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	The Miranda Programming Language
		Miranda was developed in 1985-86 by David Turner, and is now currently being marketed by Research Software Ltd. of England.
		Miranda was the successor of the functional languages SASL and KRC.
		With Miranda, the main goal was to produce a commercial version of a standard non-strict purely functional language.
	www.engin.umd.umich.edu /CIS/course.des/cis400/miranda/miranda.html (309 words)

	Miranda homepage
		Miranda is a pure, non-strict, polymorphic, higher order functional programming language designed by David Turner in 1983-6.
		The language was widely taken up, both for research and for teaching, and had a strong influence on the subsequent development of the field, influencing in particular the design of Haskell, to which it has many similarities.
		D. Turner Functional Programs as Executable Specifications in proceedings of a meeting of the Royal Society of London on 15 February 1984, published as Mathematical Logic and Programming Languages pp 29-54, eds Hoare and Shepherdson (Prentice Hall, 1985).
	www.cs.kent.ac.uk /people/staff/dat/miranda (532 words)

	Programming
		All computers operate by following machine language programs, a long sequence of instructions called machine code that is addressed to the hardware of the computer and is written in binary notation, which uses only the digits 1 and 0.
		Further, it was recognized that the closer the syntax, rules, and mnemonics of the programming language could be to “natural language” the less likely it became that the programmer would inadvertently introduce errors (called “bugs”) into the program.
		ALGOL [ALGOrithmic Language], developed in Europe about 1958, is used primarily in mathematics and science, as is APL [A Programming Language], published in the United States in 1962 by Kenneth Iverson.
	delysid.org /programming.html (1950 words)

	run Miranda
		Programs are composed in a text file using the editor of your choice.
		At each Miranda prompt you enter an arbitrary Miranda expression whose constituent functions are defined in the script (or are pre-defined), the result will be displayed, and the prompt for the next input issued.
		Miranda has excellent, comprehensive documentation available on-line (use the /man command after starting Miranda), and /man entry 100 is a good place to start and is required reading.
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~fleck/181content/runMiranda.htm (383 words)

	Miranda (programming language) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Miranda is a non-strict purely functional programming language developed by Professor David Turner as a successor to his earlier programming languages SASL and KRC, using some concepts from ML and Hope.
		The solution to most example problems is briefer and simpler in Miranda than in most mainstream programming languages except maybe APL, and, like other functional languages, its users report that it enables them to produce more reliable programs with shorter development times than with the imperative programming languages they had previously used.
		In Miranda, as in most other purely functional languages, functions are first-class citizens, which is to say that they can be passed as parameters to other functions, returned as results, or included as elements of data structures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Miranda_programming_language (1006 words)

	Free Programming Languages - Freebyte's Guide to
		A high-level, array-oriented, multi-purpose programming language (an APL successor).
		Languages which have formal constructs enabling parts of the program to be executed simultaneously ('in parallel') are called 'Concurrent Programming Languages'.
		ChucK presents a new time-based concurrent programming model, which supports a more precise and fundamental level of expressiveness, as well as multiple, simultaneous, dynamic control rates, a precise and straightforward concurrent programming model, and the ability to add, remove, and modify code, on-the-fly, while the program is running, without stopping or restarting.
	www.freebyte.com /programming/languages (2365 words)

	Language list
		C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain varying according to the speaker, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of assembly language with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language".
		ICI is a programming language with a dynamic, object based data model with the flow control constructs and operators of C. It is designed for use in many environments, including embedded systems, as an adjunct to other programs and as a text based interface to compiled libraries.
		Oberon-2 is a general-purpose programming language in the tradit ion of Pascal and Modula-2.
	sk.nvg.org /lang/lang.html (5710 words)

	CTI Computing: Teaching Programming Languages and Paradigms (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The language used for functional programming is Miranda running on Suns; the language for concurrency is JPI Modula_2 with a local kernel and the language for object-oriented programming is Turbo Pascal.
		Students choose one language for each paradigm and discuss and compare surface features, facilities for programming in the large and programming in the small, implementational and practical aspects of the language and then assess whether the language is a good implementation of its paradigm.
		The strategy in the programming assessment has been to present the students with simple problems that are amenable to solution by all three of the new paradigms and see if their answers managed to express the differences adequately.
	www.ulster.ac.uk /cticomp/traxler.html (5741 words)

	Programming Languages Directory \| PL/I Programming Language
		Until the time this new language was developed, all previous languages had focused on one particluar area of application, such as science, artificial intelligence, or business.
		It was also the main language taught at the University of Michigan Dearborn for a period of time.
		This program was not tested due to unavailablility of a compiler.
	www.computerowl.com /pli.php (325 words)

	Miranda - Languages - Programming - SkaLinks.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Miranda is a lazy purely functional programming language.
		A Miranda program (called a script) is a set of equations that define various mathematical functions and algebraic data types.
		The word set is important here: the order of the equations is, in general, irrelevant, and there is no need to define an entity prior to its use.
	www.skalinks.com /dir/programming/languages/miranda (66 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Functional Programming and FPCA '89 \| July 22, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The language implemented was called "MIRANDA" and introduced a formalism called "currying" (named after the theoretician Haskell B. Curry): A function of n arguments may be treated as a concatenation of n single-argument functions.
		Miranda and Hope+ are not only pure functional languages for use in research; they are also intended to be used for application programming.
		While Miranda certainly is suitable for every kind of program development, it does not particularly support large projects with tens of programmers writing hundreds of modules concurrently.
	www.ddj.com /184408252 (4487 words)

