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Topic: Miohippus

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Mesohippus

Evolution of the horse

Merychippus

Horse

Henri Petain

George Barker (poet)

	The Paleobiology Database
		It was assigned to Mesohippus by Osborn (1904); and to Miohippus by Prothero and Shubin (1989).
		It was assigned to Mesohippus by Osborn (1904); to Miohippus by Osborn (1918), Hay (1930) and Stirton (1940); and to Pediohippus by Schlaikjer (1933) and Scott (1941).
		It was assigned to Miohippus by Osborn (1904); and to Mesohippus by Gregory (1920), Hay (1930), Stirton (1940), Scott (1941) and Macdonald (1951).
	paleodb.org /cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=50047 (335 words)

	Parahippus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parahippus is an extinct ancestor of the modern horse, very similar to Miohippus, but was slightly larger.
		Most importantly, parahippus was able to stand on its middle toe, which gave them the ability to run faster, instead of walking on pads; their weight was supported by ligaments under the fetlock to the big central toe.
		The extra crest that was variable in Miohippus became permanent in Parahippus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parahippus (232 words)

	Miohippus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Species of Miohippus gave rise to the first burst of diversity in the horse family.
		Until Miohippus, there were few side branches, but the descendants of Miohippus were numerous and distinct.
		Fossils of Miohippus are found at many Oligocene localities in the Great Plains, the western US and a few places in Florida.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /natsci/vertpaleo/fhc/mioh.htm (173 words)

	The Evolution of the Horse: Species in History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Miohippus, who lived during the Oligocene period some 25 to 40 million years ago, branched off from Mesohippus, and the two coexisted for about four million years.
		Miohippus was larger than Mesohippus and had a slightly longer skull.
		Miohippus also had a variable extra crest on its upper cheek teeth, which is now a typical characteristic of the teeth of later equine species.
	www.geocities.com /Colosseum/Park/7841/horse_evol/others.html (439 words)

	Origin of the Horse -- The Stages of Equus Development
		A typical Miohippus was distinctly larger than a typical Mesohippus, with a slightly longer skull.
		Miohippus also began to show a variable extra crest on its upper cheek teeth.
		It was once thought that Mesohippus "transformed" gradually into Miohippus via anagenetic (evolutionary change producing a single lineage in which one group replaces another without branching) evolution, so that only Miohippus continued.
	www.pbs.org /wildhorses/wh_origin/wh_origin3.html (1830 words)

	FOSSIL BATS OF THE AMERICAS
		The large mammal fauna from I-75 is composed of two carnivores (the amphicyonid Daphoenus and a mustelid), a horse (Miohippus), a tayassuid, an oreodont, and a small ruminant artiodactyl (Leptomeryx).
		Miohippus and Leptomeryx from I-75 occur from the Chadronian through the early Arikareean.
		The absence of taxa in the I-75 LF restricted to the Arikareean (e.g., Nanotragulus) indicates a late Whitneyan age (~30 Ma).
	www.snomnh.ou.edu /collections-research/cr-sub/vertpaleo/fossil_bats/FTB_FCB_Geo_whitneyan.html (536 words)

	The Family Equidae: A Look at Nonorthgenetic Evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Slightly larger than the Miohippus, it retained the three-toed feature of its immediate ancestors; but, it was beginning the development of springy ligaments under the foot, which eventually gave rise to the hoof (Hunt 1995).
		Next, the Mesohippus and Miohippus still showed a trend towards larger size, a toe was lost (leaving three on each limb), and dentition advancement continued.
		Third, genera of Parahippus and Merychippus were increased in body size, had three toes on each limb, showed signs of a spring-foot mechanism (which led to the development of the hoof), and developed high-crowns and cement for grazing adaptations.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~rcastro/webpages/evolutiontermpaper.html (1800 words)

	Agate Fossil Beds
		When conditions change, well adapted species may restrict their ranges to what is left of the old environment; they may adapt, if they are able, to the new conditions; or they may not survive if they cannot adapt.
		Miohippus will soon be yielding its place to descendants which can eat grass as a steady diet.
		They seem to be enjoying their mixed diet and thriving on it, so they won't be too badly hurt in the geologically near future when they have to eat mostly grass.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/habitat/agate/visit.htm (4814 words)

	Evolution of the Horse - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At the end of Oligocene epoch and the beginning of the Miocene epoch, the Mesohippus evolved into a form known as Miohippus.
		The Kalobatippus managed to relocate to Asia via the Bering Strait land bridge, and from there moved into Europe, where its fossils were formerly described under the name Anchitherium.
		From the Miohippus that remained on the steppes evolved the North American breed of Parahippus.
	www.iridis.com /Evolution_of_the_Horse (1962 words)

