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	Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party was an American political party created in the state of Mississippi in 1964, during the civil rights movement.
		State Party officials openly campaigned for the Republican candidate, Barry Goldwater, who was running strongly in the South on the strength of his opposition to civil rights laws of the type advocated by Johnson.
		When Mississippi voting registrars refused to recognize their candidates the held their own primary, selecting Fannie Lou Hamer, Annie Devine, and Victoria Gray to run for Congress and a slate of delegates to represent Mississippi at the 1964 national Democratic convention.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mississippi_Freedom_Democratic_Party (1296 words)

	Fannie Lou Hamer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		She was instrumental in organizing Mississippi's "Freedom Summer" for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and later became the Vice-Chair of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, attending the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in that capacity.
		She was born in Ruleville, Mississippi, on October 6, 1917, the youngest of 20 children in a family of slave descendents.
		In the summer of 1964, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, or "Freedom Democrats" for short, was organized with the purpose of challenging Mississippi's all-white and anti-civil rights delegation to the Democratic National Convention of that year as not representative of all Mississippians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer (1442 words)

	Black History Plays For Children
		Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, primarily African American political organization formed to protest racial exclusion by the all-white Mississippi Democratic Party at the Democratic National Convention in 1964.
		To prove that the regular Mississippi party blocked fl participation, the MFDP sent members to the regular Democratic precinct, county, district, and state conventions, at which the party chose its convention delegates.
		To be recognized as the official Mississippi delegation, the MFDP needed approval from the credentials committee.
	www.africanaonline.com /orga_mississippi_freedom_democratic_party.htm (567 words)

	King Encyclopedia
		Her testimony, which was aired on the evening television news, resulted in the Democratic Party offering the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) two at-large seats in the Mississippi delegation.
		Born in 1917 in Montgomery County, Mississippi, to cotton sharecroppers Ella and Jim Townsend, Fannie Lou was the youngest of twenty children.
		She remained active in civic affairs in Mississippi throughout her life and continued to speak and give interviews about the fl freedom movement until her death from cancer in 1977.
	www.stanford.edu /group/King/about_king/encyclopedia/hamer_fannie.htm (601 words)

	Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1964, the MDFP challenged the all-white Mississippi delegation to the Democratic Convention, and in l968, the Convention seated an integrated challenge delegation from Mississippi.
		Ironically enough, she was among the famous Mississippi "Freedom Party" activists who challenged the state’s all white delegation to the 1964 convention.
		Freedom School buildings and the volunteers' homes were frequent targets; 37 fl churches and 30 fl homes and businesses were firebombed or burned during that summer, and the cases often went unsolved.
	users.skynet.be /suffrage-universel/us/uspamfdp.htm (4937 words)

	April 23, 2001 - News - LEADING THE CHARGE
		One of the primary functions of the 1964 Freedom Summer was to build the membership of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party using the student volunteers who came south for the summer.
		The party’s goal was to be recognized as the legitimate delegation by the national party.
		Although the national party did not seat them on the convention floor, the benefit of their efforts would be reaped four years later in Chicago.
	www.thecommondenominator.com /042301_news4.html (688 words)

	Bloomfield College - Information Technology
		Fannie Lou Hamer was born on a plantation in the Mississippi hill country in 1918, the last child in a family of twenty children.
		Freedom Summer was a highly publicized campaign in the Deep South to register fls to vote during the summer of 1964.
		Freedom Summer was a 1964 voter registration project in Mississippi, part of a larger effort by civil rights groups such as the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to expand fl voting in the South.
	users.bloomfield.edu /FreedomSummer/history (1383 words)

	King Encyclopedia
		The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) was an interracial third party that challenged the all-white Mississippi delegation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
		Founded by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of civil rights groups involved with the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project, the MFDP sought to dramatize the systematic denial of African American voting rights in Mississippi.
		The party’s efforts, however, did put a spotlight on the issue of voting rights and demonstrated that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was not enough.
	www.stanford.edu /group/King/about_king/encyclopedia/mfdp.htm (372 words)

	SNCC-Events
		Freedom Rides: During the Freedom Rides, SNCC members rode buses through the deep southern states where discrimination and segregation were most prominent.
		Freedom Ballot: SNCC members viewed gaining the right to vote as a significant move towards racial equality in the South.
		Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party: The Freedom Ballot set the stage for the Mississippi Summer Project, organized primarily by Bob Moses.
	www.ibiblio.org /sncc/events.html (236 words)

