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Topic: Minoan Crete

	Minoan civilization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Minoans raised cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, and grew wheat, barley, vetch, chickpeas, cultivated grapes figs, olives, and grew poppies, for poppyseed and perhaps opium.
		The Minoans knew domesticated bees, and adopted pomegranates and quinces from the Near East, though not lemons and oranges as is often imagined.
		Minoan sacred symbols include the bull and its horns of consecration, the labrys (double-headed axe), the pillar, the serpent, the sun-disk, and the tree.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minoan_civilization (2627 words)

	Minoan civilization -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Crete is a mountainous (A land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water) island with natural (A place of refuge and comfort and security) harbors.
		Since the Minoan eruption is one of the largest on record, archaeologists and geologists have been arguing over why there is such a big gap between the radiocarbon date of the eruption (1628 BC by bristlecone pines and 1645 BC by the Greenland ice sheets) and the date of the fall of the Minoans (c.
		In the Early Minoan period ceramics were characterised by linear patterns of (Flying downward in a helical path with a large radius) spirals, triangles, curved lines, (A cross as an emblem of Christianity; used in heraldry) crosses, fishbone motifs and such.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mi/minoan_civilization.htm (2368 words)

	History of Minoan Crete
		The island of Crete is located in the center of the eastern Mediterranean at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Europe.
		Crete's largest modern town is Heraklion (35° 20' latitude, 25° 08' longitude) and its landscape oscillates between tall, rugged mountains, gentle slopes, and plateaus, which are framed by the Aegean coast line to the North, and the Lybian Sea to the south.
		The theory argues that the earthquakes destroyed the palaces, tsunamis obliterated the fleet and peers of the Minoans, and the volcanic ash of Thera covered the whole island destroying crops and suffocating animals.
	www.ancient-greece.org /history/minoan.html (2135 words)

	History of Crete, Neolithic and Minoan Crete, the occupation period
		It has not been clear yet why the Minoan palaces were deserted: by a volcanic eruption that happened at Santorini island, bringing a tidal wave, by earthquakes, by fire destruction at the Minoan sites, or from the human invasion from the mainland of Greece.
		The population of the island increases, with the infiltration of the Dorians, especially in the West of Crete.
		Crete, because of its position had become the slave-trading capital of the East Mediterranean and a constant threat for the Byzantine Empire.
	www.explorecrete.com /history/crete-history.html (2153 words)

	Temple of the Sacred Spiral - Cretan religion
		It is believed that the Minoan Pantheons composed of the remnants of a former aniconic cult (the cult of the pillar), together with the central female divinity (the mother Goddess) whose attributes were snakes or beasts.
		The raised wings of the bird Goddesses are a gesture of epiphany for the Goddess, particularly in Crete.
		The male aspect of divinity as symbolised in Neolithic Crete by the crescent horns of the bull or by a male animal the bull, ram or stag.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/palette/187/cretanreligion.html (5681 words)

	Middle Minoan Crete
		The earliest Minoan pottery from the Dodecanese (the Serraglio on Kos, Ialysos/Trianda on Rhodes) and the coast of Western Anatolia (Iasos, Miletus, Knidos) is probably also of this period.
		It is against this backdrop of marked Minoan cultural expansion in the early Neopalatial period that, in the opinion of most specialists, the later Greek traditions of a Minoan thalassocracy (or sea-empire) must be evaluated for their potential historicity.
		Antechambers are rarely if ever present in Minoan chamber tombs, in marked contrast with the situation in Egypt where the antechamber of such a tomb remained open so that sacrifices and offerings could be made to the dead.
	projectsx.dartmouth.edu /history/bronze_age/lessons/les/10.html (4327 words)

	Minoan Culture, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Little was known about Minoan culture before the discovery (1900) of a great palace at Knossos by the British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans, who named the culture it represented Minoan, in association with Minos the legendary king.
		The destruction of Knossos and the collapse of Minoan culture coincided with the beginning of the most flourishing period of Mycenaean civilization in Greece; this coincidence suggests that the warlike Mycenaeans attacked and destroyed the Minoan civilization.
		Excavations on Crete after 1900 revealed some 3000 clay tablets inscribed with two scripts, called Linear A and Linear B. The earlier of the two, employed by the Minoans, was Linear A and it was already flourishing about 1750 BC; it has not been deciphered.
	www.levity.com /mavericks/minoan.htm (487 words)