	Lab: How do Fossils Show Change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Miohippus lived about 30 million years ago and was about 65 cm (26 inches) high.
		Although these diagrams are not drawn to actual size nor in scale to each other, you will be able to see the trend of an increase in animal size over time.
		Eohippus, Miohippus and Pliohippus are all fossil horses.
	www.murrieta.k12.ca.us /mvhs/staff/cmarosz/LifeSci/FossilChangeLab.htm (421 words)

	Evolution of the Horse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Recent evidence shows that instead, Miohippus speciated (split off) from early Mesohippus via cladogenetic evolution, and then Miohippus and Mesohippus overlapped for some 4 million years.
		Miohippus continued for a while as it was, and then, in early Miocene (24 My) began to speciate fairly rapidly.
		Approx 23 million years ago Parahippus was a little larger than Miohippus, with about the same size brain and same body form.
	virtualhorse.freewebpage.org /evolution.html (2116 words)

	Articles - Evolution of the Horse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Miohippus had some parts bigger than its predecessor.
		The forest form led to the birth of Kalobatippus ( Miohippus intermedius), whose second and fourth finger again elongated for travel on the softer primeval forest grounds.
		This little âhorseâ was the size of a small pony, with a prolonged skull and the facial structure resembling horses of today.
	www.lifevalley.com /articles/Evolution_of_the_Horse (2010 words)

	* HORSE EVOLUTION FAQ * OUTLINE: 1. Historical background why fossil horses are famous 2.
		A typical Miohippus was distinctly larger than a typical Mesohippus, with a slightly longer skull.
		Miohippus also began to show a variable extra crest on its upper cheek teeth.
		Miohippus continued for a while as it was, and then, in early Miocene (24 My) began to speciate fairly rapidly.
	www.skepticfiles.org /evolut/horseevo.htm (5375 words)

	About the horses - Equestrian Federation of Kazakhstan - official website
		The earliest traces of the ancestors of the horse have been found in rocks from the Eocene Epoch (57.8 to 36.6 million years ago); evidence suggests a small foxlike animal that walked on four toes but had a fifth in the form of a useless vestige.
		The descendants of Miohippus split into various evolutionary branches during the early Miocene (the Miocene Epoch lasted from about 26,000,000 to 7,000,000 years ago).
		It was a different branch, however, that led from Miohippus to the modern horse.
	kazequestrian.org /articles.php?lng=en&pg=417 (3029 words)

	Evolution of horses: Ecology and Biodiversity. With color photos!
		The two dominant horse genera of the Oligocene were Mesohippus and Miohippus, which weighed 40 to 55 kilograms.
		Miohippus evolved from Mesohippus and the two genera were contemporaneous for about 8 million years (MacFadden 2005).
		Unlike Mesohippus, Miohippus lived throughout the Oligocene, and existed for at least 18 million years, from the late Eocene to the mid-Miocene (MacFadden 2005).
	www.ecology.info /horses.htm (2009 words)

	Evolution of the horse at AllExperts
		While Mesohippus died out in the mid-Oligocene, Miohippus continued to thrive, and in the early Miocene (24–5.3 million years ago), it began to rapidly diversify and speciate.
		The forest-suited form was Kalobatippus (or Miohippus intermedius, depending on whether it was a new genus or species), whose second and fourth front toes were long, well-suited travel on the soft forest floors.
		The Miohippus population that remained on the steppes is believed to be ancestral to Parahippus, a North American animal about the size of a small pony, with a prolonged skull and a facial structure resembling the horses of today.
	en.allexperts.com /e/e/ev/evolution_of_the_horse.htm (3118 words)

	Horse Origins - Evolution
		This Miohippus has branched out through his further development into two branches from which one adjusted to the life in the primeval forests, while the other remained “loyal” to life on the prairies.
		The forest form led (Miohippus intermedius) to the birth of Kalobatippus, whose second and fourth finger again elongated in order to travel on softer grounds of the primeval forest.
		This little “horse” was the size of a small pony, with a prolonged skull and the facial structure resembling horses of today; the third toe became stronger, larger, and hence it carried the main weight of the body.
	horsecare.stablemade.com /articles2/horse_origins.htm (2196 words)

	Agate Fossil Beds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Stenomylus line died off; Miohippus' evolutionary line remained a grazing animal but changed physically over the years, eventually becoming the modern horse; and the Palaeocastor line moved from land to water, gradually evolving into the beaver.
		Each of these three animals is portrayed here with partial skeleton, musculature, and outer skin to help you see its general composition and to emphasize certain physical features that developed in the species over time.
		The descendants of Miohippus apparently went in two directions in their evolution: One group continued to be forest-grazing, three-toed horses that eventually reached the size of modern horses but died out later.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/habitat/agate/evol.htm (906 words)

