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Topic: Minuscule

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	Minuscule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Minuscule, or lower case, is the smaller form (case) of letters (in the Roman alphabet: a, b, c,...).
		The minuscule script for the Greek alphabet has its origins in the seventh century and acquired its quadrilinear form in the eighth century.
		In scripts with a case distinction, minuscules are generally used in most texts, and for most of any given text, with majuscules reserved for emphasis and special contexts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minuscule (428 words)

	Encyclopedia: Minuscule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Example from 10th century manuscript Carolingian minuscule is a script developed as a writing standard in Europe so that the Roman alphabet could be easily recognized by the small literate class from one region to another.
		Minuscule, or lower case, is the smaller form of letters (in the Roman alphabet : a, b, c,...).
		Carolingian minuscule is a script developed as a writing standard in Europe so that the Roman alphabet could be easily recognized by the small literate class from one region to another.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Minuscule (1051 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Minuscule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Minuscule, or lower case, is the smaller form (case (A portable container for carrying several objects)) of letter (The conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech) s (in the Roman alphabet (The alphabet evolved by the ancient Romans which serves for writing most of the languages of western Europe) : a, b, c,...).
		It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncial (additional info and facts about half-uncial) s and cursive minuscule, which no longer stay bound between a pair of lines.
		The minuscule script for the Greek alphabet (The alphabet used by ancient Greeks) has its origins in the seventh century and acquired its quadrilinear form in the eighth century (additional info and facts about eighth century).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mi/minuscule.htm (405 words)

	Carolingian minuscule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The new minuscule was disseminated first from Aachen, and later from the influential scriptorium at Tours, France, where Alcuin "retired" as an abbot.
		Though the Carolingian minuscule was superseded by Gothic hands, it later seemed so thoroughly 'classic' to the humanists of the early Renaissance that they took these Carolingian manuscripts to be true Roman ones and modelled their Renaissance hand on the Carolingian one, and thus it passed to the 15
		Indeed 'Carolingian minuscule' is a style of typographic font, which approximates this historical hand, eliminating the nuances of size of capitals, long descenders, etc..
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carolingian_minuscule (1107 words)

	Caroline Minuscule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The development of Caroline Minuscule, or Carolingian minuscule, was a reform which increased the uniformity, clarity and legibility of handwriting.
		Caroline minuscule was not suddenly invented one rainy afternoon.
		Insular minuscule disappeared from the German monasteries of Anglo-Saxon foundation around the mid 9th century and was replaced by Caroline minuscule.
	medievalwriting.50megs.com /scripts/history5.htm (971 words)

	Minuscule Alphabetic Glyphs
		Minuscule "f," similar to tall "s" but with a short horizontal stroke orginating within the vertical stroke; only very rarely does this horizontal become a true "crossing-stroke" by protruding beyond the left edge of the vertical stroke; sometimes, however, it is so short as to be almost swallowed within the vertical stroke.
		Minuscule "r" as usually written, like a modern printed small "r," that is, composed of a minim to which is added a short stroke hooking right at minim headline height.
		The scribe's minuscule "v," distinguished from the "u," which is formed from two minims, by its slanted left stroke, which often begins with a hook, frequently has a leftward-convex curve, and in any case forms a rounded base to the glyph at the minim baseline.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~scriptor/cotton/transcription/minuscule.htm (1533 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Palaeography
		Minuscule character appears suddenly in Greek Manuscripts of the ninth century, at the very time when it was taking root in the West as a consequence of the Carlovingian reform.
		The cursive minuscule may have furnished the elements for this character; it appears, however, chiefly as the continuation of the small uncial, which increases in refinement in the Manuscripts of the eighth century.
		This minuscule prevailed throughout Europe in the twelfth century, and in the sixteenth century, when another reform of writing was inaugurated, the Italian copyists and typographers again used it as a model.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11403a.htm (6899 words)

	Encyclopedia: Carolingian minuscule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Codices, pagan and Christian texts, and educational material were written in Carolingian minuscule throughout the Carolingian Renaissance.
		Example of Carolingian minuscule from 10th century manuscript This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright.
		In languages with a case distinction, minuscules are generally used in most texts, and for most of any given text, with majuscules reserved for emphasis and special contexts.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Carolingian-minuscule (626 words)

	BYZANTIUM: Byzantine Paleography
		The minuscule hand is here complete; and this example, being written with such calligraphic effort, demonstrates most clearly the connection between the cursive writing of the papyri and the literary minuscule of the vellum codices.
		A Minuscule Parchment - Plato, Phaedrus, 895 CE.
		A Minuscule Parchment - Josephus Flavius, Menaeum, On the Maccabees, 1073 CE.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/byzantium/paleog.html (1905 words)

