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Topic: Minority cabinets

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	Minority government - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A minority government, or a minority cabinet, is a cabinet of a parliamentary system which does not represent a majority in the parliament — or in bicameral parliaments, in that chamber whose confidence is considered most crucial.
		Minority governments ruled Canada from 1921 to 1930, 1957 to 1958, 1962 to 1968, 1972 to 1974, 1979 to 1980 and currently in 2004, the Liberals have been elected into a minority government.
		Minority governments are more common in countries using proportional representation systems, where it seldom occurs that one single party wins a majority of their own.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minority_government (780 words)

	Coalition government - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a cabinet in parliamentary government in which several parties cooperate.
		Cabinets based on a coalition with majority in the parliament ideally are more stable and longlived than minority cabinets.
		Coalition cabinets are common in countries where the parliament is proportionally representative for several political parties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coalition_government (933 words)

	[No title]
		In the former situation parties have to cooperate in order to bring about a cabinet in the first place, in the latter they have to cooperate in order to sustain the cabinet when policy has to be made and when joint reactions have to be developed to deal with unforeseen political events.
		The study of cabinet formation and stability is among the most intensly studied topics in political science, albeit not often together in an integrated theoretical and empirical framework.
		A long line of research tied the stability of cabinets to the type of party systems, especially with regard to the different electoral rules in different countries and the effect this has on the number of parties in their parliaments.
	www.uu.nl /uupublish/onderzoek/onderzoekcentra/ics/researchprograms/cooperationinsoc/abstracts/abstractpaper/19415_259.html (1376 words)

	1923, March 16. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Power was officially shared between the king and the cabinet, but British influence remained substantial.
		Although the form of government was parliamentary, the king appointed the cabinets and scheduled the elections.
		In the coming years, the king often abused this power by dismissing popularly elected governments and installing minority cabinets to rule until new elections were unavoidable.
	www.bartleby.com /67/2355.html (339 words)

	Coalition_government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It does not appear at all in countries where the cabinet is chosen by the president rather than the lower house (such as France, the United States and Russia).
		Sometimes a coalition government is also created in times of large difficulties, for example war, to give the government a high degree of political legitimacy and acceptability diminishing internal political strife.
		This is because coalitions would be comprised of different parties with differing beliefs, who may not always agree on the correct path for governmental policy.
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Coalition_government (681 words)

	Prussia's Role during the Weimar Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Later cabinets, who could not be sure of a supportive majority in the Reichstag, dealt with this problem by replacing the "vote of confidence" with a "vote of tolerance", which was more more likely to find a majority in most cases.
		Thus, cabinets that were tolerated by a majority of the Reichstag could come into power, but at the same time lack a majority supporting their policy.
		After the war, Braun belonged to the first and the second Prussian cabinet as the minister for agriculture until he was appointed prime minister on March 29, 1920.
	www.informatik.hu-berlin.de /~goebel/ha/ha_prussia.htm (3123 words)

	Notes on Cabinets: Concentration versus Sharing of executive power by Lijphart, Arend, Patterns of Democracy 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Given that minority governments are not usually “majority governments in disguise” – that is, governments that have support in the legislature from parties not in government, they are usually consensual, having to construct majorities for new proposals.
		In parliamentary systems, power means participation in the cabinet, and maximum power means holding as many of the cabinet positions as possible.
		To enter the cabinet, a minority party will have to team up with one or more other parties, but it will resist the inclusion of unnecessary parties in the coalition because this would reduce its share of ministers in the cabinet”.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~sann2300/041119-ceg-government-policy-lijphart-patterns6.shtml (705 words)

	CERGE-EI: Publications
		Any member of the pre-agreed cabinet coalition can threaten its colleague parties with withdrawal from negotiations, establish a new coalition, and thus change the utility of all parties.
		First, for any feasible cabinet coalition I predict what would be the corresponding distribution of rewards among all parliamentary parties, using the adjusted proportionality hypothesis.
		Then I proceed to the first stage; as a prediction of the new cabinet I choose a coalition whose members have the weakest reward incentives to leave.
	www.cerge-ei.cz /publications/dissertations/krejci_dissertation.asp (689 words)