	The Fishbowl: Language of the Year
		Instead, the history of programming has been a long procession of different languages, some of which are still going strong, and others that have withered or been superceded.
		Some techniques can be adapted between languages, or can be embedded in a “little language” tailored to a particular problem domain.
		The danger of learning new languages, though, is that each one increases the chance that you’ll turn into one of those Internet whiners (like myself) for whom the best language for any job always seems to be the one you don’t get to program in often enough to see its flaws close up.
	fishbowl.pastiche.org /2005/01/17/language_of_the_year (1175 words)

	FAQ for comp.lang.functional
		Miranda was the first widely disseminated language with non-strict semantics and polymorphic strong typing, and is running at over 600 sites, including 250 universities.
		Miranda is not in the public domain but is free for personal and educational use.
		Mercury is a logic/functional programming language, which combines the clarity and expressiveness of declarative programming with advanced static analysis and error detection facilities.
	www.cs.nott.ac.uk /~gmh/faq.html (5740 words)

	Use functional programming techniques to write elegant JavaScript
		Functional programming languages have been in academia for quite some time, but historically they do not have extensive tools and libraries available.
		Functional programming describes only the operations to be performed on the inputs to the programs, without use of temporary variables to store intermediate results.
		Because functional programming encompasses a very different way of composing programs, programmers who are used to the imperative paradigm can find it difficult to learn.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/library/wa-javascript.html (1786 words)

	Functional Programming Language
		Miranda [MirandaLanguage] - a language designed during the 80's that was a precursor to Haskell, using a very similar syntax.
		Mercury - The MercuryLanguage is a new logic/functional programming language, which combines the clarity and expressiveness of declarative programming with advanced static analysis and error detection features.
		I've completed the example for the J language (as well as a couple of others) which can be found at http://www.angelfire.com/tx4/cus/shapes/index.html.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?FunctionalProgrammingLanguage (1800 words)

	Programming Languages Miranda Directory by InterTechie.com
		A lazy purely functional programming language and interpreter designed by David Turner at the University of Kent in the early 1980s.
		Programming Language Semantics using Miranda: Technical report by Simon Thompson.
		The Miranda Programming Language: Overview of the language, areas of application and some sample programs.
	www.intertechie.com /dir/subcategory.asp?id=10360065 (150 words)

	The Goedel Programming Language
		Gödel is a declarative, general-purpose programming language in the family of logic programming languages.
		This means that theoreticians can apply their "pure" theories of program transformation, program analysis, etc., more or less directly to Gödel and do not have to be concerned with complications of extending their theories to cope with the many non-logical aspects of languages such as Prolog.
		Gödel is developed by Antony Bowers and John Lloyd at the University of Bristol and Pat Hill at the University of Leeds.
	www.cs.bris.ac.uk /~bowers/goedel.html (813 words)

	Youth and Rebellion in Science Fiction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Functional programming is based on the simplest of models, namely that of finding the value of an expression.
		This we meet in our first years at school, when we learn to work out expressions like 8+(3-2) by evaluating the two halves, 8 and (3-2), and adding the results together.
		Functional programming consists of our defining for ourselves functions like + which we can then use to form expressions.
	www.cs.pitt.edu /~chang/scifi/miranda/m7.htm (150 words)

	[No title]
		ó¨Miranda Environment¨MThe Miranda compiler works in conjunction with an editor (normally this is "vi" but it can be set to any editor of the users choice) and scripts are automatically recompiled after edits, and any syntax or type errors signaled immediately.
		It is also possible to invoke Miranda programs directly from the UNIX shell, and to combine them, via UNIX pipes, with processes written in other languages.
		Miranda as a language is terse.¡wwó¨Basic Concepts of Miranda¨ÊThere are no mandatory type declarations, although the language is strongly typed. There are no semicolons at the end of definitions - the parsing algorithm makes intelligent use of layout.
	www.nku.edu /~foxr/CSC407/NOTES/miranda.ppt (1155 words)

	Haskell - SWiK
		Haskell is a general purpose, purely functional programming language.
		The name Haskell derives from the logician Haskell Curry, and the language is the successor to the Miranda programming language.
		Haskell is a general purpose, purely [[functional programmingfunctional programming language]].
	swik.net /Haskell (634 words)

	Open Directory - Computers: Programming: Languages: Miranda
		Miranda Programming Language - Growing article, with links to many related topics.
		The Miranda Programming Language - Overview of the language, areas of application and some sample programs.
		Miranda: The Craft of Functional Programming - By Simon Thompson; Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0201422794.
	www.dmoz.org /Computers/Programming/Languages/Miranda (193 words)

	ROT13
		It is used to enclose the text in a sealed wrapper that the reader must choose to open -- e.g., for posting things that might offend some readers, or spoilers.
		A major advantage of rot13 over rot(N) for other N is that it is self-inverse, so the same code can be used for encoding and decoding.
		Hence by comparing which set of letters is predominant, you can make an awfully good guess as to which type of text you are dealing with.
	www.miranda.org /~jkominek/rot13 (465 words)

	Web Directory » Web Directory » Computers » Programming » Languages » Miranda
		The Miranda Programming Language - Overview of the language, areas of application and some sample programs.
		Miranda: The Craft of Functional Programming - By Simon Thompson; Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0201422794.
		Programming Language Semantics Using Miranda - By Simon Thompson.
	www.dcpages.com /DC_ODP/?c=Computers/Programming/Languages/Miranda (263 words)

	Open Directory - Computers: Programming: Languages
		An Introduction to Programming Languages - Neutral conceptual analysis; useful for those who know one language and want to learn about others.
		Introduction to Programming Languages - By Anthony A. Aaby; 1996.
		The Retrocomputing Museum - Dedicated to programs that induce sensations that hover somewhere between nostalgia and nausea.The freaks, jokes, and fossils of computing history.
	dmoz.org /Computers/Programming/Languages (145 words)

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