	----- MINOAN CIVILIZATION, BRONZE AGE CULTURE IN CRETE, GREECE -----
		Very little was known about Minoan Crete before the great excavations of Greek and foreign archaeologists that began about 1900, and the discovery of the palaces of Knossos and Phaestos, with their astonishing architecture and wonderful finds.
		The Minoan pantheon always has the mother goddess as its main element, and the use of sacred symbols (the sacred horns and the double axe) becomes general.
		The deities were worshipped in sanctuaries in the palaces, houses or countryside, in the peak sanctuaries and in sacred caves.
	www.dilos.com /region/crete/min_cul.html (2904 words)

	Lost Continent of Atlantis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Crete, now part of Greece, was the capital for the Minoan people — an advanced civilization with language, commercial shipping, complex architecture, ritual and games.
		The Minoans were peaceful: very little evidence of military activity was found in their ruins.
		Minoan culture extended across the island of Crete, with most of its developments along the northern coast of Crete.
	www.laketech.com /AD_LC.HTML (1106 words)

	ipedia.com: Minoan civilization Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Minoans were an ancient civilization on what is now Crete (in the Mediterranean), during the Bronze Age, prior to classical Greek culture.
		The newer tablets span a period from 1400 BC to 1150 BC and were deciphered in 1952 by Michael Ventris and John Chadwick, who identified the language, Linear B, as an early Greek dialect.
		Minoan art suggests that the Minoans may have worshipped a Mother Goddess who was the Goddess of Fertility, Animals, Cities, Households, Harvests, and the Underworld.
	www.ipedia.com /minoan_civilization.html (1341 words)

	Minoan Crete
		Her son, Minos, became the powerful king of Crete, who established a strong navy and an empire in the Aegean Sea.
		As to the Cretan Bull, Minos was embarrassed that his wife had a monstrous offspring with his prized animal, so the Minoan king gave away the bull to Heracles, when the hero came to fetch the Cretan Bull as part of 7th Labour to Eurystheus.
		Crete was probably the eponym of the island; though, some says that Crete was the daughter of Europa and Asterius.
	www.timelessmyths.com /classical/crete.html (3869 words)

	Minoan Culture, a Discussion by Frederick John Kluth of Kent, Ohio
		In the Minoan culture it was the priestesses that held sway.
		Minoan civilization is not documented in Greek myth and it is for that reason that the work of Sir Arthur Evans in Crete brought such a surprise.
		The term "Minoan" comes from the semi-legendary king Minos of Knossos, who is said to have built the first Cretan fleet, cleared the seas of pirates, won command of the Aegean, and colonized the Cyclades (the Aegean islands north of Crete), installing his sons to rule over them.
	www.fjkluth.com /minoan.html (10371 words)

	Minoan civilization -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Crete became the foremost site of Bronze Age culture in the Aegean Sea, and in fact it was the first centre of high civilization in that area, beginning at the end of the 3rd millennium…
		The rugged Greek island of Crete (or Kríti) in the eastern Mediterranean was the seat of ancient Minoan culture.
		Crete was one of the stepping-stones by which the arts and sciences of Egypt and Asia passed over to Europe.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9052873 (839 words)

	Minoan civilization on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The culture was divided by Sir Arthur Evans into three periods that include the whole of the Bronze Age: Early Minoan (c.3000 BC-2200 BC), Middle Minoan (c.2200 BC-1500 BC), and Late Minoan (c.1500 BC-1000 BC).
		Early Minoan saw the slow rise of the culture from a neolithic state with the importation of metals, the tentative use of bronze, and the appearance of a hieroglyphic writing.
		In the Middle Minoan period the great palaces appeared at Knossos and Phaestus; a pictographic script (known as Linear A) was used; ceramics, ivory carving, and metalworking reached their peak; and Minoan maritime power extended across the Mediterranean.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/Minoanci.asp (501 words)

	World History: Ancient History: Minoans: The Minoans of Crete: HistoryWiz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Minoans were in one sense the first "Greek" civilization.
		The Minoans had a fleet to protect their trade ships from pirates, but probably not a military navy.
		The civilization was based on the island of Crete, and expanded to other island cities in the Mediterranean.
	www.historywiz.com /minoancrete.htm (184 words)

