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Topic: Miocene

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	Miocene epoch. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Miocene rocks are found along the Atlantic as far N as Martha’s Vineyard, but the series, everywhere thin, is thickest and least interrupted from New Jersey to Maryland.
		The mammalian life of the Miocene was marked by further stages in the development of the horse, by the multiplication and final extinction of the giant hogs, and by the appearance of the mastodons, raccoons, and weasels.
		In the Miocene a distinct cooling of the climate resulted in the reduction of forests and an increase in grassy plains.
	www.bartleby.com /65/mi/Miocenee.html (477 words)

	AllRefer.com - Miocene epoch (Geology And Oceanography) - Encyclopedia
		Miocene rocks are found along the Atlantic as far N as Martha's Vineyard, but the series, everywhere thin, is thickest and least interrupted from New Jersey to Maryland.
		The mammalian life of the Miocene was marked by further stages in the development of the horse, by the multiplication and final extinction of the giant hogs, and by the appearance of the mastodons, raccoons, and weasels.
		In the Miocene a distinct cooling of the climate resulted in the reduction of forests and an increase in grassy plains.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Miocenee.html (547 words)

	Miocene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Miocene epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23 to 5.3 million years before the present.
		The Miocene follows the Oligocene Epoch and is followed by the Pliocene Epoch.
		The subdivisions within the Miocene are defined by the relative abundance of different species of calcareous nanofossils (calcite platelets shed by brown single-celled algae) and foraminifera (single-celled protists with diagnostic shells).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Miocene (348 words)

	Palaeos Cenozoic: Miocene: The Miocene Epoch
		During the late Miocene the island continent of India slammed into Asia, pushing up the Himalayas and triggering a global cooling that was to culminate in the Pleistocene ice ages.
		Later in the Miocene a distinct cooling of the climate resulted in the further reduction of both tropical and conifer forests, and the flourishing of grasslands and savanna in their stead.
		The Miocene saw the continuation of bioregional provinces in some instances, and great mammal migrations in other cases, as animals that had evolved on different continents during the Eocene and Oligocene spread via land-bridges.
	www.palaeos.com /Cenozoic/Miocene/Miocene.htm (991 words)

	MIOCENE - LoveToKnow Article on MIOCENE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The elevation of the Alps, and probably of the whole Alpine system of mountain folds from Morocco to Indo-China, though initiated by earlier Miocene and late Oligocene movements, took place mainly during the latter part of the Vindobonian period, and was completed in the Sarmatian.
		The Miocene was a period of change, of mountain-building, climatic differentiation hitherto unprecedented, and of moderation in organic life, especially on land.
		The spread of turf-forming grasses was succeeded in the Pontian by an enormous increase of herbivorous mammals, including Hip parion and horned ruminants (Helladotherium, Antilope, Cervus, Camelopardalis, Palaeotragus), whose migrations were facilitated by the desiccation of the Medi terranean basin.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MI/MIOCENE.htm (990 words)

	THE METAL OBSERVER - Band History - MIOCENE
		MIOCENE offstage are quiet, happy to argue amongst themselves and smoke as much weed as they can without simply floating away - but onstage they snap, and become demonic, energized, as if someone flips a switch on their angry machine.
		In the year and a half since MIOCENE exploded onto the UK's incredibly fertile Hardcore/Metal scene, their profile has gone from strength to strength: from being an "insiders-only" secret, playing incendiary live shows in packed venues before a demo was released, to being the most talked-about band London has seen for years.
		The future is bright for MIOCENE too; they are currently holed up in the studio, working on the follow-up album to "Refining The Theory!" (released in December 2000 on Infernal Records), and are once again aiming to push back even more boundaries and expand on their already distinctive brand of noise.
	www.metal-observer.com /articles.php?lid=1&sid=2&id=4925 (494 words)

	SEQUENCE CHAMELEONS: THE MIOCENE OF NEW JERSEY VS. DELAWARE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Correlations of Miocene strata among basins on the US east coast were limited by reliance on provincial diatom zonations until the advent of integrated Sr-isotopic and sequence stratigraphy.
		Miocene sequence boundaries in NJ are associated with moderately long hiatuses (~0.2-1 m.y.), with the hiatuses increasing updip.
		Lower and middle Miocene sequences are characterized by shelly, sometimes glauconitic, basal transgressive lag deposits overlain by offshore to lower shoreface laminated silts that shallow upward to clean, shelly upper shoreface sands.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_25296.htm (452 words)

	Miocene Sharks Teeth of Calvert County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Thus, it would appear Miocene sharks shared their descendent's predatory habit, and were attracted to this area by the young whales that made easy prey.
		Vokes, H.E., Miocene Fossils of Maryland: Maryland Geol.
		Vokes, H.E., J.D. Glaser and R.D. Conkwright, 2000, Miocene Fossils of Maryland: Maryland Geol.
	www.mgs.md.gov /esic/brochures/sharks.html (948 words)

