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Topic: Misael Pastrana Borrero

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	The Embassy - The Ambassador (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Pastrana worked as a consultant to the United Nations as part of that institution’s Young Leadership Program, as well as preparing for his return to the political arena and his successful presidential campaign in 1998.
		Pastrana was a respected journalist as the founder of a political magazine, Guión, and news director and anchorman of a daily nationwide news program, Hoy (Today), which is still broadcast on Colombian television.
		President Pastrana is the son of a former Colombian President, Misael Pastrana Borrero, who governed Colombia from 1970 to 1974.
	www.colombiaemb.org /embassy/ambassador.html (436 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Colombia
		The National Front system itself eventually began to be seen as a form of political repression by dissidents and even many mainstream voters, especially after what was apparently later confirmed as the supposedly fraudulent election of Misael Pastrana Borrero in 1970, which resulted in the defeat of the relatively populist candidate Gustavo Rojas Pinilla.
		By 1974, another challenge to the state's authority and legitimacy had come from the 19th of April Movement (M-19), a mostly urban guerrilla group founded allegedly in response to an electoral fraud during the final National Front election of Misael Pastrana Borrero (1970 -1974) and the defeat of former dictator Gustavo Rojas Pinilla.
		On August 7, 1998, AndrÃ©s Pastrana Arango was sworn in as the President of Colombia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Colombia (6272 words)

	UNEP SASAKAWA Environment Prize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		History gave Misael Pastrana Borrero - as President of Colombia - the privilege of drafting the first code of environmental protection and he would admit to it with the simple and yet great pride of one who knows that he is fulfilling a great task.
		I thank you as his son and as President of Colombia for this initiative and for your support in creating this Lecture to perpetuate and honor the legacy and memory of Misael Pastrana Borrero, former President of Colombia.
		Two years ago, God summoned my Father, the former President of Colombia, Misael Pastrana Borrero, to eternity, to live in eternal life, yet his place in the history of Colombia and America did not end two years ago.
	www.unep.org /sasakawa/Pastrana_Borrero/lecture_1999.asp (1317 words)

	Online NewsHour: Colombia's Civil War: Pastrana
		One of Pastrana's first moves was to create a semi-autonomous demilitarized zone for the FARC roughly the size of Switzerland as an incentive to jump start peace talks.
		Andrés Pastrana grew up in Bogota among Colombian wealthy elites, or "notables", as the son of former president and Conservative Party leader Misael Pastrana Borrero (1970-1974).
		Pastrana, who was constitutionally barred from running for a second term, handed over the presidency to Alvaro Uribe on August 7th.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/latin_america/colombia/players_pap.html (295 words)

	Colombia - HISTORY
		Pastrana was the last president to be elected under the provisions of the National Front.
		Pastrana's proposals for land reform included promises of redistribution; however, the large landowners objected to the government's proposal to base taxation on potential rather than actual income from the land.
		Pastrana also encouraged private investment in the leading sector through the establishment of the Units of Constant Purchasing Power (Unidades de Poder Adquisitivo Constante--UPAC), a system by which an investment not only accrued interest but also was adjusted for inflation.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/colombia/HISTORY.html (18213 words)

	Soka Gakkai--NEWS: 1999 Newsletters- President of Colombia and SGI President Meet in Tokyo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Ikeda commended President Pastrana's strong commitment to resolving his country's security, social and economic problems, as well as praised the president for sharing the legacy of his late father, former Colombian President Misael Pastrana Borrero (1923-1997), of implementing peaceful government reform.
		Pastrana, a Harvard-educated journalist, assumed the presidency of Colombia in August 1998, at 43, 28 years after his father was sworn in to the same post, at age 46.
		Misael Pastrana and first Soka Gakkai president Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, who both believed in serving humanity and working for their happiness.
	www.sokagakkai.info /html1/news1/newsletters1/99newsltrs1/n1_990515-c.html (385 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In the 1998 presidential election the Conservative opposition candidate, Andrés Pastrana Arango (1954–), son of former President Misael Pastrana Borrero, won in a runoff in June.
		Pastrana pledged to take a personal role in negotiations with rebel leaders, in an effort to end the civil conflict that had raged for more than three decades and claimed at least 35,000 lives.
		While Pastrana continued to negotiate with the rebels, he also turned to the U.S. for assistance in combatting the cocaine trade.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..co177200.a (5367 words)