	Minoan Pottery - Art History - KinderArt
		The most generally accepted theory is that there was a catastrophic explosion of Thera - the volcanic island located north of Crete - accompanied by a rain of volcanic matter, a tidal wave and an earthquake on Crete itself.
		Around 1450 BC, the Myceneans came to Crete and took over the administration of the island, rebuilding the palaces and playing an active role in what was left of Minoan life.
		During the years following the great disaster of 1500 BC and the takeover of 1450 BC, although Minoan social, religious and artistic patterns seem to have been broken up, the arts and crafts of these people did not completely disappear (they were just altered slightly and added to by the Myceneans).
	www.kinderart.com /arthistory/crete.shtml (732 words)

	Entrance to the shrine of the Minoan Snakegoddess, Crete, Cretan religion
		PO-TI-NI-JA The most apparent characteristic of Minoan religion was that it was polytheistic and matriarchal, that is, a goddess religion; the gods were all female, not a single male god has been identified until later periods.
		The rapid growth of industry on Crete included skilled craftswomen and entrepreneurs, and the large, top-heavy bureaucracy and priesthood seems to have been equally staffed with women.
		most apparent characteristic of Minoan religion was that it was polytheistic and matriarchal, that is, a goddess religion; the gods were all female, not a single male god has been identified until later periods.
	inanna.virtualave.net /snakegoddess.html (2158 words)

	Themes in the Bird Art of Pagan Minoan Crete
		In Minoan art, a complex of signs including certain birds in certain contexts represents the renewal of nature and the appearance or implied presence of the divine.
		This was the equivalent of a northern European spring, and for neighboring Crete, the time for autumn crocuses and lilies in the mountains.
		What we see in all of her manifestations is the use of specific natural symbols to indicate a divine epiphany, and a set of cult practices designed around the natural processes of life.
	www.widdershins.org /vol8iss6/07.htm (1414 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2000.05.17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The initiators of the First Colloquium on Post-Minoan Crete should be congratulated for the idea of organizing a Colloquium specifically dedicated to this subject; the second colloquium has already taken place (this time on Crete, in 1998).
		Turner rightly points out that this object reflects the complexities of Crete's relations abroad; an association with the cult of Athena or Artemis is tempting but not at all certain.
		The volume is beautifully produced and carefully edited (with the exception of occasional mistakes in Greek texts and the lack of an index); in some cases one has the impression that the space assigned to the papers (5-13 pages) was too short for the development of an argument.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2000/2000-05-17.html (2011 words)

	Minoans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Minoan Crete - Neolithic Times - 4th Century BCE
		Minoan Crete - Pre-Palace Period (2600 - 1900 BCE)
		Minoan Crete - Sub Minoan Period (1100 - 900 BCE)
	www.boundaryschools.com /perley/kencon/pages/Minoans.html (58 words)

	Greek-islands.net - Greek Islands Net is an excellent entrance to all travel information on this Greek Island.
		Crete is situated in the south of Greece.
		Crete is a different world compared to other parts of Greece.
		Crete is a place with its own tradition, its own character and its own dialect.
	www.greek-islands.net /crete.html (284 words)

	Minoan Crete \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Around 1900 B.C., during the Middle Minoan period, Minoan civilization on Crete reached its apogee with the establishment of centers, called palaces, that concentrated political and economic power, as well as artistic activity, and may have served as centers for the redistribution of agricultural commodities.
		The Minoans on Crete employed two types of scripts, a hieroglyphic script whose source of inspiration was probably Egypt, and a linear script, Linear A, perhaps inspired by the cuneiform of the eastern Mediterranean.
		Eventually, by the beginning of the eleventh century B.C., the Minoan culture on Crete was in decline.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/mino/hd_mino.htm (649 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Minoans: Life in Bronze Age Crete (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although the Minoan civilization had its origins as long as five thousand years ago and had come to an end by 1000 BC, we nevertheless have a very clear idea of what the Minoan people looked like.
		He makes the argument that just like Egypt and Assyria, monumental temples existed on Crete and these are the so-called "palaces" However, every other major civilization in the Bronze Age had monumental structures that housed the rulers of the state, and why should Minoan Crete be any different there either.
		Most people of Crete were the same and went on living as they had been in Minoan times.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/041508833X?v=glance (1915 words)

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