the tradition, Minnesingers alumnae were invited to come up on stage and join in singing the familiar and classic Christmas piece.
		The Minnesingers repeated the performance in a family matinee on Sunday.
	www.mvgazette.com /features/?story=20051223_minnesingers&format=print (602 words)

	MVTimes Online - The Martha's Vineyard Times: Island News Now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Dan Murphy conducts the Minnesingers at the Old Whaling Church on Dec. 10.
		Minnesingers Paige McCarthy (left) and Alicia Roberts sing to a standing-room-only crowd at last Friday's concert.
		Under the direction of Dan Murphy, the Minnesingers performed Benjamin Britten’s “A Ceremony of Carols.” Between the procession and recession are 10 movements, many dealing with the birth of Christ.
	www.mvtimes.com /calendar/music.html (195 words)

	Comparative Arts: A CyberEd Course: Part 4: Medieval Music: P.3
		The jongleurs of the 11th century were not of noble birth as were most of the later troubadours, trouveres, and minnesingers, but they were welcomed in every castle and abbey.
		Under the patronage of the feudal nobility, lyrical music was to bloom in the 12th and 13th centuries into the full-fledged art of the troubadours, trouveres, and minnesingers.
		At the end of each strophe, or group of lines, was a melodic appendage, which served as a refrain much like the alleluias between the verses of psalms and hymns.
	www.uml.edu /Dept/History/ArtHistory/compart/4med3.html (834 words)

	Beverly Hills High School
		The BHHS Minnesingers were founded 39 years ago as a mixed chorus and were reincarnated (after a little time off) seven years ago as a Women's chorus.
		Several weeks later, the Minnesingers took home four first place honors at the Heritage Music Festival in Anaheim, where they also were invited to a national Festival of Gold in New York City.
		In 2002, Minnesingers took 1st place Gold at the Heritage Music festival in Las Vegas, Nevada, and they were awarded the Spirit Award for their enthusiastic support of others in the festival and for their outstanding communication onstage.
	bhhs.beverlyhills.k12.ca.us /performing_arts/minne.jsp (470 words)

	Northvegr - Song and Legend From the Middle Ages
		Their extraordinarily large number may be gathered from the fact that from the twelfth century alone the names of one hundred and sixty Minnesingers have come down to us.
		Their names and their songs have been handed down largely by tradition, since the mass of them could neither read nor write, and for a century or more their work was preserved orally.
		The Minnesinger generally composed the music of his song at the same time with the verse.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/song/004_11.php (489 words)

	Hans Sachs
		troubadours, minnesingers developed their own style in the 13th and 14th cent.
		He had no idea that there could be any fixed relation between matter and form, and in no writer of the sixteenth century is the want of aesthetic culture which characterizes the epoch so apparent.
		Although a Protestant, he had not the combative temperament of Hutten or a Manuel; his poetry was not inspired by indignation, and he retained his poetical composure in the midst of the troublous times in which he wrote.
	www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com /Hymns_and_Carols/Biographies/hans_sachs.htm (2606 words)

	Minnesinger - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Minnesinger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Dietmar von Aist, Friedrich von Hausen, Heinrich von Morungen, Reinmar, and Walther von der Vogelweide were well-known Minnesingers.
		The history of the Godfreys and the Minnesingers can evidently not cover the life of the peoples.
		The old Bards and Minnesingers had advantages which we do not possess -- and Thomas Moore, singing his own songs, was, in the most legitimate manner, perfecting them as poems.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Minnesinger (241 words)

	www.myspace.com/minnesinger
		The music here is traditional, and is performed the way the Minnesingers wrote it - history was kind to their songs, and many survived to this day.
		Not much is known about his life, which is a pity, as he was one of the most individual and out-standing personalities in the entire Minnesinger 'pantheon'.
		What is known is that his sharp wit and ruthless sense of humor made him many enemies both in and out of court, and he struck back by writing them into his songs - names and all - and having the last laugh at their expense.
	myspace.com /minnesinger (901 words)

	Greatest of Centuries 11
		While the poets of South Germany and of Italy sang of love that was of the loftiest description, never mingled with anything of the merely sensual, their tuneful trifles are quite as satisfying to the modern ear in both sense and sound as any of the more elaborate vers de société of the modern times.
		Chaytor says in the introduction to his Troubadours of Dante, there came a gradual change over the mind of the Troubadour about the beginning of the Thirteenth Century and "seeing that love was the inspiring force to good deeds," the later Troubadours gradually dissociated their love from the object which had aroused it.
		Among them, "as among the Minnesingers, love is no longer sexual passion, it is rather the motive to great works, to self-surrender, to the winning an honorable name as Courtier and Poet." Mr.
	www2.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/walsh-k.htm (2345 words)

	Minnesang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		People who wrote and performed Minnesang are known as Minnesingers (Minnesänger).
		As a reward for his service, Walther von der Vogelweide was given a fief by the Emperor Frederick II.
		In the 15th century Minnesang developed into and gave way to the tradition of the Meistersingers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minnesang (870 words)

	Music - Culture - Germany - Europe
		In the 12th century the mystic abbess Hildegard of Bingen wrote stirring compositions and hymns that sought to free musical expression from narrow conventions.
		From the 12th century to the 14th century, wandering nobles and knights called minnesingers wrote and recited courtly love poems in the tradition of French troubadours and trouveres.
		Of the approximately 160 known minnesingers from this time period, the most famous are Walther von der Vogelweide and Reinmar von Hagenau.
	www.countriesquest.com /europe/germany/culture/music.htm (1124 words)

