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	The United States Mint
		Quarters and dimes are composed of cupro-nickel clad, with a pure copper core, and an outer layer of a 75 percent copper, 25 percent nickel alloy.
		Mint officials recognized the need for a larger five-cent coin because the half-dime was exactly half the size of the dime.
		When the Coinage Act of 1965 was passed, it became mandatory that the Mint continue to use the 1964 date on all 90 percent silver coins (half-dollar coins, quarter-dollar coins, and 10-cent coins).
	www.usmint.gov /faqs/circulating_coins/index.cfm (2885 words)

	Mint - LoveToKnow 1911
		The office of master of the Mint is held by the chancellor of the exchequer for the time being, without salary, but the actual administrative work of the department is entrusted to the deputy master and comptroller.
		Ruding enumerates 128 mints operated at various times in the United Kingdom, including some established by usurpation, as in the reign of Stephen by certain barons, and also mints established by grants to ecclesiastics to be worked for their own profit.
		Turning to mints in British Dominions beyond the Seas, Ruding enumerates twenty-six mints in France and Flanders used by British monarchs between 1186 and 1513, and Anglo-Hanoverian coins were struck at Clausthal, Zellerfeld and Hanover in the period 1714-1837.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Mint (6870 words)

	Mint (coinage) - MSN Encarta
		Mint (coinage) (Latin moneta,”mint” or “money”; derived from Moneta, a surname of the goddess Juno, whose temple at Rome was used for coining money), establishment for making coins, or pieces of metal designed to circulate as money.
		Minting again became chaotic throughout Europe after the collapse of the empire of Charlemagne, Holy Roman emperor, in the 9th century.
		The mints of most countries made both standard and token coins during the 19th century, but with the widespread abandonment of the gold standard between World Wars I and II, standard coins have been withdrawn from circulation in almost every part of the world.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554006/Mint_(coinage).html (548 words)

	Mint (coinage) - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Mint (coinage) (Latin moneta,”mint” or “money”; derived from Moneta, a surname of the goddess Juno, whose temple at Rome was used for coining...
		The Mint establishment of the United States is administered as a division of the United States Treasury Department, with the Director of the Mint as the chief executive officer, having headquarters in Washington.
		Coinage A variety of gold, silver, and copper coins and medals were produced in Segovia, at various mint locations, from 20 B.C. up until 1868, when all minting activities...
	encarta.msn.com /Mint_(coinage).html (211 words)

	Coinage Act, 1792 (The Mint Act)
		And be it further enacted, That the Director of the mint shall employ as many clerks, workmen and servants, as he shall from time to time find necessary, subject to the approbation of the President of the United States.
		The Engraver shall sink and prepare the necessary dies for such coinage, with the proper devices and inscriptions, but it shall be lawful for the functions and duties of Chief Coiner and Engraver to be performed by one person.
		And be it further enacted, That every officer and clerk of the said mint shall, before he enters upon the execution of his office, take an oath or affirmation before some judge of the United States faithfully and diligently to perform the duties thereof.
	www.classbrain.com /artteenst/publish/article_131.shtml (869 words)

	Mint Report for 1850
		The coinage of the principal mint in 1850 amounted to $27,756,445½ in gold, $409,600 in silver, and $44,467½ in copper coins, and was composed of 10,039,535 pieces.
		The coinage at the four mints was $33,892,306, comprising $31,981,738½ in gold, $1,866,100 in silver, and $44,467½ in copper coins, and composed of 14,588,220 pieces.
		Coinage of the mint and branch mints from their organization to the close of the year 1850.
	www.ece.iit.edu /~prh/coins/lib/usmnt/1850/mr.html (1337 words)