	Newhouse A1
		Her son Everett, who was the first fl elected county prosecutor in Mississippi, is a Democratic national committeeman, and her grandson, Keelan, is the party's acting executive director.
		However it has effected Democratic Party fortunes, the Freedom Democratic challenge was a signal moment in a struggle to undo a system in which a single white party had absolute dominion over the region of the country where most African-Americans live.
		Forty years after Freedom Summer, at a time when he said most of America is less interested in racial justice, Mississippians, white and fl, have been working together to call to account the perpetrators of racial crimes of the 1950 and 1960s.
	www.newhousenews.com /archive/tilove072704.html (1271 words)

	Standing On My Sisters' Shoulders - A Civil Rights Documentary
		She was a co-founder of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party whose objective was to be recognized as delegates at the 1964 Democratic Convention.
		She became co-founder of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party which challenged the Democrats and President Johnson at the 1964 convention.
		A co-founder of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, she testified before the credentials committee and asked the searing question “Is this America?” where she and others like her had to live in fear because of their quest for freedom.
	www.sisters-shoulders.org /heroines1.html (743 words)

	Freedom Summer
		Mississippi was a "terrorist state" according to Richard Momeyer, then a field secretary from the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
		The MFDP was founded to challenge the authority of the white regulars that represented Mississippi and allow its citizens to have true representation in the 1964 Democratic National Convention.
		Freedom Summer didn't have a satisfying immediate result, but it brought change to Mississippi in the long run.
	w3.iac.net /~mcguffey/OxfordHistory/freedom_summer (999 words)

	International Socialist Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Both Freedom Summer and the MFDP were initiated by Black activists working in a Mississippi-based coalition of civil rights groups called Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), an organization that was originally formed in 1961 to free the jailed Freedom Riders.
		Freedom Summer proved to be the most violent summer of the civil rights movement, as local law enforcement, White Citizens Councils, and the Ku Klux Klan launched a wave of terror against activists and local Blacks.
		For many civil rights activists in Mississippi, this solidified an idea they had been moving toward since their failure to be seated at Atlantic City–that Blacks could not rely on liberal allies within the white political structure to win their rights, but would have to win them for themselves.
	www.isreview.org /issues/38/MFDP.shtml (4006 words)

	Freedom Summer
		The one we saw in Mississippi was run by lawless law officers and vicious thugs, while the "power structure" of nice white folks went along or deliberately encouraged it.
		Top FBI officials were already on the case in Mississippi, working on the assumption that the missing men had been killed and secretly buried soon after the Neshoba county sheriff had released them.
		That trouble is the unjustified, uncalled for invasion of that sovereign state by a bunch of Northern students schooled in advance in causing trouble under the guise of bringing "freedom" to Mississippi Negroes.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAfreedomS.htm (3165 words)

	The Civil Rights Vigil at the 1964 Democratic Convention
		The Freedom Democratic Party of Mississippi was founded on April 26, 1964, as part of the voter registration drive.
		In August, the FDP challenged the right of the regular party to seat its all-white delegation at the national Democratic convention, held in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
		Although the FDP felt defeated, its presence publicized the exclusion of fls from the electorate and the Mississippi party.
	www.jofreeman.com /photos/mfdp64.html (467 words)

	SNCC-Events: Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
		The Freedom Ballot set the stage for the Mississippi Summer Project, organized primarily by Bob Moses.
		SNCC worked hard in the winter and spring of 1963-64 preparing for the project, which was an urgent call to action for students in Mississippi to challenge and overcome the white racism in the state of Mississippi.
		The Mississippi Summer Project had three goals: registering voters, operating Freedom Schools, and organizing the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) precincts.
	www.ibiblio.org /sncc/mfdp.html (448 words)

	Civil Rights Movement 1955-1965: Mississippi & Freedom Summer
		One of Freedom Summer's most important projects was the establishment of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) to challenge the all-white regular Democratic party in the state.
		When all but three of the Mississippi delegates refused to pledge allegiance to the party, the MFDP delegates borrowed passes from sympathetic delegates and took the seats vacated by the Mississippi delegates until they were thrown out.
		When freedom school students from across the state gathered for a convention early in August, their increased confidence and political awareness were manifest in their approval of resolutions asking for enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,.
	www.watson.org /~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html (2043 words)

