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Topic: Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

	King Encyclopedia
		The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) was an interracial third party that challenged the all-white Mississippi delegation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
		The MFDP argued that because fl citizens were denied access to choosing delegates in the Mississippi Democratic Party, they represented the state’s only freely chosen delegation.
		The party’s efforts, however, did put a spotlight on the issue of voting rights and demonstrated that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was not enough.
	www.stanford.edu /group/King/about_king/encyclopedia/mfdp.htm (368 words)

	SNCC-Events
		Freedom Rides: During the Freedom Rides, SNCC members rode buses through the deep southern states where discrimination and segregation were most prominent.
		Freedom Ballot: SNCC members viewed gaining the right to vote as a significant move towards racial equality in the South.
		Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party: The Freedom Ballot set the stage for the Mississippi Summer Project, organized primarily by Bob Moses.
	www.ibiblio.org /sncc/events.html (236 words)

	Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
		Predictably, the state party's leaders did not permit fl participation in primaries or conventions, and so the fl citizens formed their own group, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.
		The MFDP was as overwhelmingly fl as the regular party was overwhelmingly white, though there were a very few white members of the MFDP, most notably a minister named Ed King.
		As Mississippi's Democratic party continued to refuse fl participation, and as its leaders continued to make statements supporting Goldwater, the MFDP organized itself down to the precinct level, and held elections to choose delegates to send to the Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City.
	www.cresswellslist.com /ballots2/mfdp.htm (953 words)

	mississippi
		The Mississippi and Chattahoochee Rivers bounded the territory in the west and in the east.
		Mississippi's government was established under guidelines similar to legislation that organized the Old Northwest Territories in 1787.
		Mississippi was perhaps the South's most segregated state, and many certainly believed they had much to defend; others understood the importance of cracking the monolith, for success there might make gains easier to achieve elsewhere.
	mississippi.50ustates.net (3219 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
		The 1968 National Convention of the U.S. Democratic Party was held in Chicago, Illinois from August 26 to August 29, 1968, for the purposes of choosing the Democratic nominee for the 1968 U.S. presidential election.
		The goal of the MFDP was to challenge the seating of the all-white Mississippi delegation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City.
		The MFDP planned to challenge the seats traditionally held by white Mississippians by arguing that the MFDP delegates be longed to the only freely chosen party in the state, as fls had been systematically denied access to choosing delegates in the Mississippi Democratic Party.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mississippi-Freedom-Democratic-Party (2549 words)

	April 23, 2001 - News - LEADING THE CHARGE
		One of the primary functions of the 1964 Freedom Summer was to build the membership of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party using the student volunteers who came south for the summer.
		The party’s goal was to be recognized as the legitimate delegation by the national party.
		Although the national party did not seat them on the convention floor, the benefit of their efforts would be reaped four years later in Chicago.
	www.thecommondenominator.com /042301_news4.html (688 words)

	International Socialist Review (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Freedom Summer proved to be the most violent summer of the civil rights movement, as local law enforcement, White Citizens Councils, and the Ku Klux Klan launched a wave of terror against activists and local Blacks.
		The MFDP delegates argued that they, not the state’s official Democratic delegates, were the legitimate delegation because they had run the only primaries open to all citizens, regardless of race.
		Activists were angered by the betrayal of the MFDP by the Democratic Party liberals, combined with the slow pace of civil rights in the face of the federal government’s unwillingness to intervene decisively to enforce them.
	www.isreview.org /issues/38/MFDP.shtml (4006 words)

	Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
		In 1964, the MDFP challenged the all-white Mississippi delegation to the Democratic Convention, and in l968, the Convention seated an integrated challenge delegation from Mississippi.
		The MFDP delegation challenged the seating of the delegates representing Mississippi's all white Democratic Party.
		Freedom School buildings and the volunteers' homes were frequent targets; 37 fl churches and 30 fl homes and businesses were firebombed or burned during that summer, and the cases often went unsolved.
	users.skynet.be /suffrage-universel/us/uspamfdp.htm (4937 words)

	Standing On My Sisters' Shoulders - A Civil Rights Documentary
		She was a co-founder of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party whose objective was to be recognized as delegates at the 1964 Democratic Convention.
		She became co-founder of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party which challenged the Democrats and President Johnson at the 1964 convention.
		A co-founder of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, she testified before the credentials committee and asked the searing question “Is this America?” where she and others like her had to live in fear because of their quest for freedom.
	www.sisters-shoulders.org /heroines1.html (743 words)

