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Topic: Miracidium

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	Miracidium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The miracidium is the small free-swimming larva of some Trematoda including the Schistosoma.
		When hatched in free-standing water the miracidium typically swims and finds a particular species of snail to continue its life cycle in.
		From there the eggs hatch in the presence of free water and the miracidium stage of life is reached again.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Miracidium (209 words)

	The Schistosome Miracidium
		In terms of size the miracidium is 150 - 180 µm in length by 70 - 80 µm in width, and its outer four layers of epidermal plates are covered in numerous cilia, with which it moves through the water.
		At the apex of the parasite are a number of gland cells, and apical papilla, the terebratorium, which consists of a number of membranous folds, and ciliated sensory organelles.
		On penetration, the ciliated epidermal plates are shed, and the muscle layers disappear as the miracidium develops into the primary sporocyst in the snail intermediate host.
	www.path.cam.ac.uk /~schisto/SchistoLife/Miracidium.html (473 words)

	Chapter 8
		The eggs hatch and the miracidium emerges from the egg.
		The miracidium hatches from the egg and penetrates an aquatic or land snail.
		The eggs are voided in the feces and hatch, releasing a miracidium.
	compepid.tuskegee.edu /syllabi/pathobiology/pathology/parasitology/chapter8.html (5810 words)

	Digenea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While the formation of the digenean eggs and of asexual reproduction in the first larval stage (miracidium) is well reported, the developmental biology remains a problem which is very complex and far from being solved.
		Electron microscopic studies have shown that the light microscopically visible germ balls consist of mitotically dividing cells which give rise to embryos and to a line of new germ cells that become included in these embryonic stages.
		Alternatively, eggs may hatch in water to release an actively swimming, ciliated larva, the miracidium, which must locate and penetrate the body wall of the snail host.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Digenea (1443 words)

	Parasite - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Adult eye flukes live in the eyelids of wading birds and release their eggs into the water when the birds dip their heads underwater to feed.
		The miracidium must penetrate the skin of a specific species of aquatic snail within a few hours or it will die.
		Once inside the snail, the miracidium develops into a 1 to 2 mm (0.04 to 0.08 in) long, saclike stage called a redia.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761553247___4/Parasite.html (502 words)

	General Parasitology
		The miracidium is the name of the ciliated larval stage that is hatched from the digenean egg.
		Morphologically the surface of the miracidium is covered with a series of ciliated plates, which may be clearly seen using electron microscopy after removal of cilia (for example select this link to see a miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni after this form of treatment).
		On invasion of the molluscan tissue the miracidium sheds its ciliated plates, in almost all cases rapidly transforming into an endoparasitic form, the sporocyst, although in a few unusual groups the miracidium may contain a fully developed redia (see below).
	www.path.cam.ac.uk /~schisto/OtherFlukes/Flukes_Gen/Fluke_Life2.html (578 words)

	Liver Fluke Control in Beef Cattle
		The adult liver flukes produce eggs which are carried with bile to the gut and are then passed in the feces (see 1, Fig 1).
		After hatching, the miracidium (see 2, Figure 1) must find and penetrate a suitable snail host within a few hours or die.
		The development of cercariae within the snail requires 5 to 7 weeks under optimal conditions (if, however, the miracidium infected snail begins estivation to escape the hot dry weather, recent evidence indicates that the infected snail will not survive the estivation period).
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /VM089 (2611 words)

	Facicola H
		Humans are mostly seen as accidental hosts to this parasites and the rate of infection of humans is significantly lower.
		The miracidium infects lymnaeid snail during its larval multiplication giving rise to cercariae.
		This is an important process with one miracidium giving rise to as many as 600 cercaria.
	www.stanford.edu /class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Fascioliasis/facicola_h.htm (444 words)

	The Origin and Evolution of Trematode Life Cycle
		The special attention is paid to the parthenogenetic generations (mother sporocysts and their larvae — miracidia, daughter sporocysts and rediae) which drop out the field of vision of modem zoologists and parasitologists investigating evolution of trematodes.
		It is shown that the main trend of morphological evolution of miracidia is their simplification and miniaturization which is accompanied by the passage from active infection of the first intermediate host with free-swimming larva to the passive one whereby miracidium hatching takes place in the alimentary tract of molluscan host having swallowed the egg.
		The increase of mother sporocyst reproduction in the «strigeidid» branch of higher trematodes usually is not accompanied by any essential morphological transformations of the parasitic stages.
	www.angelfire.com /sc/gorbushin/galbook.html (1876 words)

