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Topic: Missile Technology Control Regime

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	CNS - THE MISSILE TECHNOLOGY CONTROL REGIME
		In that regard, the MTCR now sits on the horns of a dilemma: it is increasingly under fire for its perceived failure to stem the missile proliferation tide at the same time it is admonished for aggressive and discriminatory technology denial.
		Unlike a treaty-based regime, the MTCR is, at its core, simply an association of states seeking to coordinate their export licensing practices relevant to missile technology.
		While the impact of missile defense developments on the MTCR is difficult to predict, one possible response would be qualitative and quantitative increases in missile technology sales from China, in the former cases, and Russia, in the latter.
	cns.miis.edu /pubs/opapers/op3/mccarthy.htm (1318 words)

	Foreign Policy Controls - Missile Tech - Chapter 8
		The definitions for missile range and payload, which are key determinants of the level of control applicable to rocket and unmanned aerial vehicle systems (and had been the subject of several years of debate in the MTCR), were added to the list of terms in the Annex.
		Missile technology export controls are consistent with, and contribute to, achieving this objective.
		Missile sanctions are used to encourage the governments of the sanctioned entities to adopt responsible nonproliferation behavior and to send a clear message about the United States’ strong commitment to missile nonproliferation.
	www.bis.doc.gov /PoliciesAndRegulations/04ForPolControls/Chap8_MTCR.htm (2201 words)

	U. S. Bureau of Industry and Security - Missile Technology FAQs
		Missiles subject to MTCR controls are those rocket systems (including ballistic missile systems, space launch vehicles, and sounding rockets) and unmanned air vehicle systems (including cruise missile systems, target drones, and reconnaissance drones) capable of delivering at least 500 kilograms payload to a range of at least 300 kilometers.
		The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is an informal group of nations that coordinate their national export controls on goods and technology that can contribute to missile proliferation; the United States, along with 32 other countries, is a member.
		This means that members of these regimes will notify each other of their denials of exports licenses for items covered by the regimes, and other members agree to consult the denying country before approving an export of the same or similar items to the same end-user.
	www.bis.doc.gov /Licensing/MCTRFacts010802.html (1645 words)

	Arms Control Association: Fact Sheets: The Missile Technology Control Regime at a Glance
		Each MTCR member is supposed to establish national export control policies for ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, space launch vehicles, drones, remotely piloted vehicles, sounding rockets, and underlying components and technologies that appear on the regime's Material and Technology Annex.
		MTCR members are asked to obtain an assurance from the intended recipient that it will only use the export for the purpose claimed when requesting the deal.
		MTCR members spearheaded a voluntary November 2002 initiative, the International Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation, calling on all countries to show greater restraint in their own development of ballistic missiles capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction and to reduce their existing missile arsenals if possible.
	www.armscontrol.org /factsheets/mtcr.asp (1267 words)

	Bulletin 18 - The Missile Technology Control Regime
		The regime is designed to stem the spread of ballistic and cruise missiles capable of delivering a 500 kilogram payload 300 kilometers or more, by establishing a common export control policy (the Guidelines) and a shared list of controlled items (the Annex) that each country implements with its own national legislation.
		While the MTCR was originally meant to prevent the spread of missiles capable of carrying a nuclear warhead, it was expanded in January 1993 to also cover delivery systems for chemical and biological weapons.
		Regime partners attend annual meetings, share intelligence about other nations programs of proliferation concerns, conduct export control workshops and are involved in revising and updating the regime's guidelines and technical annex.
	www.inesap.org /bulletin18/bul18art04a.htm (454 words)

