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	Miracle of Chile
		The Miracle of Chile (1973-1983) is a phrase, coined by Milton Friedman, to describe the economics of Chile under Augusto Pinochet.
		They argue that Chile's economy is noticably stronger and more advanced than those of other Latin American nations and that the development of a large middle class eventually forced the military junta under Pinochet to relinquish power to a democratic government.
		The experience of Chile in the 1970s and 1980s have been influential on the policies of the Communist Party of China.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mi/Miracle_of_Chile.html (205 words)

	Miracle of Chile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The "Miracle of Chile" is a phrase coined by Milton Friedman to describe the neoliberal, monetarist economic reforms implemented in Chile under General Augusto Pinochet.
		For instance, during an interview held in 1991, he said that the real miracle consisted not in the economic policies adopted by Chile, but in the fact that a military junta was willing to adopt them.
		Chile's most important economic sectors are still in the field of primary production (like minerals) that are far less productive than dominant sector of countries that have gone through the complete process of industrialization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Miracle_of_Chile (834 words)

	Pinochet and Chile Invisible Hand and Iron Fist
		Chile's political elites are still committed to the neoliberal economic model instituted by the dictatorship.
		The Chilean social scientist Tomas Moulian has termed the Chile created by the dictatorship a "consumer's paradise" (though this only applied to a small part of the population) and a "citizen's wasteland." The dictatorship destroyed, by means of terror, the institutions of democracy and civic association.
		Chile's industrial workers had been the bulwark of the UP and other parties of the left.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Latin_America/PinochetandChile.html (2727 words)

	Chile: no future without a past, by Nira Reyes Morales
		Chile’s economically correct neo-liberal policies, which favour key macroeconomic indicators, and its historical preference for institutional stability, have ensured its exceptional political and economic standing in Latin America.
		Chile is still feeling the effects of that 1982 recession, as the president pointed out earlier this year in response to criticisms of Chile’s lower growth rates, set against previous years.
		The Chile Solidario programme is ostensibly supported by social workers and anti-poverty groups, including sociologists from the SUR centre for social studies, the ministry of planning and the urban poverty programme (PPU).
	mondediplo.com /2002/11/10chile (2478 words)

	Is Chile a Neoliberal Success? Chile is often heralded as the global South's best case for free-trade economic ...
		Chile is commonly portrayed as the great exception to Latin America's long and difficult struggle to overcome economic backwardness and instability.
		Chile has been so wide open to foreign investment, and foreign investors have enjoyed the assurance of a pro-investor climate for so long, that it is difficult to imagine much of a surge of new investment from either Europe or the United States.
		Chile has an edge in trade with the EU and the United States because its fresh produce is largely grown and harvested during the summer in the southern hemisphere, which coincides with the winter months in Europe and the United States.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /South_America/Neoliberal_Success_Chile.html (3558 words)

	Commanding Heights : Reform \| on PBS
		Chile was lucky: It had these copper mines that it was able to privatize and use the revenues to fund that unfunded liability associated with a public pension program.
		JEFFREY SACHS: Chile's reforms as of 1985 were still a question mark, even in terms of their pure economic value, because when Pinochet came in in 1973 and instituted a first round of reforms, there was a quite rapid economic growth up till the end of the '70s.
		Given the combination of Chile's own crisis and the brutality of the Pinochet regime, Chile was not taken as a role model by the rest of Latin America at that point.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/ufd_reformliberty_full.html (3993 words)

	Economy of Chile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the early 1990s, Chile's reputation as a role model for economic reform was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio Aylwin - which took over from the military in 1990 - deepened the economic reform initiated by the military government.
		After a decade of highly impressive growth rates, Chile experienced a moderate recession in 1999 brought on by the global economic slowdown and exacerbated by a severe drought reducing crop yields and causing hydroelectric shortfalls and rationing.
		Chile unilaterally is lowering its across-the-board import tariff--for all countries with which it does not have a trade agreement--by a percentage point each year until it reaches 6% in 2003.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economy_of_Chile (1840 words)

	Robert Lavigna \| Neoliberal Chile: A Sketch (Terra Incognita)
		Chile, the country where “neoliberal”; economic theories were first applied, is hailed as an exemplary success of free-market policies.
		Chile had emerged from the post-colonial period as the most stable democracy in Latin America, developing a tradition of political plurality and a high level of social consciousness and commitment.
		Chile’s transition to democracy has since limped along in the cold of his shadow like a wounded animal, while the society he left in place remains stunted by his reign of terror and defaced by the neoliberal precept of “consume or be consumed.”
	www.terraincognita.50megs.com /neoliberal.html (3681 words)

	Chile
		Although Chile's "economic miracle" has benefited the more privileged sectors of society, and the gap between poor and rich remains wide, the government has attempted to increase public spending in order to alleviate poverty and improve education.
		Although Jews have been present in Chile since the time of the Spanish conquest, in the sixteenth century, Jewish immigration to Chile increased significantly from the beginning of the twentieth century.
		Chile assimilated substantial numbers of immigrants from Europe in the nineteenth century and from the Middle East (mainly Christian Arabs) in the early part of this century.
	www.axt.org.uk /antisem/archive/archive1/chile/chile.htm (1542 words)