	Trematode Life-Cycle
		The miracidium will then swim about until it finds a suitable intermediate host, which is usually a snail (8) to which it is chemically attracted.
		When the miracidium finds snail, it penetrates it, loses its cilia and develops into a sporocyst (3), which produces asexually either more sporocysts or a number of rediae (4) which also produce asexually either more rediae or tailed forms called cercariae (5).
		The cercariae emerge from the snail, swim around and penetrate a second intermediate host, the final host or encyst on vegetation, where they are transformed into metacercariae (6), which are juvenile flukes; the adult (7) grows from the metacercariae when it is eaten by the definitive host.
	bioweb.uwlax.edu /zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-4a/Trematode_Life-Cycle/trematode_life-cycle.htm (194 words)

	Three overviews on Environment and Aquaculture in the Tropics and Sub-tropics
		The miracidium can enter several additional species of snails, where the development is usually arrested.
		After penetrating the outer layer of the snail's skin the miracidium becomes a sporocyst, a thick-walled, rounded structure.
		Two generations of daughter sporocysts are produced within the tissues of the snail, where the parasite damages the snail considerably, reducing its fecundity and life expectancy.
	www.fao.org /docrep/005/ad002e/AD002E03.htm (5370 words)

	Class Monogenea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Each fertilized egg generally gives rise to a single, free-living, ciliated miracidium larva.
		The miracidium is either eaten or bores into an intermediate host, which is almost always a mollusk and most commonly a snail.
		Host penetration is accomplished by secretions from several glands located anteriorly in the miracidium.
	bama.ua.edu /~clydeard/bsc376/lecture14.htm (965 words)

	The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture
		A mature microscopic-size egg hatches in the water into a stage known as a miracidium.
		The miracidium is a free-swimming organism and dies within a few hours unless it comes in contact with a snail.
		The miracidium enters the snail’s body through the skin and forms a sporocyst.
	www.utextension.utk.edu /aquafish/FCbulletins/yellowgrubs.htm (553 words)

	Trematodes
		In fresh water, the larval miracidium hatches out of the egg and swims about until it finds an appropriate snail.
		Upon ingestion by a suitable fresh water operculate snail, the egg hatches to produce a miracidium.
		The miracidium in the snail develops into cercaria which breaks out in water to penetrate under the scales of fish.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /parasitology/trematodes.htm (2643 words)

	Verminous Hemorrhagic Ulcerative Enteritis
		Within the egg a miracidium develops and, when fully developed, hatches.
		The miracidium finds a suitable first intermediate host, a freshwater snail, and penetrates the foot.
		In the snail the miracidium undergoes structural changes and develops into a sac of germinal cells whose sole purpose is to reproduce (asexually).
	www.michigan.gov /dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-27317--,00.html (1091 words)

	www.CattleNetwork.com - Connecting the Cattle Industry Worldwide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The miracidium can gain access to the intermediate host, the lymnaeid snail, in one of two ways: 1.) The snail may eat the egg, and the miracidium will hatch out and begin its development within the snail.
		Once in the snail, the miracidium develops into a bag-like cocoon called a sporocyst.
		Location: When metacercariae are ingested by a bovine, they excyst in the small intestine, penetrate the wall and migrate through the peritoneum to the liver.
	www.cattlenetwork.com /content_list.asp?contentid=13962&contenttypeid=2003 (493 words)

	Minnesota Canoe Association Resources - Swimmer's Itch: A Common Summertime Pest (res3)
		The miracidium swim in search of a proper second host animal, a particular type of snail.
		If a proper snail is found, the miracidium will penetrate into the snail's tissue and undergo further development.
		After a three or four-week development period, another free-swimming stage called a "cercaria" emerges from the snail in search of the proper primary bird or mammal host.
	www.canoe-kayak.org /pages/res3.html (1025 words)

	Infection by Schistosoma species
		An egg released into the water from the human host, hatches in a short time (< 1 hour), releasing a free-swimming miracidium (plural=miracidia) that swims about searching for a snail.
		Upon contact, the miracidium penetrates the snail and if it is a suitable host, develops through 2 generations of sporocysts.
		The second generation of sporocysts produces fork-tailed cercariae (singular=cercaria) which leave the snail and are free-swimming.
	www.msu.edu /course/zol/316/ssppinfect.htm (141 words)

	LABORATORY 3: TREMATODES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		After an initial development time, a free living ciliated larva (miracidium) will break out of the egg into a water environment.
		These miracidium will seek out and penetrate a snail host.
		After penetrating the host, the miracidium will shed its cilia and develop into a sporocyst (bag-like creature).
	ucdnema.ucdavis.edu /imagemap/nemmap/ent156html/slides/Lab3b (319 words)