	It's time, again, for a Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (But why John Kerry?)
		In the mid-1960s, the Mississippi Democratic Party was in the grip of leaders committed to white supremacy and racial segregation.
		Of course, the party regulars resented this protest, and the national "progressive" leaders of the Democratic Party found it a nuisance, dividing the party and detracting attention away from nominee Lyndon Johnson.
		Now Mississippi Democrats are faced with a national Democratic Party captive to interest groups that wish to redefine marriage in ways that will reconfigure the most basic building block of human society, the nuclear family.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1171796/posts (865 words)

	Introduction to Freedom School Curriculum (A02)
		Freedom Summer was also supported the National Council of Churches, and during the summer volunteers of the Medical Committee for Human Rights, and lawyers from a variety of groups worked in Mississippi.
		Freedom Summer’s three programs, distinct yet reinforcing each other, were voter registration, Freedom Schools and Community Centers (see Prospectus for the Mississippi Freedom Summer.) The Freedom Schools’ major contribution to that process was to implement a curriculum based on the asking of questions whose answers were sought within the lives of the students.
		Like the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, the Freedom Schools were radical; their purpose was to replace an existing social institution with an institution rooted in the lived experience of those who had been exploited, oppressed, and excluded by the original system.
	www.educationanddemocracy.org /FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm (9921 words)

	Freedom Summer
		Mississippi was a "terrorist state" according to Richard Momeyer, then a field secretary from the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
		The MFDP was founded to challenge the authority of the white regulars that represented Mississippi and allow its citizens to have true representation in the 1964 Democratic National Convention.
		Freedom Summer didn't have a satisfying immediate result, but it brought change to Mississippi in the long run.
	w3.iac.net /~mcguffey/OxfordHistory/freedom_summer/index.html (999 words)

	freedom2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Freedom On My Mind vividly chronicles this complex and compelling history of theMississippi voter registration struggles of 1961 to 1964: the interracial nature of the campaign, the tensions and conflicts, the fears and hopes.
		The students and the MFDP organizers put together a delegation of sharecroppers, maids, and day-laborers to challenge the all-white delegates in the 1964 Democratic National Convention.
		Freedom On My Mind provides a sweeping panorama of a turbulent time: a time that tested America's purpose and its commitment to democracy.
	www.clarityfilms.org /Freedom/story.html (303 words)

	Teachers' Domain: Fannie Lou Hamer
		Fannie Lou Hamer was born in rural Mississippi in 1917, the youngest of 20 children and the granddaughter of slaves.
		The next two nights, Hamer and other members of the MFDP borrowed convention passes from sympathetic delegates from other states who were willing to give up their seats, only to be removed from the convention floor by security guards.
		The MFDP didn't win official recognition at the 1964 convention, but Hamer and her colleagues did bring the issue of African American voting rights to the attention of the Democratic Party and the nation, and at the same time produced a surge of fl voters in Mississippi.
	www.teachersdomain.org /9-12/soc/ush/civil/hamer/index.html (607 words)

	The Civil Rights Vigil at the 1964 Democratic Convention
		The 1964 Democratic Convention was seen by the civil rights movement as an opportunity to highlight the undemocratic exclusion of African-Americans from voting and participation in the political process.
		The Freedom Democratic Party of Mississippi was founded on April 26, 1964, as part of the voter registration drive.
		Although the FDP felt defeated, its presence publicized the exclusion of fls from the electorate and the Mississippi party.
	www.jofreeman.com /photos/mfdp64.html (467 words)

	MDFP
		The most dramatic result of the Freedom Summer and the one that received the most press coverage were the formation of the (MFDP) Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.
		The party had managed to get names of four MFDP candidates on the Mississippi Democratic primary ballot to be delegates to the convention, but they all lost, sine there was not many fls registered to vote.
		At first, the MFDP goal was to challenge the white the Mississippi Delegation as a way to dramatize the illegal exclusion of fls from the political process, but instead they gained nation-wide sympathetic support.
	library.thinkquest.org /C004391F/mdfp.htm (277 words)

	Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, Friend of Fannie Lou Hamer
		In the middle1960s came the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party as the counterweight to the all white male (no Negroes, please!) Mississippi Democratic Party.
		At the 1964 Democratic Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey, white party leaders were about to seat the all white male Mississippi delegation and the MFDP protested.
		Mississippi white male Democrats threatened to support Republican Barry Goldwater, and Johnson and Hubert Humphrey, scared of losing the South, sided with Mississippi regulars to bar Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party delegates.
	journals.aol.com /cwriter85/TodaysMissingNews/entries/2006/08/22/mississippi-freedom-democratic-party-friend-of-fannie-lou-hamer/994 (1298 words)

	MPR: The Mondale Lectures: Atlantic City Revisited
		Mondale says President Lyndon Johnson saw the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party's demand to replace the all-white delegation from their state as a threat to his bid for the presidency.
		The confrontation made headlines because the challenge mounted by the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party was broadcast on national television.
		Hamer and her fellow Freedom Party members won support at Atlantic City from national party delegates who were ready to vote to seat them.
	news.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/200002/11_olsond_mondalelectures (825 words)

	virginia
		Democratic ferment in the western part of the state and fl upheaval thus conspired to create an atmosphere of fear in which the entrenched elements in Virginia were able to reinforce traditional institutions.
		In 1902 Democrats accomplished this with the promulgation of a new frame of government, which set forth a literacy test and a poll tax as requisites for voting, which halved the electorate and denied nearly all fls the right to vote.
		The Democratic party began to disintegrate rapidly after the death of Byrd in 1966.
	virginia.50ustates.net (3665 words)

	A challenge that changed the Democratic party (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The strife caused by this challenge to the all-white Mississippi delegation brought Johnson to the brink of resignation and vice presidential nominee Hubert Humphrey to tears.
		The MFDP delegates adjourned to the sanctuary of a nearby church.
		The MFDP challenge, however, had forced the national Democratic Party to promise never to seat a delegation that excluded fls and became a catalyst for the women's and anti-war movements.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/04209/352214.stm (1857 words)

	Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
		Established in April 1964 at COFO's monthly state convention, the MFDP was organized to challenge the state's "regular" Democratic party, which for decades had denied fls the opportunity to participate in the electoral process.
		As MFDP delegate Fannie Lou Hamer spoke to the credentials committee and a national T.V. audience about the danger and difficulties of voting in Mississippi, President Johnson had the television station to cut away to an "emergency" speech of his own.
		Not so much about the political ramifications." The failure of the MFDP to gain representation at this convention signaled the decline of the civil rights movement and a rise in the influence of fl power advocates in the Magnolia state.
	www.usm.edu /crdp/html/cd/mfdp.htm (598 words)

	Tom Hayden
		If the cause of the Freedom Democrats was taken up by the Democratic Party, the rhetoric of political realignment would have turned into reality, and the War on Poverty would have become the priority instead of War in Vietnam.
		While the Freedom Democratic Party buses headed for Atlantic City, where the convention was held along a garish boardwalk, LBJ plotted to employ the party’s leading liberals to undermine the FDP challenge.
		The last time I saw him was in the Nineties, on another flight to Mississippi for a reunion of the 1964 volunteers, where I was deeply moved to sit on the floor and listen to so many of the movement’s grown-up children, including Bob’s, take part in freedom circle discussions of their own.
	www.tomhayden.com /socmov2.htm (2251 words)

	Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
		One of Freedom Summer's most important projects was the establishment of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) to challenge the all-white regular Democratic party in the state.
		Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, primarily African American political organization formed to protest racial exclusion by the all...
		Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) Established in April 1964 at COFO's monthly state convention, the MFDP was...
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/Mississippi_Freedom_Democratic_Party (329 words)

	Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
		The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party was a political party created in 1964 by fl and white Mississippians, with assistance from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, to win seats at the 1964 Democratic Convention for a slate of delegates elected by disenfranchised fl Mississippians and white sympathizers.
		Yet by 1964 the official state party no longer supported the national Democratic party or the President, Lyndon B. Johnson, because of Johnson's work to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
		State Party officials openly campaigned for the Republican candidate, Barry Goldwater, who was running strongly in the South on the strength of his opposition to civil rights laws.
	www.fact-index.com /m/mi/mississippi_freedom_democratic_party.html (1059 words)

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