	HOASM: The Site Guide
		From the beginning of the Twelfth Century, the composers of secular song (the knightly troubadours, trouvères and Minnesingers) and of vocal and instrumental dance music also began to make use of polyphonic settings.
		The climax of this development of polyphony was reached in the French Ars Nova of the Fourteenth Century, with Guillaume de Machaut (died 1377) as its leading master.
		Mastersingers flourished as a bourgeois echo of the Minnesingers.
	www.hoasm.org /HOASMGuide.html (1471 words)

	untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Mechthild was a Beguine who wrote in a very specific style that of the Minnesingers, the poets of courtly love.
		In the tradition of courtly love, there are several paradoxes: the female love object is, as a rule, the wife of another man, yet this relationship is celebrated as being a source of higher morality, despite the religious ideals of monogamy.
		The woman, for the minnesinger, is not just one nice person among many; she is absolutely unique.
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~janzb/courses/rel3432/mechthild1.htm (420 words)

	Savonlinna Opera Festival - Tannhauser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tannhäuser is a knight and minnesinger who has spent a year under the spell of Venus, the goddess of love.
		He nevertheless feels it is now time to leave her and to return to the human world.
		To celebrate his return, a singing competition is held for the greatest minnesingers of their day in the Wartburg castle.
	www.operafestival.fi /en/operas/synopsis/tannhauser.html (222 words)

	Metropolitan Opera International Radio Broadcast Information Center - 2006-07 Broadcasts
		Los minnesingers eran elementos importantes en la vida cortesana alemana entre los siglos XII y XIV.
		Los minnesingers expresaban musicalmente estos ideales en sus canciones.
		Cinco de los minnesingers literalmente cantaron alabanzas a Landgrave Hermann; mas Heinrich von Ofterdingen elogió a su maestro, el Duque Leopoldo.
	www.operainfo.org /broadcast/operaBackground.cgi?id=96&language=2 (1050 words)

	Neuschwanstein Castle - Castle - Rooms - Dining Room
		His meals were transported from the kitchen three floors below by means of a manually operated lift.
		On the table a centrepiece sculpture of Siegfried fighting the dragon, on the walls scenes showing minnesingers in the Wartburg (F. Piloty and J. Aigner).
		In the year 1207, the Thuringian landgrave Hermann is said to have invited competitors to the "Singers' Contest" on the Wartburg near Eisenach.
	www.neuschwanstein.de /english/castle/rooms/dining.htm (200 words)

	Hymnology: Meistersinger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Meistersingers were a German craftsmen guild of the 15th and 16th centuries which cultivated both a literary and musical heritage based on medieval legends.
		A continuation of the aristocratic minnesingers from the 12th and 13th centuries, the Meistersingers organized schools and guilds in many German cities in order to teach and pass on their traditions.
		The term is derived from the medieval German, 'bar,' which was a multi-stanza poem where each stanza was divided into two parts: the 'stollen' (a a) and the 'abgesang' (b).
	www.smithcreekmusic.com /Hymnology/Lutheran.Hymnody/Meistersinger.html (235 words)

	pathetic.org :: poetry dictionary
		Members of various German trade guilds formed in the 15th and 16th centuries by merchants and craftsmen for the cultivation of poetry and music, succeeding the minnesingers.
		In the Middle Ages, the general term for a performer who subsisted by reciting verse and singing, usually accompanied by a harp.
		A metaphor whose elements are either incongruent or contradictory by the use of incompatible identifications, such as "the dog pulled in its horns" or "to take arms against a sea of troubles." NOTE: The effect of a mixed metaphor can be absurd as well as sublime.
	www.pathetic.org /dictionary.php?s=M (1883 words)

	minnesinger — Infoplease.com
		, minnesingers developed their own style in the 13th and 14th cent.
		Reinmar von Zweter - Reinmar von Zweter, c.1200–c.1260, German minnesinger.
		Walther von der Vogelweide - Walther von der Vogelweide, c.1170–c.1230, German minnesinger of noble birth, probably the...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/ent/A0833320.html (159 words)

	Schnittke: Choir Concerto, Minnesang & Voices of Nature
		Written in 1984/5, it is scored for a very large choir and for this recording Holst Singers were augmented by large contingents of London's finest singers.
		Like Wagner (in Tannhäuser) and Richard Strauss (in Guntram), Schnittke was attracted to the poetry and music of the minnesingers, the German medieval tradition of courtly lyrics and secular monophony.
		At first he planned to write an instrumental piece (intended for his third violin concerto) based on songs by the minnesingers, but he later rejected this idea and decided to keep these vocal melodies for vocal music.
	www.hyperion-records.co.uk /details/67297.asp (540 words)

	The Walther von der Vogelweide Biography Page on Classic Cat
		Therefore the name was meaningfully only in the near vicinity, where only one Vogelweide existed or it was understood as a metaphoric surname of the singer.
		Hörner proved that the still existing farmhouse Weid is indeed the mentioned Vogelweidhof and collected arguments for Walther being born in the Waldviertel which he published 1974 in his book 800 Jahre Traunstein (800 years Traunstein), e.g.
		This origin would be in contradiction to the fact, that Walther couldn’t visit his homeland for many decades.
	www.classiccat.net /vogelweide_w_von_der/biography.htm (1936 words)

	Walther von der Vogelweide
		This origin would account for what is known of Walther's early life.
		Tirol was at this time the home of several noted Minnesingers; and the court of Vienna, under the enlightened duke Frederick I of the house of Babenberg, had become a center of poetry and art.
		Here it was that the young poet learned his craft under the renowned master Reinmar the Old, whose death he afterwards lamented in two of his most beautiful lyrics; and in the open handed duke he found his first patron.
	www.nndb.com /people/091/000103779 (882 words)

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