	FoEI Citizens' Guide to TES: The Chilean 'Economic Miracle' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This strategy was highly successful and led to an increase in exports, increased economic growth (except during a recession in the early 1980s), a decreased reliance on copper exports and a higher proportion of exports as manufactured goods.
		Whilst it is true that Chile has favourable growing conditions for exotic tree species such as eucalyptus and Radiata pine, its 'comparative advantage' in forest products also stems from low wages, a cheap and easily accessible natural forest resource and the 'ecological subsidy' that it gets from damaging the environment.
		Chile's 'export-led development' in the forest industry has been catalysed by state subsidies, tax breaks and other incentives designed to attract investment.
	www.foei.org /trade/activistguide/chile.htm (966 words)

	Free Market Fundamentalism: Neoliberalism, Friedman, and the "Chilean Miracle"
		The experience of what happened in Chile is strongly influenced by who you are: the realites of the poor and working class are vastly different than those of the upper classes and the upper middle class.
		Throughout the 1950's and 1960's, Chile was touted as the "exception to the Latin American rule." Governed by a succession of democratic and largely transparent governments, Chile had its poverty, but it was nowhere near as severe or as grindingly oppressive as it was in most of the rest of Latin America.
		In essence, the salvation of Chile was at least a limited abandonment of free-market fundamentalism and the "Chilean Miracle." It was a recognition that the free market simply does not solve all economic problems, but actually creates many of them, and ignores completely the social consequences of economic decisionmaking.
	www.bidstrup.com /economics.htm (8270 words)

	C.11 Doesn't Chile prove that the free market benefits everyone?
		Chile is an economic miracle." [Newsweek, Jan, 1982] This viewpoint is also commonplace in the more mainstream right, with US President George Bush praising the Chilean economic record in 1990 when he visited that country.
		In 1991, Chile introduced a range of controls over capital, including a provision for 30% of all non-equity capital entering Chile to be deposited without interest at the central bank for one year.
		Moreover, post-Pinochet Chile is not your typical "democracy." Pinochet is a senator for life, for example, and he has appointed one third of the senate (who have veto power - and the will to use it - to halt efforts to achieve changes that the military do not like).
	www.activism.net /government/anarchism/secC11.html (5015 words)

	Róbinson Rojas.- Steve Kangas: The Chicago boys and the Chilean 'economic miracle' .- RRojas Databank: Analysis and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Chile's main export to the world is copper, and the United States has long held a keen interest in it.
		The real miracle of Chile is not how well it has done economically; the real miracle of Chile is that a military junta was willing to go against its principles and support a free-market regime designed by principled believers in a free market.
		Chile continues to have one of the highest foreign debts in the world, and therefore continues to serve as the poster child for the IMF and World Bank.
	www.rrojasdatabank.org /econom~1.htm (5590 words)

	MM November 1995
		Chile's Free-Market Miracle: A Second Look by Joseph Collins and John Lear is another fine Food First book that goes beyond the aggregate statistics tabulated by the University of "Chicago Boys" who ran the authoritarian economy of General-For-Life Augusto Pinochet's Chile until 1990.
		Such were the policies that spawned Chile's "miracle." In 1990, when Patricio Aylwin took office as the first democratically elected president in 17 years, Chile was posting strong economic growth, an export boom and relatively low inflation and high levels of foreign investment.
		Chile's Matte and Angelini conglomerates (Angelini working with New Zealand-based Carter Holt Harvey) bought 40 percent of Chile's tree plantations and 63 percent of the wood processing industry.
	multinationalmonitor.org /hyper/mm1195.10.html (1529 words)

	Chile: Timid Chile lacks will on Pinochet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Chile’s foreign minister is in London trying to persuade the British to release Gen. Augusto Pinochet.
		A coup would also derail Chile’s economic miracle, which is export-driven and depends on good relations with the international community.
		Chile remains a nation sharply divided between rich and poor.
	www.worldpolicy.org /globalrights/samerica/1998-Chile.html (704 words)

	Chile, capitalism and liberty for the rich
		Between the years 1980 and 1982 during which all of Latin America was adversely affected by depression conditions, per capita GDP fell by 12.9 percent, compared to a fall of 4.3 percent for Latin America as a whole.
		In 1982, after 7 years of free market capitalism, Chile faced yet another economic crisis which, in terms of unemployment and falling GDP was even greater than that experienced during the terrible shock treatment of 1975.
		It has transformed Chile, both culturally and politically, from a country of active participatory grassroots communities, to a land of disconnected, apolitical individuals.
	www.spunk.org /library/otherpol/critique/sp001280.html (2726 words)