	Pattaya Mail - Vol. XII No. 11 - Friday March 12 - March 18 , 2004 Kids Corner
		Ethnic minority children are among the most vulnerable and marginalized groups in the world and global action is urgently needed to protect their survival and rights, says a new report from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).
		Ethnic minority children generally have lower and inadequate protection in formal justice systems despite being at higher risk of abuse.
		Focus on ethnic minority children in urban and peri-urban situations where they are often isolated from traditional support networks and institutions.
	www.pattayamail.com /554/kids.shtml (1267 words)

	(January 05, 2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is a cabinet that, while largely conservative, is ethnically diverse.
		We want a Jew in the cabinet not only because it promotes minority representation but because it gives our children something to look up to and aspire to.
		Or perhaps he believes American Jews are so much a part of the mainstream they no longer miss having one of their own in the cabinet.
	www.jewishsf.com /bk010105/edit.shtml (324 words)

	Realty Times - Real Estate News and Advice
		Home cabinets used to be designed and built on site, but now they are mostly made in factories where the quality can be controlled.
		Stock cabinets cost the least but have less options, semicustom cabinets are made by local manufacturers and are often sold in showrooms, and custom cabinets allow homeowners to decide every detail.
		Usually homeowners spend their time working with the contractors rather than the cabinet makers, so they should choose a contractor that has a relationship with the showroom.
	realtytimes.com /rtnews/rtcpages/19981202_briefs.htm (2400 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		MINOR DEVIATIONS/EXCEPTIONS TO SPECIFICATIONS: Minor deviations from the provisions of these specifications may be considered to permit manufacturers to follow their standard manufacturing processes; however, all proposed minor deviations must be explained in detail and submitted within the exceptions to specifications, time frame identified herein 6.
		Questions regarding the Minority Business Plan may be directed to the Office of Minority Affairs at (828) 250--4120 or to the City of Asheville Purchasing Division Office at (828) 259-5950.
		It is the policy of the City to (1) provide minorities an equal opportunity to participate in all aspects of its contracting and procurement programs and (2) prohibit any and all discrimination against persons or businesses in pursuit of these opportunities.
	www.ci.asheville.nc.us /biddocuments/Rfq6259.doc (1636 words)

	AsianWeek.com: Opinion: Lead Editorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The API community had long been denied representation in presidential cabinets in part because of a lack of a potent and unified national political base.
		Some have argued that cabinet secretaries appointed by President Bush do not hold philosophies that are consistent with the communities they are supposed to reflect and thus, cannot be truly counted as appointments of color.
		By creating the most ethnically diverse cabinet in U.S. history, especially with the appointments of two Asian Americans, President Bush has now set a tone and standard to which all future presidential administrations will be compared.
	www.asianweek.com /2001_01_26/opinion2_leadedit.html (379 words)

	Kentucky: Governor Ernie Fletcher - 051104minoritieswomen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Effective July 1, 2004 Governor Ernie Fletcher raised the targeted hiring goal for minority employment from 7.51 percent to 10 percent based on the 2000 census data for Kentucky.
		This is the first time in more than six years that the minority hiring goal had been changed.
		Two cabinets exceeded the goals for minority and female employment.
	governor.ky.gov /mediaroom/pressreleases/051104minoritieswomen.htm (337 words)

	Coalition government could lessen problems in Zanzibar
		Karume might also be drawing up his cabinet list, which will of course not include any CUF legislature, because CCM is not ready to share powers with the opposition.
		No matter how seriously he will be committed to the development of the area, wananchi in the same area might be able to recognize the achievements, simply because ’their sons or daughters’ are not working with the same government.
		Political analysts say that cabinets based on a coalition with majority in the parliament ideally are more stable and long-lived than minority cabinets.
	www.ippmedia.com /ipp/guardian/2005/11/04/53359.html (979 words)