	Schistosomiasis \| AHealthyMe.com
		Eggs are excreted in human urine and feces and, in areas with poor sanitation, contaminate freshwater sources.
		Freshwater snails become infested with the miracidium, which multiply inside the snail and mature into multiple cercariae that the snail ejects into the water.
		The cercariae, which survive outside a host for 48 hours, quickly penetrate unbroken skin, the lining of the mouth, or the gastrointestinal tract.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic100587436 (1683 words)

	Companion Animal Parasite Council
		The eggs hatch in water and a ciliated form, the miracidium, emerges.
		The miracidium penetrates a snail first intermediate host where it develops to the cercarial stage, which leaves the snail and infects the second intermediate host, a crayfish, and develops to the infective metacercarial form.
		Ciliated trematode miracidium, the form that hatches from the egg and infects a snail first intermediate host
	www.capcvet.org /?p=Guidelines_Trematode&h=0&s=0 (1268 words)

	New Page
		The mature microscopic-size egg hatches in the water in a state known as a miracidium.
		The miracidium is a free-swimming individual and will die within a few hours unless it
		The miracidium enters the snail's body and forms a sporocyst.
	www.uaex.edu /aquaculture2/FSA/FSA9006.htm (525 words)

	Parazitologiya 2000/34/3. Tikhomirov
		The study of ultrastructure of Philophthalmus rhionica miracidium was carried out.
		Up to date, the ultrastructures of miracidium have been studied in a restricted number of species belonging to the families Notocotylidae, Paramphistomatidae, Sanguinicolidae, Fasciolidae, and Schistosomatidae (Galaktionov, Dobrovol'sky, 1998).
		The family Philophthalmidae differs from the families Fasciolidae and Schistosomatidae by the aberrant pedogenetic miracidium.
	www.zin.ru /journals/parazitologiya/a2000-3/abstr2000-3-Tikhomirov.htm (82 words)

	Swimmer's Itch FAQ
		The miracidium, an aquatic stage, is free-swimming, but nonfeeding.
		Once the miracidium comes in contact with the proper snail it will either penetrate into the snail via the integument or it may enter through its mouth.
		Like a cercaria, the miracidium is nonfeeding and can only swim in the water for up to a day, depending on the water temperature.
	www.hope.edu /academic/biology/faculty/blankespoor/faq.html (2659 words)

	VSc/Ent 402 Lecture 14
		The egg is laid undeveloped but a fully formed miracidium is formed in a few days.
		Mask the antigens of the parasite by absorbing ABO blood group and hisotcompatibility antigens onto the surface of the parasite.
		Eggs are passed and quickly a fully formed miracidium is formed.
	www.vetsci.psu.edu /coursedesc/vsc402/15Shistosomes.htm (778 words)

	[No title]
		Eggs shed by the adult worm within the vertebrate host pass outside to the environment, and a larva (called a miracidium) may hatch and swim away or (depending on species) the egg may have to be ingested by the next host.
		The miracidium hatches from the egg within 2 weeks, penetrates a snail, cercariae develop and escape the snail.
		Infective cercariae penetrate freshwater crabs or crayfish and encyst as metacercaria.
	www.austincc.edu /ddingley/MLAB1331/LectureGuide/Trematode.doc (2685 words)

	Blank nematode Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It takes 2 to 4 weeks for the miracidium to develop after which the operculum of the egg is pushed off and the miracidium uses its cilia to swim out of the egg.
		The miracidium finds a snail (Lymnaea truncatula) and bores into it.
		(If the miracidium fails to find a snail within 24 hours, it runs out of energy and dies.) In the snail, the trematode takes up residence in the digestive gland and develops into a sporocyst.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /dxendopar/parasitepages/trematodes/Fhepatica.htm (600 words)

	Bio. Sci. 4 \| Microbiology Study Guide "Answers"
		Rediae form within the sac-like sporocyst that developes from a miracidium after it enters a water snail.
		The flukes mate and produce large numbers of eggs that exit the sheep along with fecal material.
		Inside the snail, each miracidium forms a sac-like sporocyst.
	biosci.sierra.cc.ca.us /materials/4/guide/010.html (721 words)

	differentiate miracidium and cercaria larval forms? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Answer Posted By Re: differentiate miracidium and cercaria larval forms?
		Miracidium:it is the larval form found in platyhelminthes.
		miracidium can live for 24 hrs in water.
	www.allinterview.com /showanswers/974 (172 words)

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