	Mint Report for 1886
		In addition to the amount expended from the annual appropriations made by Congress for the support of the mints and assay offices, the sum of $119,976 was expended by two of the coinage mints from the indefinite general appropriation contained in the act authorizing the coinage of the standard silver dollar, passed February 28, 1878.
		In addition to the expenditures of the mints and assay offices, the expenses of the office of the Director of the Mint, including the salaries of officers and employés, expenditures for examinations of mints, for books and incidentals, and on account of Laboratory, were $34,197.85 in 1886, against $37,031.31 in 1885, a reduction of $2,833.46.
		The coinage of the Mint at San Francisco during the fiscal year 1886 was, gold, 3,991,500 pieces of the value of $27,080,000, against 1,236,500 pieces of the value of $20,857,500, in the preceding fiscal year.
	www.ece.iit.edu /~prh/coins/lib/usmnt/1886/index.html (9403 words)

	HISTORY OF I.G.MINT, KOLKATA
		All the coins issued from this mint are in the name of Murshidabad Mint and all bearing same year AH On March' 1824 the foundation of 3rd Calcutta Mint was laid on the Strand Road and was opened for production from 1st August' 1829.
		In 1860 annexe known as "Copper Mint" was built to the north of the Silver Mint intended exclusively for copper coinage.
		Apart from minting of coins another important function of the Kolkata Mint was the manufacturing of Medals and decorations during Bitish regime, which is still continuing, In addition to home consumption of coinage, Calcutta Mint produced coins for countries and estates within and outside India.
	www.igmint.org /hist.htm (485 words)

	U.S. Branch Mints - Coinage of the U.S. Branch Mints
		A knowledge of the Branch Mint coinage is indispensable to an understanding of the greater or less coinage of the Philadelphia Mint and its consequent numismatic value.
		Mint Marks include noble enough game for the most advanced coin hunter, as their rarities are among the highest in value of United States coinage, and their varieties permit the gathering in some issues of as many as six different modern pieces of the same date.
		Mint Marks, therefore, depend primarily for rarity upon a known small coinage, or, what is practically the same, though not as evident, a partial issue only of the amount coined.
	www.chicagocoinclub.org /lib/us/usbm/cusbm.html (1728 words)

	Arrows Coinage & the Mint Act of 1853
		The Coinage Act of Feb. 21, 1853, considered a temporary measure until the value of silver stabilized, lowered the weight (and thus the silver content) of all the silver coins but the dollar and three-cent piece by approximately 7 percent.
		As the Mint Act did not allow for redemption of the coins and there was no possibility of exporting them as there was with the heavier, old tenor coins, oversupply was inevitable—and it came quickly.
		The merits of fiduciary coinage would be debated for the next century, but it was the Arrows coinage of 1853-55 that fired the opening shot in the controversy.
	www.coinsite.com /content/articles/arrwcoin.asp (998 words)

	Barry Berke and the 1933 Double Eagles
		You also cite the Coinage Act of 1965 which, as noted in the brief filed by the Professional Numismatists Guild, legalized the ownership of all coins that were "coined or issued" by the United States.
		However, the Coinage Act of 1873 spells out a way they could have been legally released without being "issued for circulation." The public could walk into the Mint and legally exchange gold bullion for current coin that was kept on hand for that purpose.
		COINage: Although there is no direct mention of it in the settlement agreement, many observers believe the government decided to settle the Fenton case because the Treasury Department issued an export license for the Farouk coin in 1944, theoretically deeming it legal to own.
	www.scvhistory.com /scvhistory/signal/coins/worden-coinage0106b.htm (2454 words)

	GovMint.com - The Philadelphia Mint
		The Philadelphia Mint is known as the “Mother Mint” because all dies for branch mints are prepared there.
		When branch mints were opened, they were given identifying marks or letters that served to denote their place of origin.
		The suggestion of a single federal mint producing uniform coinage was disturbing to some who feared it seemed too much like the British system that they had just rebelled against.
	www.govmint.com /knowledgebase/philadelphiamint.aspx (990 words)