	Misael on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Misael Vacca Ramírez (Archivo) Misael Vacca Ramírez, el obispo secuestrado y luego liberado por el ELN y por quien el Papa.
		Misael Vacca Ramírez (Archivo) Misael Vacca Ramírez, el obispo secuestrado por el ELN y por quien el Papa salió a hacer un.
		Auctioneer Misael Espinosa handles sells of cattle by video in a Bobota, Columbia hotel because ranchers are afraid of kidnapping from leftist guerrilla groups and will not travel to sales.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-M1isael.asp (572 words)

	AllRefer.com - Colombia : History : Mid-Century to the Present, South America (South American Political Geography) - ...
		Conservative AndrEs Pastrana Arango, a former mayor of BogotA and son of Misael Pastrana, was elected president in 1998.
		In Nov., 1998, Pastrana ceded an area the size of Switzerland in S central Colombia to FARC's control as a goodwill gesture, but the rebels negotiated with the government only fitfully, continued to mount attacks, expanded coca production, and essentially established a parallel government in the region under their control.
		Ongoing negotiations with the rebels in 2000 and 2001 were marred by rebel attacks and kidnappings and fighting between rebels and paramilitaries for control of coca-growing areas in Colombia.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Colombia-history-mid-century-to-the-present.html (907 words)

	History of Colombia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This point has been considered debatable by some, as another position held by several analysts would point out that the ensuing conflict's characteristics, scale and intensity have not reached those of a full blown civil war.
		Both groups claimed to represent the poor and weak against the rich and powerful classes of the country, demaning the completion of true land and political reform, from an openly Communist perspective.
		The main stated objectives of the original Plan Colombia were to promote peace, combat the narcotics industry, revive the Colombian economy, improve respect for human rights, and strengthen the democratic and social institutions of the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Colombia (2883 words)

	Latin American Issues - Volume 6
		The negative attitude of Pastrana's Conservative government toward land reform was apparent from the beginning of his Administration and the ANUC leadership concluded early on that they could not expect the state to voluntarily step-up land redistribution programs.
		It is difficult to determine the number of active members affiliated with ANUC-Sincelejo at the end of Pastrana's presidency due to the campaign against the organization launched by the government and the press and the artificial governmental buildup of the Linea Armenia.
		Pastrana was not able to achieve in four years: to destroy the peasant movement of divide it into irreconcilable factions.
	webpub.alleg.edu /group/LAS/LatinAmIssues/Articles/Vol6/LAI_vol_6.htm (15866 words)

	Colombia - GOVERNMENT
		A Colombian political scientist described the situation as "parliamentary anarchy." Former President Misael Pastrana Borrero (1970-74) of the Conservative Party (Partido Conservador--PC), blamed the problem in Congress on Barco's failure to mobilize support for his program among his party's legislative majority.
		Pastrana had been trailing in published voter polls until he was kidnapped in January, reportedly by drug dealers.
		The results of the March 1988 mayoral elections--in which two strongly antidrug candidates, Pastrana and Juan Gómez Martínez, were elected as mayors of Bogotá and Medellín, respectively--reflected a growing antidrug sentiment among Colombians.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/colombia/GOVERNMENT.html (17612 words)

	MSN Encarta - Colombia
		In the elections of 1970 the National Front defeated a challenge by former dictator Rojas Pinilla, electing Misael Pastrana Borrero as president.
		The constitutional amendment of November 1997, which allowed citizens to be extradited, was aimed at drug dealers, although the amendment was not retroactive.
		The ruling Liberal Party won comfortably in the congressional elections of March 1998, but in the presidential elections in June, the Colombians contradicted opinion polls by electing the opposition Conservatives’ candidate, Andrés Pastrana, as their next president.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564636_8/Colombia.html (1657 words)