	Understanding the Missile Technology Control Regime
		The MTCR is effective in two ways: It restrains countries from supplying missile technology and equipment, and, by limiting the sources, impedes and often prevents countries from getting the necessary technology and equipment needed for developing their own missiles.
		The MTCR is not an exercise in keeping the "have not" countries from obtaining the same weapon systems for their own security that are enjoyed by the "have" countries.
		Rather, the MTCR is a valid effort to secure a stable world community based on the realization by a growing number of countries that the sale and transfer of missiles and their technology garners only marginal influence and is frequently counterproductive to their own security interests.
	www.fas.org /nuke/control/mtcr/news/930825-300657.htm (1367 words)

	- Missile Technology Control Regime - Plenary Meeting 2002
		The MTCR was established in 1987 with the aim of controlling exports of missiles capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction.
		The MTCR will continue to contribute to the fight against terrorism by limiting the risk of controlled items and their technology falling into the hands of terrorist groups and individuals and calls upon all states to take similar action.
		In this context, it re-emphasized the important role played by export controls, the need for their strict implementation and enforcement, and the need for continued adaptation and strengthening of such controls to respond to technological development and the evolving security environment.
	www.sipri.org /contents/expcon/mtcr02.html (648 words)

	CNS - Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
		The Missile Technology Control Regime (mtcr) is a set of guidelines regulating the export of missiles, unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), and related technology for those systems capable of carrying a 500 kilogram payload at least 300 kilometers, as well as systems intended for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
		The mtcr was formed in 1987 by the G-7 partners, and is an informal voluntary arrangement, not a treaty or an international agreement.
		China was not included in the original negotiations of the mtcr, and China initially insisted that, since it was not party to the mtcr negotiations and was not a member of the regime, China should not be held to mtcr restrictions.
	cns.miis.edu /research/india/china/mtcrorg.htm (1248 words)

	Missile Technology Control Regime
		The Missile Technology Control Regime is an informal and voluntary association of countries which share the goals of non-proliferation of unmanned delivery systems capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction, and which seek to coordinate national export licensing efforts aimed at preventing their proliferation.
		The MTCR was originally established in 1987 by Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
		The MTCR was initiated partly in response to the increasing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), i.e., nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.
	www.mtcr.info /english (341 words)

	EXPORT CONTROLS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Missile Technology Control Regime is an informal and voluntary association of countries which share the goals of nonproliferation of unmanned delivery systems for weapons of mass destruction, and which seeks to coordinate national export licensing efforts aimed at preventing their proliferation.
		MTCR controls are not intended to impede peaceful aerospace programs or international cooperation in such programs, as long as such cooperation could not be used for the delivery of WMD.
		MTCR Partner countries are keen to encourage all countries to observe the MTCR Guidelines on transfers of missiles and related technology as a contribution to common security.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /acda/factshee/exptcon/fs.htm (1316 words)

	Space Weapon Systems: A Looming Proliferation Threat
		But the MTCR explicitly states that controls placed on the export of ballistic missile technology are not meant to impede Third World space programs, regardless of whether they are military or not.
		But because the MTCR itself states that it is not meant to impede Third World space programs, it opens a tremendous loophole in the control regime.
		The primary obstacle in the effort to control space technology is the presumption in the international community that all countries are entitled to access to space.
	www.heritage.org /Research/MissileDefense/BG897.cfm (5978 words)

	Opinion
		Missiles have the drawback of being rather expensive and often the same destructive job can be done by heavier guns and aeroplanes without losing them in battle.
		And quite paradoxically, there is the monopoly of those countries in the so-called regime who in fact are the greatest producers of the deadly ware and their assemblies and components, and at the same breath are advocating arms control and drastic checks in missile proliferation in ‘other’ countries.
		MTCR is restrictive on range and payload of missiles and export of certain dual technology parts, but with the improvements in missile technologies, the Annexure which lays down the essential parameters of MTCR must be reviewed.
	www.defencejournal.com /2003/jan/missile_envy.htm (1676 words)