	A challenge that changed the Democratic party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The nation watched with rapt attention as the woman from Mississippi, tears streaming down her brown face, told a convention credentials committee of the horrors she'd endured trying to obtain the freedom America had promised.
		The strife caused by this challenge to the all-white Mississippi delegation brought Johnson to the brink of resignation and vice presidential nominee Hubert Humphrey to tears.
		In many Mississippi counties, fls were jailed, beaten, threatened with the loss of their jobs and even killed when they attempted to buck the system.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/04209/352214.stm (1857 words)

	Mississippi Freedom School
		The Freedom School project was proposed in late 1963 by Charles Cobb, a Howard University student.
		In their war against the academic poverty of Mississippi, where four times as much is spent per capita for the white student as for the Negro student, the Freedom Schools try to offer as many academic courses as they can: chemistry, algebra, remedial reading and math, Negro History, journalism.
		The children have no conception that Mississippi is a part of the United States; their view of American history is history with no Negroes in it.
	www.nathanielturner.com /mississippifreedomschool.htm (2412 words)

	MPR: The Mondale Lectures: Atlantic City Revisited
		Mondale says President Lyndon Johnson saw the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party's demand to replace the all-white delegation from their state as a threat to his bid for the presidency.
		The confrontation made headlines because the challenge mounted by the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party was broadcast on national television.
		Hamer and her fellow Freedom Party members won support at Atlantic City from national party delegates who were ready to vote to seat them.
	news.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/200002/11_olsond_mondalelectures (825 words)

	Early and International Protest - Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
		It was circulated as a leaflet in McComb, Mississippi, and printed in the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party newsletter of McComb on July 28, 1965.
		The statement was criticized by Southern Congressmen as an indication of the lack of patriotism of the MFDP.
		No Mississippi Negroes should be fighting in Vietnam for the White Man's freedom, until all the Negro People are free in Mississippi.
	www.aavw.org /protest/early_mfdp_abstract01.html (393 words)

	Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
		Unlike their ancestors in Mississippi who had voted overwhelmingly Republican in the 1870s, African Americans in 1964 wanted to support the national Democratic Party, including as it did many Northern friends of civil rights.
		Predictably, the state party's leaders did not permit fl participation in primaries or conventions, and so the fl citizens formed their own group, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.
		As Mississippi's Democratic party continued to refuse fl participation, and as its leaders continued to make statements supporting Goldwater, the MFDP organized itself down to the precinct level, and held elections to choose delegates to send to the Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City.
	www.cresswellslist.com /ballots2/mfdp.htm (953 words)

	village voice > specials > Letters by
		Later Hamer and a few of us were momentarily tolerated in the newly created Loyalist Democratic Party of Mississippi, led by pro-war white liberals using safe fls and manageable NAACP men who received War on Poverty money to fight the movement and build a control mechanism for the newly registered fl voters.
		In a final Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party effort in 1972, Hamer was defeated by the Loyalists in her bid to become national committeewoman.
		In 1968 the movement was in the streets of Chicago, not in the bosom of the Democratic Party.
	www.villagevoice.com /specials/0147,letters,30085,7.html (926 words)

	Robert Horwitz, "Broadcast Reform Revisited..."
		The Commission on Freedom of the Press, a distinguished group of intellectuals assembled at the behest of publisher Henry Luce by the famed educator Robert Maynard Hutchins in 1943, dallied with ideas of fundamentally revamping the nation's media structure.
		An officer of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, Aaron Henry was a principal in the momentous and contentious challenge to the Mississippi delegation's legitimacy to sit at the 1964 Democratic convention (McDowell & Loventhal, 1971).
		And, as noted earlier, the FCC was a party to the negotiations to secure Robert Smith airtime during the 1962 primary campaign in the aftermath of WLBT's improper refusal.
	www.communication.ucsd.edu /people/f_horwitz_brr.html (12582 words)

	Reflections on legacy of Freedom Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party did not accomplish its mission of replacing the all-white Mississippi delegation in 1964.
		Today, Mississippi has more fl elected officials than any other state, and almost half of the delegates to this week's Democratic National Convention are minorities.
		-- Emma Sanders was an MFDP delegate in 1964, is a 2004 delegate and is a retired officer of the Mississippi Democratic Party.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/04209/352219.stm (752 words)

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