	The United States Coinage - US Mint - US Rare Coin Investments
		The Mint of the United States was established at Philadelphia by resolution of Congress, dated April 2, 1792, and the first coins were struck the following year.
		The latest coin struck at the mint is the five cent nickel piece bearing the head of an Indian chief on the obverse and a Buffalo on the reverse.
		While, as a rule, the form of this gold is the normal one of the usual coin, and in many cases the devices of the national coins were employed with legends suitable to the private character of the issuer, yet a few abnormal shapes are found among them.
	www.usrarecoininvestments.com /collecting/US_coins.htm (1250 words)

	U.S. Treasury - FAQs: Portraits&Designs of Coins
		The use of a mint mark on branch mint coins also ensured recognition of the Mint of issue when received in circulation or returned to the United States Mint.
		Mint marks are hand stamped at the Philadelphia Mint on coinage dies used by the branch Mint facilities.
		All uncurrent or mutilated coins received by the Mint are melted, and the metal is shipped to a fabricator to be recycled in the manufacture of coinage strips.
	www.ustreas.gov /education/faq/coins/portraits.html (2018 words)

	GovMint.com - The New Orleans Mint
		Some of the reasons for establishing these new mints was that large quantities of unrefined gold, silver and other precious metals had to be shipped overland to eastern commercial centers — a journey made difficult due to robberies and other inconveniences.
		Of the three southern mints, New Orleans was considered to be the most important because its geographic location at the mouth of the Mississippi River, which made it the center for trading throughout the Midwest.
		Because the mint was in such a state of disarray, the idea of minting coins was considered out of the question.
	www.govmint.com /knowledgebase/neworleansmint.aspx (888 words)

	British Royal Mint - British Coinage Specifications and Statistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The minting of coins in Britain began in the first century BC, the earliest coins being crude imitations cast in moulds.
		After the Roman Conquest the coinage of Iron Age Britain was brought to an end and thereafter large numbers of Roman coins circulated.
		At the Royal Mint today, traditional skills are still used to create coins of the realm - skills that have been passed down from generation to generation.
	www.royalmint.com /RoyalMint/web/site/Corporate/Corp_british_coinage/british_coinage.asp (192 words)

	Melle, mines, mint, money, coinage, Carolingian coins France French coins
		Charlemagne's coinage ran the gamut, from the initial two line variety to the transitional coinage (image 3 above) which is identified as 'new money' to what became Charlemagne's third coinage and the Carolingian standard of the Charles', with the central reverse KRLS monogram and mint name in the legend.
		Louis' next coinage from Melle had central crosses obverse and reverse, with his name in the legend on the obverse and mint name in the legend on the reverse.
		In the Edict of Pitres (864) Melle was one of the 10 mints authorized to mint coinage.
	home.eckerd.edu /~oberhot/melle.htm (1480 words)

	THE COINAGE ACT OF 1792
		Eagles—each to be of the value of ten dollars or units, and to contain two hundred and forty-seven grains and four eighths of a grain of pure, or two hundred and seventy grains of standard gold.
		The acts establishing and regulating the mint of the United States, and for regulating coins, have been: An act establishing a mint and regulating the coins of the United States passed April 2, 1792, chap.
		14; an act amendatory of an act establishing the branch mint at Danlonega, Georgia, and defining the duties of the assayer and coiner, February 27, 1843, chap.
	landru.i-link-2.net /monques/coinageact.html (1119 words)

	US Mint
		Four US Mint facilities are presently striking coins for circulation in the United States– The Philadelphia Mint, the Denver Mint, the San Francisco Mint, and and the newest US Mint in West Point, New York.
		Four other historic US Mint facilities are long-closed and almost forgotten except by serious US coin collectors who highly prize these official mints located in the Old South before the Civil War.
		The coins of each branch of the US Mint are identified by a small letter on the coins called "mint marks." These marks date back to ancient Greece and Rome.
	us-mint.info (387 words)