	[No title]
		Pastrana, married, with three children, the son of former Colombian President, Misael Pastrana Borrero, who governed the country from 1970 to 1974, has a law degree and a postgraduate degree in Public Law from the University of El Rosario in Bogotá.
		During the campaign Pastrana was kidnapped by the Medellin drug cartel and was lucky to have escaped uninjured after a dramatic rescue operation.
		Pastrana inherited a difficult situation: an economy heading into its deepest recession since 1929, with spiraling unemployment and interest rates of up to 65% p.a.
	www.washspkrs.com /SpeakerInfo/Pastrana_Andres/Bio/PastranaAndres.doc (1026 words)

	NotiSur - Latin American Political Affairs; August 14, 1998
		Pastrana inauguration occurred 28 years after his father, Misael Pastrana Borrero, became president, serving from 1970 to 1974.
		Pastrana began his presidency by announcing measures aimed at repairing the badly damaged economy.
		Pastrana immediately begins implementing policies Among Pastrana's first acts as president was replacing the head of the secret police and most of the military high command.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/notisur/h98/notisur.19980814.html (2998 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Colombia
		Less than one-fifth of those eligible to vote actually cast ballots in the 1970 presidential election, the last held under the rules of the National Front.
		The low turnout of that year was all the more remarkable because the official candidate, Misael Pastrana Borrero, was almost defeated by Rojas Pinilla running as a dissident Conservative.
		Pastrana created a safe haven for the FARC in southeastern Colombia.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761564636__1/Colombia.html (10879 words)

	CRS Report to Congress
		President Pastrana has stated that his objective is to incorporate the guerrillas into Colombia's current political system with appropriate social and institutional reforms to ensure "peace with social justice" and to eradicate the roots of the conflict.
		The Pastrana Administration's continued efforts to initiate negotiations with the ELN within the context of tripartite talks among the ELN, and representatives from the government and from civil society appeared to be coming to fruition in late April 2000.
		Many see the Pastrana peace initiative, which seeks to incorporate the guerrillas into an improved version of Colombia's current democratic system, as providing a needed context for the discussion about Colombia's future; they believe it should be supported whether or not it produces an agreement with the guerrillas in the short run.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/crs/crscolom.htm (15060 words)

	Colombia Drug War 1978-Present
		Although some limited drug interdiction efforts occurred under the Misael Pastrana Borrero (1970-74) and Alfonso López Michelsen (1974-78) administrations, President Turbay implemented the first major campaign against narcotics trafficking.
		In December 1986, a hit squad of the Medellín Cartel traveled to Budapest and seriously wounded Enrique Parejo González, Colombia's ambassador to Hungary and Lara Bonilla's successor as minister of justice during the Betancur administration.
		The following January, gunmen employed by the cartel assassinated Attorney General Carlos Mauro Hoyos Jiménez and kidnapped Andrés Pastrana, PC candidate for mayor of Bogotá and son of former President Pastrana.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/cite/colombia1978.htm (769 words)

	Fifty Years of Violence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In November 1998, President Andres Pastrana withdrew 2,000 soldiers and police from a 16,200 square mile area in southern Colombia in preparation for the upcoming peace talks with the FARC.
		In response, the FARC withdrew from the negotiations claiming the paramilitaries are an impediment to the peace process and that talks cannot continue until the government makes a serious attempt to dismantle the right-wing death squads.
		Pastrana's was facing the same obstacles as some of his predecessors whose peace overtures had been undermined by the oligarchy, the military, and the paramilitaries, as these groups continually refused to recognize the legitimacy of some of the rebels' demands.
	www.colombiajournal.org /fiftyyearsofviolence.htm (6547 words)

	Financing Democracy: Participants' Biographies
		Andres Pastrana Arango was elected president of Colombia on June 21, 1998.
		Pastrana, the son of former Colombian President Misael Pastrana Borrero, has a law degree from the University of El Rosario in Bogotá and was fellow at the Center of International Affairs at Harvard University.
		He also was a respected journalist, as founder of the political magazine Guion in the 1970s and as a director and anchorman of a daily nationwide news program.
	www.cartercenter.org /doc1337.htm (15890 words)