	Missile Proliferation and Missile Defences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The second two approaches are collaborative and require efforts by those with missile technology to assist others with non-military use of such technology, and to lessen the threat their own missiles provide to other countries.
		The Missile Technology Control Regime aims to prevent the proliferation of missiles by placing export controls on missile technology to states which do not have missiles or are considered potentially hostile.
		A major criticism of the regime is that it is discriminatory in that it allows certain countries to have and receive missile technology but not others.
	www.gsinstitute.org /pnnd/MissileProliferationandMissileDefences.htm (853 words)

	eBearing News - Missile Technology Control Regime Targets Bearings
		The MTCR Plenary Agreement is a 34-nation export control arrangement among the most technologically advanced nations capable of producing ballistic missiles and missile-related materials and equipment.
		MTCR sets a common policy that applies to all of the participating countries and is an attempt to control the international trade in advanced arms parts and technologies.
		Originally set up in 1987 to control the flow of nuclear missile technology, the MTCR was amended in 1993 to address chemical and biological weapons as well.
	www.ebearing.com /news2005/033101.htm (303 words)

	Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
		The MTCR is not a treaty, but a voluntary arrangement among member countries sharing a common interest in controlling missile proliferation.
		The Regime’s mandate was expanded in January 2003 to include preventing terrorists from acquiring missiles and missile technology.
		The MTCR Guidelines are open to all nations to implement, whether or not they are MTCR Partners; we encourage all governments to unilaterally adhere to the Guidelines.
	www.state.gov /t/isn/rls/fs/27514.htm (495 words)

	Arms Control Association: : MISSILE TECHNOLOGY CONTROL REGIME (MTCR) EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY ANNEX
		The transfer of design and production technology directly associated with any items in the Annex will be subject to as great a degree of scrutiny and control as will the equipment itself, to the extent permitted by national legislation.
		The term "digital control" refers to equipment, the functions of which are, partly or entirely, automatically controlled by stored and digitally coded electrical signals.
		A detector is defined as a mechanical, electrical, optical or chemical device that automatically identifies and records, or registers a stimulus such as an environmental change in pressure or temperature, an electrical or electromagnetic signal or radiation from a radioactive material.
	www.armscontrol.org /documents/mtcr.asp (3329 words)

	A Comprehensive Missile Control Regime: It¯ Not too Soon
		The concept of a comprehensive missile control regime may be worth renewed attention by those whose primary focus is the control and elimination of nuclear arsenals, an area where the available avenues for progress appear to be blocked.
		A missile control regime would still require additional means of verification, including routine and challenge inspections of space and missile launch facilities, monitoring of the destruction of missiles, monitoring of facilities previously used for ballistic missile production and those still used for civilian space purposes, and pre-launch inspection and observation of civilian space launches.
		A comprehensive missile control regime provides a positive alternative to the illusory destabilizing techno-fixes of counterproliferation weaponry and missile defense, rather than implicit recourse to the arid scholasticism of deterrence doctrine and the premeditated terror of deterrence practice.
	www.reachingcriticalwill.org /legal/nwc/mon2andy.html (1475 words)

	World Tribune.com: Proliferation summit convenes; Proliferators not interested
		So far, however, major missile powers and exporters of missile technology to the Middle East have not expressed interest in signing the code.
		The code was meant to be an outgrowth of the Missile Technology Control Regime, drafted in 1987 and which has 33 members.
		The regime bans the export of missiles with a range of more than 300 kilometers and a payload of 500 kilograms.
	www.worldtribune.com /worldtribune/WTARC/2002/eu_missiles_11_25.html (358 words)

	MISSILE TECHNOLOGY CONTROL REGIME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Among these were the Quadripartite Agreement between Argentina, Brazil, the IAEA and the Argentine-Brazilian Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Material, the Mendoza Declaration on Chemical and Biological Weapons, the entry into force for Brazil of the Tlatelolco Treaty and the founding of a Brazilian Space Agency (a civilian body).
		Though Brazil undertook in February 1994 to comply with the regime guidelines, it was still not eligible for admission, as it lacked enforceable export control legislation for sensitive goods and technologies.
		Brazil's admission to the regime is but a part of its policy of joining in international efforts to curb the spread of weapons of mass destruction.
	www.un.int /brazil/position/pp-missiletechcontrol.htm (313 words)