	The Irish Coinage of Henry III, 1251 to 1254
		This coinage was also of the same standard as the contemporary English coinage and very similar in appearance to it.
		The English short cross coinage was replaced in 1247 by Henry III with a new long cross issue.
		The coinage consisted only of pennies which were cut in halves and quarters to accommodate the needs of smaller change.
	www.irishcoinage.com /HENRY3.HTM (839 words)

	U.S. Branch Mints - History in Mint Marks
		The Carson City Mint was organized to share with San Francisco something of the burden of coinage which rich mines, rapid growth and the civil war transferred so largely to the West.
		In 1878 its silver coinage was abruptly stopped in every denomination, owing probably to the immense issues of subsidiary coin at Philadelphia for the few preceding years, and in 1885 its coinage of gold yielded to other Mints also.
		The future of the San Francisco and Carson City Mints, as affected by the greatly to be increased coinage capacity of that at Philadelphia, cannot be foretold, but it seems as if their distance from the East and nearness to the mines would, apart from any sectional support, prolong their usefulness.
	www.chicagocoinclub.org /lib/us/usbm/hmm.html (1204 words)

	The First Cent Coinage
		There were lengthy Congressional debates over the form the new coinage was to take but at last, in early April 1792, the coinage bill was signed into law by the President.
		When coinage ceased on March 12, it was because the Mint was out of planchets; Voight had started to make more but had barely begun when public criticism struck hard at the first coinage.
		They were accepted and coinage resumed on April 4; the blanks on hand were all struck by the 19th of the month.
	www.collectorusa.com /articles/1793.php (2186 words)

	THE COINAGE OF THE
		These are normal coins from the Philadelphia and Denver mints, packaged together as full sets of all the coins issued in that year and are sealed in cellophane wrappers.
		From the beginning US coinage was decimal and was built around the dollar and its sub-divisions: half-dollar (50 cents), quarter dollar (25 cents), dime (10 cents), five cent piece and then nickel (5 cents), and the one-cent piece.
		US Mint in the year of issue only, either in proof or silver proof form (both San Francisco only), or ordinary mint sets made up of coins designated for circulation struck at Philadelphia and Denver.
	www.romanbritain.freeserve.co.uk /uscoinage.htm (4954 words)

	Numismatic Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Failure to keep the mint under the control of the treasury, where it belonged, was to create serious problems for the infant mint after 1792 when regular operations commenced.
		It is interesting to note that, while present-day scholars consider the April 2 law as the definitive beginning of the coinage system, mint directors in the 19th century thought that the March 1791 congressional resolution was the more important; a framed copy long held a place of honor in the mint.
		The mint director decided to begin coinage with the half disme, the dies for which were finished, or nearly so, by the time of the July 9 letter.
	coins.heritageauctions.com /features/numisarticles.php?id=262 (3370 words)

	Management of Mint in the Late Roman Republic
		Three issues related to the minting of coinage in the late Roman Republic remain to be mentioned briefly: the existence of ’free coinage,’ the role of provincial governors in coin production and the coinage produced by municipalities.
		It is possible to infer from this that ’free coinage’ existed (at least for an influential and well-connected senator) though the passage might also refer to money on deposit at the mint.
		Whether independent or official, the existence of such coinage demonstrates the complexity of the Roman monetary ’system’ and how difficult it is to reconstruct their financial activities with any certainty or in any detail.
	ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/155445 (6930 words)

	Dahlanega Mint Sets
		Since it is virtually impossible to build this set in mint state condition most collectors seek coins that grade in the extremely fine-40 to about uncirculated-55 range.
		The popularity of the half eagle set stems from the fact that the coins are the largest denomination minted at Dahlonega, are the most available and reasonably priced as a denomination, and make for a large, impressive display.
		In other words, the collector sets out to acquire major die varieties whenever possible in coin purchases, regardless of the type of set one is working on.
	www.goldrushgallery.com /dahlmint/dahl_mint_sets.html (979 words)

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