	Geologic Time: The Miocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Miocene is the fourth epoch of the Cenozoic.
		The Miocene was a time of great mammalian diversity, and many species originated and became extinct in response to environmental change.
		During the late Miocene, the diversity of large apes began to decline as tropical and subtropical habitats of Europe and Asia began to contract and become concentrated closer to the equator.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/faq/gt/cenozoic/miocene.htm (453 words)

	Miocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Miocene Epoch is a period of time that extends from about 5 million to 24 million years before the present.
		The Miocene is the fourth epoch of the Tertiary Era.
		The Miocene boundaries is not set at an easily identified worldwide event but rather at regional boundaries between the warmer Oligocene the relatively cooler Miocene and the even cooler Pliocene.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/mi/Miocene.htm (271 words)

	Miocene
		The Miocene Epoch is a period of time that extends from about 5 million to 24 million years before the present.
		The Miocene is the fourth epoch of the Tertiary Era.
		The Miocene faunal stages from youngest to oldest are:
	www.fastload.org /mi/Miocene.html (291 words)

	LATE_MIOCENE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The late Miocene includes the last 6 million years of the Miocene, from about 11 to 5 million years ago.
		Vertebrate fossils from the late Miocene Epoch are primarily known from two regions in Florida.
		Smaller camels were also present in the late Miocene, including a small relative of the llama with very slender legs.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /vertpaleo/LATE_MIOCENE.htm (1035 words)

	Miocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Miocene Epoch (meaning "moderately recent") extends from approximately 23 million years ago until 5 million years ago.
		It was during the Miocene that a new ecological niche was filled, as grazing animals became common after the rise of grasses in the Oligocene.
		A 20 km crater from 21 million years ago is found in the Northwest Territories of Canada (with possible implication for the deaths at Agate Springs).
	www.carlwozniak.com /earth/Miocene.html (240 words)

	MIOCENE TROBRIAND FOREARC BASIN
		During the early and middle Miocene, the Trobriand forearc was extensional and a forearc basin developed that filled with sediments up to 5-7 km thick (Tjhin, 1976; Pinchin and Bembrick, 1985; Francis et al., 1987).
		This Miocene forearc basin history is amply documented west of 151°E by commercial wells (Goodenough 1 and Nubiam 1) and seismic surveys (Tjhin, 1976; Pinchin and Bembrick, 1985; Francis et al., 1987).
		The middle Miocene was a time of deepwater deposition of (silty) shales with tuffaceous interbeds that in the late Miocene shoaled upward during deposition of the thick Nubiam shale (Fig.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/180_SR/synth/synth_5.htm (918 words)

	Miocene epoch -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It is often divided into the Early Miocene epoch (23.7 to 16.6 million years ago), the Middle Miocene epoch (16.6 to 11.2 million years ago), and the Late Miocene epoch (11.2 to 5.3 million years ago).
		The term Oligocene is derived from Greek and means the epoch of few recent forms,” referring to the sparseness of the number of modern animals that originated during the Oligocene.
		The Miocene was a period of volcanism and mountain building, during which the topography of the modern world was becoming established.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9052909?tocId=9052909 (914 words)

	Maryland Geological Survey: Miocene Fossil Teeth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Dentition from fish, reptiles, and mammals all occur in the Maryland Miocene.
		A copy of the original Miocene distribution map from Miocene Text is available in PDF format.
		The original "Distribution of Miocene Deposits in Maryland" (Plate 1) from Miocene Text is available as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file (2,248 kb).
	www.mgs.md.gov /esic/brochures/teeth/index.html (308 words)

	HA 730-H Miocene basaltic-rock aquifers text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Miocene basaltic-rock aquifers consist primarily of flood-type basaltic lava flows that were extruded from major fissures; some flows extend along former lowlands for about 100 miles.
		In the Miocene basaltic lava flows, some of the open spaces that initially formed during cooling or subsequently formed during folding have been filled with secondary clay minerals, calcite, silica, or unconsolidated alluvial deposits emplaced by streams or in lakes.
		Permeability of the Miocene basaltic-rock aquifers is extremely variable.
	capp.water.usgs.gov /gwa/ch_h/H-text5.html (445 words)

	Solutions From the Field - Miocene Deposition and Petroleum Geology - Northern Gulf of Mexico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Miocene is a pivotal interval in the history of the Cenozoic.
		Important Miocene climatic changes are reflected by the increasing importance of higher frequency cycles of deposition in the Gulf of Mexico.
		In the onshore Miocene fluvial and deltaic trends of south Louisiana, gravity and sub-surface geological map ping found huge salt dome and faulted anticlinal fields early in the century.
	www.pttc.org /solutions/203.htm (1364 words)