	Fossil Evidence For Evolution
		The orohippus, mesohippus, miohippus, merychippus, and pleshippus are all thought to be transitional fossils, documenting the evolution of the hyracotherium into the modern horse.
		The mesohippus was followed by the slightly larger miohippus which was followed by the merychippus.
		Two of the merychippus’ three toes were smaller than those of the mesohippus and the miohippus, as if it were transitioning to a single-toe.
	www.allaboutcreation.org /fossil-evidence-for-evolution-faq.htm (709 words)

	Sherrys Horses, Queen Creek, Arizona 480-988-1451
		On this mammal the ankle joint had begun to change and this animal had a slight dish, concave, to it's face.
		The evolution evidence shows that the Mesohippus and the Miohippus co-existed as their species overlapped for more than 4 million years.
		It would be another 5 million years (20 to 25 million years ago) before a significant change in the horse evolution change would be seen again.
	www.supergentlehorses.com /horseevolution.htm (1778 words)

	Evolution der Pferde
		Bald nach Mesohippus celer und einigen Verwandten erschien Miohippus assiniboiensis (ca.
		Miohippus war wesentlich größer als Mesohippus, mit einem etwas längeren Schädel. Seine Zähne zeigten einen extra Kamm, der später typisch für die Pferde ist.
		Ein typischer Parahippus war ein wenig größer als der Miohippus mit derselben Gehirngröße und Körperform.
	www.egbeck.de /skripten/13/pferd.htm (886 words)

	Miohippus -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Miohippus evolved from the earlier and more primitive genus Mesohippus and showed a tendency toward increased size and a more advanced dentition.
		The limbs of Miohippus were better adapted for running, although three functional toes were…
		Miohippus evolved from the earlier and more primitive genus...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9052910 (292 words)

	Author: Kathleen Hunt (jespah@u.washington.edu) Title: Horse Evolution FAQ This is a compa
		It was once thought that Mesohippus "transformed" gradually into Miohippus via anagenetic evolution, so that only Miohippus continued.
		Recent evidence shows that instead, Miohippus speciated (split off) from early Mesohippus via cladogenetic evolution, and then Miohippus and Mesohippus overlapped for some 4 million years.
		For instance, in one place in modern Wyoming there were three species of late Mesohippus coexisting with two species of Miohippus.
	www.skepticfiles.org /origins/horses.htm (6067 words)

	>>Horse Evolution. Miohippus<< (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Miohippus is reported to have a slightly longer skull than Mesohippus as well as minute ankle joint and dentine differences.
		Miohippus and Mesohippus (and Parahippus) are really the same animal.
		The differences are also easily accounted for by if adult and juvenile specimens had been found.
	horse-of-dream.by.ru /evol/miohippus-e.html (96 words)

	Horse Evolution
		On this mammal the ankle joint had begun to change and this animal had a slight dish, concave, to it's face.
		The evolution evidence shows that the Mesohippus and the Miohippus co-existed as their species overlapped for more than 4 million years.
		It would be another 5 million years (20 to 25 million years ago) before a significant change in the horse evolution change would be seen again.
	members.fortunecity.com /rags2/id94.htm (1794 words)

	Die Evolution des Pferdes - Miohippus
		Miohippus war wesentlich größer als Mesohippus, mit einem etwas längeren Schädel. Seine Zähne zeigten einen extra Kamm, der später typisch für die Pferde ist.
		Vor Miohippus gab es in der Entwickungsgeschichte des Pferde wenige Seitenäste, doch die Spezies der Gattung Miohippus brachten viele und verschiedene Nachfahren in die Welt.
		Miohippus bedeutet "kleines Pferd" aber auch "Pferd des Miozäns" - obwohl es im Oligozän lebte.
	www.amleto.de /pferd/miohip.htm (125 words)

	Can You Count Your Horse's Toes? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Presumably he is a descendent of the first single hoofed animals known as Pilohippus which go back about 6 million years.
		It is the three toes of the horse’s ancestors Mesohippus and Miohippus (which existed about 25-40 million years ago) that are most universally acknowledged in the anatomy of modern horse.
		Between the knee and fetlock joint (equivalent to your ankle) is the cannon bone.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/horse_talk/63904 (535 words)

	Empty File
		The Miohippus Radiation (24 Million Years ago) Miohippus continued for a while as it was, then began to change fairly rapidly.
		The horse family began to split into 2 main lines of evolution and one small one.
		They retained the small, simple teeth of Miohippus.
	kiayranda.com /InfoPages/Horse_Evolution.html (2225 words)

	miohippus - OneLook Dictionary Search
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	onelook.com /?w=miohippus (137 words)

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