	UNO Faculty Senate
		Minority numbers were generally maintained at their past low levels although enrolled African Americans numbers were down.
		The Chancellor added that in response to critical assessments of minority recruitment and retention, she is forming a Native American Cabinet which will take its place beside the African American and Hispanic Cabinets which help her with minority issues.
		I also reported on the Senate retreat during which our observations about minority students met with a bit of discomfort on the part of the administration.
	www.unomaha.edu /facsen/archives/minutes.index/2004_2005/04_9_ms.htm (1529 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Bread and Democracy in Greece (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		...This prospect was reportedly not unpleasing to the American Embassy, which had always 'found Venizelos a most agreeable man, ready to renew on the formation of each new cabinet under his prime ministership all the promises he had made after forming the previous ones...
		...Venizelos attempted to secure a vote of confidence for an all-Liberal cabinet, and, when he failed, was persuaded by the palace to form a coalition with Papandreou and Tsaldaris...
		...Nevertheless, Venizelos managed to continue as the Prime Minister of a succession of minority cabinets, in collaboration with Papandreou and later alone, and to persuade a parliamentary majority to tolerate them on one basis or another...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V13I1P20-1.htm (4922 words)

	Can government survive latest coalition crisis? - 21-02-2005 - Radio Prague
		Should the Christian Democrats leave, the Social Democrats would be left with a minority government - one that would depend on the support of the parliamentary party closest to it - the Communists.
		If the Christian Democrats leave, and the Freedom Union stay, the new two-party coalition would have a mere 80 seats and would be forced to seek support from other parties to push through every single bill or proposal.
		Minorities and public broadcasting: are they being presented properly?
	www.radio.cz /en/issue/63634 (1383 words)

	Weimar Germany and the Rise of the Nazis
		Another revolt instigated in Berlin by the Spartacus League, a group of left-wing extremists, was crushed by the army in January 1919.
		The cabinet crises of the depression years led to increased experimentation with authoritarian methods of rule.
		The Reichstag, purged and intimidated, passed the act by a vote of 441 to 84, thereby according Hitler's cabinet dictatorial powers for a period of 4 years.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Weimar.html (4769 words)

	propaganda: III Reich 2
		The country was governed either by unpopular minority cabinets, by internally weak Grand Coalitions, or, finally, by extra-parliamentary authoritarian Presidential Cabinets.
		Eight and a half months was the average life-span of a cabinet throughout the Republic's short life.
		Bloody fights and street brawls marked the debate with the left-wing 'enemy', embroiling the country in a minor civil war which cost about three hundred lives every year.
	www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk /MUHome/cshtml/propaganda/pol4.html (1852 words)

	East Germany - Problems of Parliamentary Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany split as most members joined the Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands--KPD), formed in December 1918, and the remainder reunited with the SPD.
		After 1920 the era of unpopular minority cabinets began.
		In the summer of 1923, President Ebert asked Gustav Stresemann, the DVP chairman, to form a new cabinet coalition to resolve the crisis.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-5046.html (418 words)

	Ólafur Þ
		This can partly be explained by the splits the SDP has suffered, losing its left wing each time.
		The SDP first joined a coalition government (with the PP) in 1934, having supported a PP minority government 1927-31.
		The party has been in government for around two-thirds of the remaining period, holding the premiership in one coalition (Stefánsson, 1947-49) and two minority cabinets (Jónsson, 1958-59; Gröndal 1979-80).
	www.hi.is /~ghk/twopag.htm (1718 words)