	The Weyl group action on minuscule weights in Maple. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However, in the case of minuscule representations, all weights lie in a single orbit.
		A minuscule representation is an irreducible representation in which all the weights lie in a single Weyl group orbit.
		In fact in some cases we can "see" the irreducibility of the minuscule representation by inspecting the cycle structures of the permutations associated with the Weyl group's elements.
	www4.ncsu.edu /~singer/papers/weyl_permutation.html (438 words)

	CAROLINGIAN MINUSCULE
		Clear capital letters and spaces between words&mdash norms we take for granted— became standard in Carolingian minuscule, which was one result of a campaign to achieve a culturally unifying standardization across the Carolingian Empire.
		The value of a standardized hand is vivid to anyone who has tried to read a paragraph printed in Germanic fl-letter or fraktur typeface, a fact that was not lost on the Nazi government in their attempt to create an isolated, purely 'Germanic' information zone.
		The new minuscule was disseminated first from Aachen, and later from the influential scriptorium at Tours, France, where Alcuin 'retired' as abbot.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/CAROLINGIAN+MINUSCULE (565 words)

	minuscule -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Unlike capitals, minuscules are not fully contained between two real or hypothetical lines; the stems of such ascending letters as b, d, f, h, k, and l range above the upper line, and such descending letters as p and q go below the lower.
		By far the most important development that took place during the 7th–8th-century gap was the introduction of minuscule.
		The organisms can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or the minuscule animals called protozoa.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9052901 (564 words)

	minuscule_weights.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The purpose of this worksheet is to explore the action of the Weyl groups (associated with simple Lie algebras) on weights of representations (particularly minuscule representations).
		If lambda is minuscule, it can be shown that each weight space of V(lambda) is one dimensional.
		The minuscule weights of A4 (all fundamental weights are minuscule for simple Lie algebras of type A).
	www4.ncsu.edu:8030 /~singer/papers/minuscule/minuscule_weights1.html (2869 words)

	Search Results for minuscule - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Although there are many minuscules, most of them come from the 9th century on; a few, however, shed significant light on earlier readings, representing otherwise not well attested texts or textual...
		From about the middle of the 10th century, a smoother, almost mechanical appearance can be noticed in an increasing number of manuscripts; the hands seem more stereotyped, less individual.
		The humanists called the Carolingian minuscule in which most of these sources were...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=minuscule&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (392 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		~curialis : elaborate minuscule document hand used in the papal curia, or administrative offices of the pope, until the 10th century; also known as littera Romana
		~diplomatic minuscule : script used for formal diplomas in Continental Europe, based on Caroline minuscule with elaborate ascenders and descenders
		~set minuscule : used in relation to insular minuscule to designate a formal variety of the script in which letters are carefully formed and well separated
	www.medievalwriting.50megs.com /glossary.htm (4494 words)

	MEDIEVAL MINUSCULE - Online Information article about MEDIEVAL MINUSCULE
		There is a tendency to write more cursively and without raising the pen, as may be seen in the form of the letter a, of which the characteristic shape at this time is a,, with both bows closed, in contrast with the earlier a.
		An exception, however, to this disintegration of minuscule writing in the later centuries is to be observed in church books.
		In these the old set hand of the 12th and 13th centuries was imitated and continued to be the liturgical style of writing.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MEC_MIC/MEDIEVAL_MINUSCULE.html (3410 words)

	Nanomechanical memory demoed TRN 111704
		A team at Boston University has made a minuscule mechanical memory cell from silicon, the stuff of computer chips.
		The memory device is a beam that is clamped at both ends.
		The challenge in making the minuscule memory beam was finding ways to control and observe the its tiny movements, said Mohanty.
	www.trnmag.com /Stories/2004/111704/Nanomechanical_memory_demoed_111704.html (842 words)

	Caroline Minuscule: Products of Culture
		Scholars and other individuals can then spend time and energy on abstract thoughts and the development of arts only if they are not required to spend all of their energy on the mere elements of survival.
		The Minuscule itself was widespread by virtue of prosperity and political stability, which set the seen for another important product of culture in the era, the increased creation, dissemination and reproduction of literature.
		Carolingian Minuscule helped shape another important product of culture, which was the newfound ease of spreading knowledge, sharing ideas, and developing a culture of knowledge.
	homepage.mac.com /etherbob/projects/minuscule/Products_of_Culture.html (378 words)