	Colombia History & Colombia Culture \| iExplore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		At a desperately close election in April 1970, which needed four recounts, Rojas was narrowly defeated by Dr Misael Pastrana Borrero, the candidate for the National Front alliance of Liberals and Conservatives.
		By 1998, the electorate had had enough of the Liberals and returned Andrés Pastrana, a conservative and former mayor of Bogotá (with a somewhat chequered record in office) standing under the banner of a Grand Alliance for Change.
		By now, the country was in the grip of the struggle between the government, traffickers, right-wing paramilitaries and left-wing guerrillas.
	www.africa.com /dmap/Colombia/History (1197 words)

	[No title]
		and son of Misael Pastrana, was elected president in 1998.
		Ongoing negotiations with the rebels in 2000 and 2001 were marred by rebel attacks and kidnappings and fighting between rebels and paramilitaries for control of coca-growing areas in
		As a result, popular disenchantment with Pastrana increased, even as he moved forward with his Plan Colombia, a $7 billion social aid and antidrug program that included $1.3 billion in largely military aid from the
	web.pdx.edu /~nap/colombia/history_page.html (1335 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		M-19 Movimiento 19 de Abril 19th of April Movement The former guerrilla organization got its name from the date of Colombia's 1970 presidential election that M-19 claims was stolen from candidate and former dictator Gustavo Rojas Pinilla by Conservative candidate Misael Pastrana Borrero.
		M-19 members were notorious in the 1970s for their audacious acts -- stealing a Simon Bolivar's sword from a museum, killing a prominent labor leader, digging their way into a Bogota arsenal and stealing weapons, kidnapping guests from a party at the Dominican Republic Embassy.
		By March 1990, all M-19 guerrillas had surrendered their weapons and the group became Alianza Democratica or ADM-19, the M-19 Democratic Alliance, a political party.
	cnnstudentnews.cnn.com /interactive/specials/0008/organization.profiles/CE.M-19.txt (311 words)

	Search Results for turmoil - Encyclopædia Britannica
		During the 18th century Spain's Bourbon rulers ordered their colonial representatives to carry out sweeping economic and administrative reforms that promoted trade between Puerto Rico and Spain,...
		Pastrana Borrero, Misael Britannica Book of the Year 1998
		Colombian politician who served as president of Colombia from 1970 to 1974, heading a progressive National Front coalition that failed in its attempt to bring an end to the violence and turmoil that...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=turmoil&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (447 words)

	THE FELIX HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY PEACE PRIZE AWARDED TO ALVARO ARZU AND ROLANDO MORAN {26 June 1997}
		For all men and women who cherish peace, reconciliation is the very expression of courage and surpassing of self," he said.
		Misael Pastrana Borrero, Vice President of the Jury, insisted that "peace is not the point of arrival but the starting point for the building of a society that is more just, more tolerant and ruled by the laws of morality."
		To this end, there is need for dialogue, mutual respect with a single objective: the well-being of the nation which is the well-being of its people."
	www.unesco.org /bpi/eng/unescopress/97-101e.htm (473 words)

	Special feature: Security in a shrinking world
		This article is condensed from the Pastrana Borrero lecture delivered by HM Queen Noor at the presentation of the 2001 UNEP Sasakawa Environment Prize in New York on 19 November 2001.
		They recognize that people have a fundamental right to their livelihood and to the use of their own resources – and rely on education and participation to show that environmental goals are compatible with this.
		As President Pastrana believed, peace is people living in harmony with each other, and with nature.
	www.ourplanet.com /imgversn/124/noor.html (1918 words)

	Denver Rocky Mountain News: MISAEL PASTRANA BORRERO, EX-PRESIDENT OF COLOMBIA CONSERVATIVE POLITICIAN RULED COUNTRY AS ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		MISAEL PASTRANA BORRERO, EX-PRESIDENT OF COLOMBIA CONSERVATIVE POLITICIAN RULED COUNTRY AS PART OF COALITION BETWEEN TWO MAIN POLITICAL PARTIES
		Misael Pastrana Borrero, the last of Colombia's National Front presidents, who governed as part of a coalition between the two main political parties, died Friday at a clinic in Bogota.
		A conservative politician whose sons took up his political mantle, Mr.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:5413442&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (236 words)

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