	Parliament of Australia: Senate: Papers on Parliament No 34 - Chapter 4
		For instance, A. Lawrence Lowell wrote in 1896 that it was a self-evident `axiom' that one-party majority cabinets, resulting from plurality elections, were needed for effective policy-making.
		The conventional wisdom argues—erroneously, as I have just shown—that majoritarian systems are better at governing, but admits that PR is better at representing—in particular, representing minority groups and minority interests, representing everyone more accurately, and representing people and their interests more inclusively.
		The fact that there are so many different kinds of ethnic and religious minorities in different countries makes comparisons extremely difficult, and it therefore makes sense to focus on the `minority' of women—a political rather than a numerical minority—that is found everywhere and that can be compared systematically across countries.
	www.aph.gov.au /SENATE/pubs/pops/pop34/c04.htm (5697 words)

	Mer-Wil Industries
		Mervin R. Williams founded Mer-Wil Industries, Inc., in 1983 to supply kitchen and bath cabinets to HUD properties throughout the USA.
		Mer-Wil Industries' growth in public sector kitchen cabinet sales ascended to a new level in 1998 when Mer-Wil Industries was awarded a General Service Administration contract for kitchen and bath cabinets -- the first such "schedule" awarded by GSA for kitchen cabinets.
		As a minority Business Enterprise, we are certified by the SBA as an SDB and HUBZone Business.
	merwil.incomsupply.com (270 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Columnists \| Pious we can just about live with. The danger is the thick and the idle ?
		It seems perfectly possible to me that Donald Dewar would simply form a minority government, then dare the Opposition to pitch Scotland into chaos by blocking his legislation.
		Minority cabinets live dangerously, but can survive surprisingly well.
		And suppose Jim Wallace and his Scottish Lib-Dems were tempted to sign a coalition with the SNP.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Columnists/Column/0,5673,311586,00.html (710 words)

	WowEssays.com - Last Luagh
		Analysis Of The Film: The Last Laugh is the last but one expressionistic street film, full of sets that look both realistic and unlikely at the same time, unsettling multiple exposures, fantastic performances particularly Emil Jennings whose weight you can feel on your chest, in a performance through the entire range of emotions.
		Many writers give Carl Mayer, the co-writer on The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and one of the chief minds behind the excellence of German film in the 1920’s, the big share of credit for The Last Laugh.
		In 1923, President Ebert asked Gustav Stresemann, the DVP chairman, to form a new cabinet coalition to resolve the crisis During his brief chancellorship (August-November 1923), he headed the great coalition, an alliance that included the SPD, Center Party, DDP, and DVP.
	www.wowessays.com /dbase/ac3/ena116.shtml (1905 words)

	[No title]
		The U.S. Partisan cabinets Token opposition members¡V Z}Z Z+Z } + ó¨Unusual Cabinets Japan LDP has a majority from 1976 to 1993 Behaves like a minority cabinet attempts to build oversized coalitions to pass legislation ¡:ó¨Cabinets in 36 Democracies¨± Measuring majoritarianism: Average of percentage of minimal winning and one-party cabinets Problematic?
		The President: must select the Deputy President and Ministers from among the members of the National Assembly; may select no more than two Ministers from outside the Assembly.
		Minimal winning coalition > Minority party > Oversized > Minority coalition Caretaker cabinets Short duration of oversized cabinets.
	www.msu.edu /~indridas/week10_2.ppt (531 words)

	MEMORANDUM
		Defer appointment and reappointment of Division I-A nominees, pending submission of an additional ethnic minority nominee to one of the cabinets.
		Deferral of a request to extend for one year the term of Doug Woolard, Saint Louis University, Conference USA, chair of the Amateurism and Agents Subcommittee, pending submission of an additional Division I-A ethnic minority nominee to either of the cabinets.
		Deferral of the appointment and reappointment of Division I-A nominees, pending submission of an addition ethnic minority nominee to one of the cabinets.
	www1.ncaa.org /membership/governance/division_I/management_council/2002/July/19_Add_Cabinet_memo.htm (303 words)

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