	Wikinfo \| Minuscule
		Minuscule, or lower case, is the smaller form of letters (in the Roman alphabet: a, b, c,...).
		The modern practice of capitalizing every sentence seems to be imported.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Minuscule (316 words)

	blogHOUSTON - Saavedra's "minuscule" problem in Corpus Christi
		HISD's new superintendent does have a blemish on his previous Corpus Christi superintendent record, but Houston's one major daily paper has not provided readers with much information on it.
		He balanced the outrage of the community with the knowledge that the meals and the maintenance were minuscule parts of a district budget that in 1999 had a general fund of more than $71 million.
		Saavedra worked as the district's superintendent for seven years before he said he was forced to leave because the fallout from an investigation into his expense reports caused him to become ineffective in the role.
	www.bloghouston.net /item/416 (415 words)

	Manuscript Facsimiles
		The most formal, Hybrid minuscule (cursiva hybrida, resembles Half-Uncial, especially in its use of 'oc' a, but uses a slanted pen.
		Insular minuscule became increasingly pointed and calligraphic in aspect.
		It was used both for books and documents, with minuscule even being used for formal liturgical volumes by s.
	www.nd.edu /~medvllib/verlit/duncowscript.html (452 words)

	Minuscule Particles in Cosmetics May Pose Health Risk, - Above Top Secret Conspiracy Community
		Use this board to engage in collaborative discussion and debate on a broad range of conspiracy, extraterrestrial, secret project, government agency, and other alternative topics.
		Members see fewer ads and have access to a wealth of perks and services such as upload space, blogs, webmail, custom features, contests, and more.
		Scientists are so anxious to put out their new discoveries and make a fortune that more frequently than not they rush things onto the market and once the fallout is felt and the damage is done, we have a class action suit, money changes hands and the process starts all over again.
	www.abovetopsecret.com /forum/thread69704/pg#pid716652 (655 words)

	The Schoyen Collection: Palaeography -- 4.3. Latin book scripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		MS in Latin on vellum, Luxeuil, France, early 8th c., 2 ff., 23x15 cm, single column, (17x10 cm), 18 lines in Luxeuil minuscule, initials in Merovingian capitals and Merovingian uncial, 2 decorated initials.
		1100, 1 f., 56x37 cm, 2 columns, (42x27 cm), 37 lines in a fine regular Beneventan minuscule, capitals touched red, small entwined dragon initials, 2 large interlaced dragon initials with ribbons of yellow and red ending in beast-heads of blue and green and with a central creature.
		MS in Latin on vellum, Lake Konstanz Region, Germany, 800-825, 1f., 24x19 cm, single column, (20x14 cm), 17 lines in a transitional Carolingian minuscule showing the influence of local alemannic minuscule, large uncial letters at the beginning of each sentence.
	www.nb.no /baser/schoyen/4/4.4/443_2.html (1904 words)

	MINUSCULE Meaning and Definition - Dictionary - eLook.org
		MINUSCULE Meaning and Definition - Dictionary - eLook.org
		[adjective] lowercase; "little a"; "small a"; "e.e.cummings's poetry is written all in minuscule letters"
		[adjective] very small; "a minuscule kitchen"; "a minuscule amount of rain fell"
	www.elook.org /dictionary/minuscule.html (84 words)

	Minuscule Elements of Weyl Groups - Stembridge (ResearchIndex)
		One class of elements with this property are the dominant minuscule elements rst studied by Dale Peterson (see [P2] and
		0.6: On Minuscule Representations, Plane Partitions and Involutions..
		Stembridge, Minuscule elements of Weyl groups, J. Algebra, to appear.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /292227.html (400 words)

	minuscule - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Minuscule, minuscule : AllWords.com Multi-Lingual Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include minuscule: carolingian minuscule, caroline minuscule, minuscule letter
		Words similar to minuscule: little, miniscule, minuscular, small, tiny, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=minuscule (286 words)

	Abstracts of Recent Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Certain posets associated to a restricted version of the numbers game of Mozes are shown to be distributive lattices.
		The posets of join irreducibles of these distributive lattices are characterized by a collection of local structural properties, which form the definition of d-complete poset.
		In representation theoretic language, the top "minuscule portions" of weight diagrams for integrable representations of simply laced Kac-Moody algebras are shown to be distributive lattices.
	www.math.unc.edu /Faculty/rap/Abstracts.html (376 words)

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