	The Missile Technology Control Regime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The regime is designed to slow and stem the spread of ballistic and cruise missiles capable of delivering a 500-kilogram payload 300 kilometers or more, by establishing a common export control policy and a shared list of controlled items that each country puts into force with its own national legislation.
		The regime was expanded in January of 1993 to include the limiting of technologies that could lead to the development of weapons of mass destruction.
		Although there are no sanctions mandated by the MTCR, the applicable U.S. laws that enforce the MTCR are the Arms Export Control Act, the Export Administrations, as amended by the 1990 Missile Control Act, and the National Defense Authorization Act for 1991.
	home.comcast.net /~sjchurch/deacon/peacemaking/missile.html (602 words)

	Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The MTCR restricts the export of delivery systems and related technology for those systems capable of carrying a 500 kilogram payload at least 300 kilometers, as well as systems intended for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction (WMD -- nuclear, chemical, and biological).
		The MTCR is a voluntary arrangement among 27 countries consisting of common export policies applied to a common list of controlled items.
		The Missile Technology Control Regime Lora Lumpe, FAS Ballistic Missile Defense in Perspective
	www.fas.org /nuke/control/mtcr (180 words)

	MissileThreat ::
		America’s complete vulnerability to ballistic missile attack increases with the proliferation of ballistic missile technology throughout the globe.
		An explanation of what ballistic missiles are, how to defend against them, and the fundamental issues which drive the debate over whether or not to defend America.
		Ballistic missiles may be destroyed during their flight using systems based on land, sea, air, or space.
	missilethreat.com /law/mtcr.html (397 words)

	Missile Technology Control Regime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), drafted by Dr. Richard H. Speier, is an informal and voluntary partnership between 34 countries to prevent the proliferation of missile technology.
		The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) was established in April of 1987 by Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Great Britain, and the United States.
		The People's Republic of China is not a member of the MTCR but has agreed to abide by the original 1987 Guidelines and Annex, but not the subsequent revisions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Missile_Technology_Control_Regime (425 words)

	Israel Missile Update 2005
		Israel is not a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime and has been identified by the U.S. Department of Commerce as a possible supplier of missile technology.
		Israel's Jericho-I missile is estimated to be capable of carrying a 450 to 650-kilogram payload up to 500 kilometers, and the Jericho-II of carrying a 750 to 1,000-kilogram payload considerably more than 1,500 kilometers.
		The Lance is a liquid-fueled, short-range, mobile, nuclear-capable missile with a range of 130 kilometers and a payload capacity of at least 210 kilograms.
	www.wisconsinproject.org /countries/israel/IsraelMissile2005.html (1344 words)

	China enacts laws to control missile technology exports
		China said Wednesday it has fully enacted regulations to control exports of nuclear, biological, chemical and missile technologies as it vowed to work with the United States on non-proliferation.
		Zhang also said Beijing was willing to join the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), a key non-proliferation group aimed at curbing the spread of ballistic missile technology capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction.
		The MTCR is an informal and voluntary association of 33 countries that also seeks to coordinate national export licensing efforts aimed at preventing the proliferation of destructive weapons.
	www.spacewar.com /2004/040721035119.e7podkkj.html (391 words)

	RAND \| Papers \| U.S. export control policy and the Missile Technology Control Regime
		The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) was created in 1987 to help control the spread of delivery system technology by means of parallel export restrictions among signatory member nations.
		In this already difficult context, formulation of coherent U.S. policy on export control is further hindered by domestic conflicts among government agencies.
		MTCR is not effective because participation and compliance are voluntary, and there is not adequate common understanding of what constitutes delivery system technology.
	www.rand.org /pubs/papers/P7615 (376 words)

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