	Miracle cure, but the medicine was bright red Greg Palast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pinochet is credited with the Miracle of Chile, the successful experiment in free markets, privatisation, deregulation and union-free economic expansion whose laissez-faire seeds spread from Santiago to Surrey, from Valparaiso to Virginia.
		The US State Department concluded: ‘Chile is a casebook study in sound economic management.’ It was Friedman who himself coined the phrase ‘Miracle of Chile’.
		New Deal tactics rescued Chile from the panic of 1983, but the nation’s long-term recovery and growth is the result of (cover the children’s ears) a large dose of socialism.
	www.gregpalast.com /miracle-cure-but-the-medicine-was-bright-red (1321 words)

	Chile: Reforms First, Then NAFTA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Chile is widely portrayed as a model Latin American country.
		Were Chile’s economic “miracle” translating into a higher standard of living for the poor, one could feel more sanguine about the prospects for political transformation.
		That is perpetuating the sharp class divisions that led first to the unstable experiment in socialist democracy of Salvador Allende, then to the murderous dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.
	www.worldpolicy.org /globalrights/samerica/1995-Chile.html (785 words)

	Freedom Institute: Giving people the freedom to Choose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Chile is the exemplary state from which developing countries can learn so much.
		The awe and wonder associated with a miracle lies in the fact that its cause is unknown.
		The foundation stones of freedom were established in Chile from 1973 just as the conditions of freedom must now be established in Iraq.
	www.freedominst.org /capitalism2004.php (1193 words)

	State developmentalism without a developmental state: The public foundations of the "free market miracle" in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Although Chile's export boom and high growth rates have been associated with its free market economic policies, this article, based on a comparison of the fruit, fish, and forestry sectors, contends that new forms of public intervention were crucial catalysts in shaping a sustained export response.
		This argument is based on the case of Chile, ironically one of the first countries to launch a sustained program of economic liberalization; a country that experienced high rates of growth and the emergence of a large nontraditional agroexport response in fruit, fish, and forestry products.
		In many ways, Chile should represent a "least likely" case for the contention that direct state intervention is crucial to export success.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4000/is_200107/ai_n8972119 (850 words)

	MBEAW: Chile: Pinochet Regime
		Chile's Middle Class: A Struggle for Survival in the Face of Neoliberalism (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1991).
		Chile, Pinochet, and the Caravan of Death (Coral Gables FL: North-South Center, 2001).
		Documentary on unravelling of dictatorship and transition to democracy in 1988-90.
	mbeaw.org /resources/countries/chilepinochet.html (1309 words)

	Freedom Institute: Economics and Human Rights: Chile and Pinochet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Despite this, the report has attracted a certain degree of criticism, usually focusing on the illustration proffered in support of the general thesis, namely, the economic miracle achieved in Chile during the seventies and eighties, which was begun under the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet.
		Chile is simply the clearest and the best illustration of the dramatic effects of market liberalization and it is for that reason, and that reason alone, that advocates of capitalism continue to cite it as an example.
		Chile is commonly regarded as the best-managed economy in South America.
	www.freedominst.org /2004/11/economics-and-human-rights-chile-and.html (1323 words)

	THE MIRACLE OF CHILE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The man who, as he says ironically in the film, "cut Chile in two" (his 270.000 hectares territory stretches from the coast to the Argentine border) is driven by ecological concerns that clearly put hirn at odds with local interests.
		Amidst images of breathtaking natural beauty we discover the makings of a true dilemma: the clash between capitalistic ecology in the interest of a higher cause and local profit-oriented logging is as elemental as the contrast between rich and poor.
		The Miracle of Chile takes an impartial look at a subject that stirred up passionate debates in Germany and France when it was shown on ARTE in May of 97.
	www.agdok.de /GermanDocumentaries/gD100.htm (278 words)

	Peddling miracles and amnesia: who worries about human rights when you've got … Chile's `economic miracle' ...
		Chile's arrogantly insubordinate armed forces now watch helplessly as their maximum leader, Augusto Pinochet, is brought to heel.
		In the decade since Chile's return to civilian rule, the military dictatorship has received a great deal of favourable press, mainly for its free-market economic policies.
		By October 1998, the `Chilean economic miracle' was widely reported in the mass media as the dictatorship's main legacy-undoubtedly to the delight of the dictatorship's celebrants.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JQP/is_314/ai_30024670 (921 words)

	Winning in the Global Economy
		Mainstream economists attribute this economic miracle to Chile's shift from a closed industrial system centered on an internal, regulated and protected market, to an export-led growth strategy based on exporting raw materials, privatization, deregulation, and integration into the global economy.
		A study by the Central Bank of Chile estimates that at current rates of extraction Chile's native forests will have disappeared by the year 2025, just 30 years in the future.
		One hundred and thirty agricultural chemicals in use in Chile are fl-listed by the United Nations as excessively dangerous to health.
	www.pcdf.org /1996/79larrai.htm (766 words)

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