	Evidence for Late Miocene Reactivation
		To assess the lateral extent of Late Miocene reactivation, samples were obtained from transects perpendicular to the belt in the Marysandi River and Darondi Khola, central Nepal, the Bhagirathi River, Garhwal Himalaya, and Dudh Kosi, south of Mt. Everest [Figure 1].
		Late Miocene monazite ages from rocks collected along transects spaced ~20 km apart in central Nepal and over 400 km west in the Garhwal Himalaya reveal evidence of widespread reactivation of the MCT and development of the MCT Zone.
		The widespread occurrence of Late Miocene recrystallization in the inverted metamorphic sequences strongly suggest that the presently exposed inverted metamorphic sequences and Early Miocene crustal melts are not temporally related and thus there is little justification in seeking a causal relationship between the two.
	oro.ess.ucla.edu /~catlos/hktabs.html (1220 words)

	The Miocene Epoch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Miocene was a time of warmer global climates than those in the preceeding Oligocene, or the following Pliocene.
		The Miocene Epoch is part of the Cenozoic Era.
		Utilizing a Geographic Information System (GIS), the MIOMAP project is collecting and analyzing Miocene data from the western United States to examine how major environmental events have affected the diversity of animals in the past.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /tertiary/mio.html (269 words)

	Cliffs of Mallorca expose Miocene Carbonate margin
		They are based on measured sections and field observations of the Late Miocene Llucmajor carbonate shelf and reef margin complex of Mallorca, Spain (Sequence Stratigraphy of Ballearic Islands - Papers), one of the best exposed and most thoroughly studied Cenozoic platforms of the world.
		Reef-rimmed progradational platforms were widespread in the western Mediterranean during the late Miocene (Esteban, 1979, in press).
		The Upper Miocene rocks of the Balearic archipelago (Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera and smaller islands) are commonly flat-lying limestones and dolostones,with only slight tilting and flexure, probably caused by normal and strikeslip faulting in the Late Neogene to Middle Pleistocene.
	strata.geol.sc.edu /Miocene-Mallorca/MioceneMallorcaIntro.html (2374 words)

	ELASMO.COM Fossil -- Paleo-faunas: Lee Creek Miocene of No Carolina
		On departing the mine in the fall of 1998, only one or two big teeth had been found, yet, the collecting had been good if size were not the only basis of success; because, as most visitors learn, a bad day at Aurora is better than a good day almost everywhere else.
		The mine itself is an open-pit phosphate mine on the south shore of the Pamlico River which exposes: Pungo River Marl (Lower Miocene), Yorktown (Early Pliocene), Chowan River (Late Pliocene) and James City (Pleistocene) Formations.
		During the Miocene, this site was part of the Albemarle Embayment, itself situated in an area between what is today central North Carolina and the Virginia border.
	www.elasmo.com /leecreek/leecreek.html (974 words)

	Upper Miocene and Pliocene gas and oil plays
		Early Neogene thrusting south of the basin triggered evacuation of Oligocene shale along northwest-dipping listric faults in the eastern and southeastern margin of the basin.
		Downdip pinch-out of reservoir-quality shoreface sandstones is a key risk factor in the upper Miocene in the onshore part of the basin.
		In contrast, the offshore upper Miocene section consists of deepwater slope systems downdip of an inferred clastic-carbonate source associated with the Yucatan Platform.
	www.beg.utexas.edu /mainweb/presentations/2004_presentations/ambrose0304-hgs-ab.htm (439 words)

	Rednova NEWS \| Miocene Songbirds and the Composition of the European Passeriform Avifauna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		From the early Miocene of Australia, crown-group oscines have been reported and even assigned to distinct extant genera (Boles 1995b, 1997), thus corroborating molecular phylogenies that indicate an origin of oscines on the Australian continental plate.
		Because of the geological age of the specimens, we consider it likely that absence of the six-canal pattern in the fossil hypotarsi is indeed primitive and indicates that the taxa are outside the crown-group Eupasseres.
		Few late Oligocene or early to middle Miocene songbirds have been described from Europe so far, and all were considered to be within the Eupasseres -representatives either of the suboscines (Ballmann 1969, Mourer-Chauvir 1995, Cheneval 2000) or of the oscines (MourerChauvir et al.
	www.rednova.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=102755 (2901 words)

	Australia's Lost Kingdoms - Late Miocene period - 8 million years ago - The drying of Australia
		The late Miocene was a time of global drying and cooling.
		As ice rapidly accumulated at the poles, sea-levels fell, rainfall decreased and rainforests retreated.
		Take a visit to Alcoota, a late Miocene fossil site, and find out why the fossils recovered here are important to the unfolding story of Australia's past.
	www.lostkingdoms.com /snapshots/miocene_late.htm (116 words)

	Miocene Vertebrate Fossils
		As of early 1993, the only documented Miocene vertebrate fossil known from Louisiana was a proboscidean (ancestral elephant) fossil from Vernon Parish.
		A couple of fossil bird tracks from Grant Parish, once considered to be of Miocene age, have turned out to have come from older, Oligocene strata.
		Charophytes are ovoid microscopic grains with spiral grooves and composed of calcium carbonate.
	www.intersurf.com /~chalcedony/Miofos.html (746 words)

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