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Topic: Mithradates I of Parthia

	Parthia - LoveToKnow 1911
		Parthia became a province of the Achaemenian and then of the Macedonian Empire.
		But Seleucus was soon recalled by a rebellion in Syria, and Arsaces returned victorious to Parthia; " the day of this victory is celebrated by the Parthians as the beginning of their independence " (Justin xli.
		He died early, and was succeeded not by one of his sons but by his brother, Mithradates I., who became the founder of the Parthian empire.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PA/PARTHIA.htm (2383 words)

	Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parthia was led by the Arsacid dynasty, who reunited and ruled over the Iranian plateau, taking over the eastern provinces of the Greek Seleucid Empire, beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 150 BCE and 224 CE.
		Parthia (mostly due to their invention of heavy cavalry) was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the east; and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (central Anatolia).
		In 41 BCE Parthia, led by Labienus, invaded Syria, Cilicia, and Caria and attacked Phrygia in Asia Minor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parthia (3018 words)

	Parthia: History
		By the time of Mithradates I's death, Parthia had expanded to include Mesopotamia, the richest and most populous of the regions in the Parthian empire, and the most Hellenized, as well as Elymais and Persis, thus completing their control of the overland trade routes between east and west.
		Upon Mithradates II's death in 88 BC, the empire fell into confusion with Gotarzes I, already in open revolt against Mithradates, gaining control of the western parts of the empire, and Orodes I in control of the east.
		The anarchy which followed Mithradates' death was finally ended in 77 BC by Sinatruces, brother of Mithradates II, who returned from exile among the Scythians at the age of eighty.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/parthia/frames/phisfm.htm (2182 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Parthia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the East and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (central Anatolia).
		Parthia controlled the Silk Road, the trade route between the Mediterranean Sea and China.
		According to a modern estimate, the gold and silver were sufficient to postpone a European economic crisis for three or four decades, and the consequences of the looting for Parthia were dire.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Parthia (2919 words)

	Parthia - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The borders of Parthia were the Kopet Dag mountain range in the north (today the border between Iran and Turkmenistan) and the Dasht-e Kavir desert in the south.
		The Persian satrap of Parthia was Hystaspes, the father of the new Persian king; he managed to stand his ground against the Parthian rebels in the city Vishpauzâtish, where he repelled his enemies on 8 March 521.
		In the confusion, Parthia was attacked by the Parni, a nomad tribe from the Central-Asian steppe.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Parthia (736 words)

	Mithridates I of Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was the son of Phriapatius of Parthia (191–176 BC), King of Parthia (died c.
		Mithradates I resumed the striking of coins, which had been suspended ever since Arsaces II of Parthia (211–191 BC) had been forced to submit to the Seleucid Antiochus III (223–187 BC) in 206 BC.
		Mithridates I's son, Phraates II of Parthia (138–128 BC), succeeded him on his death as King.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mithridates_I_of_Parthia (332 words)

	Mithradates III - LoveToKnow 1911
		A Parthian king Mithradates, who must have occupied the throne for a short time during the reign of Phraates IV., is mentioned by Jos.
		The name of another pretender Mithradates (often called Mithradates IV.) occurs on a coin of the first half of the 2nd century, written in Aramaic, accompanied by the Arsacid titles in Greek (Wroth, Catal.
		219) he appears to be identical with Meherdotes, one of the rival kings of Parthia who fought against Trajan in '16; he died in an attack on Commagene and appointed his son Sanatruces successor, who fell in a battle against the Romans (Arrian ap.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Mithradates_III (403 words)

	Parthians, A History Of
		Parthia was an ancient land corresponding roughly to the modern region of Khorasan in Iran.
		In 95 BC the Armenian Tigranes II, a hostage at the court of Mithradates, was placed on the throne of Armenia by his Parthian overlord, and the small kingdoms of northern Mesopotamia--Adiabene, Gordyene, and Osroene--gave allegiance to Mithradates.
		Mithradates II died about 87 BC, although he may have died earlier, since the period after 90 BC is dark and a usurper named Gotarzes may have ruled for a few years in Mesopotamia.
	history-world.org /parthians.htm (3958 words)

	Mithridates I of Parthia
		He was the son of Phriapatius, King of Parthia (died c.
		During his reign, the Parthians took Babylonia (144 BC), Media (141 BC) and Persia (139 BC), when Mithridates captured the Seleucid ruler Demetrius II of Syria.
		Mithradates resumed the striking of coins, which had been suspended ever since Arsaces II (c.
	www.reboom.com /article/Mithradates_I_of_Parthia.html (267 words)

	History of Iran: Parthian Empire
		After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, Parthia, northeastern Iran, was governed by the Seleucid kings: a Macedonian dynasty that ruled in the Asian territories of the former Persian Empire.
		In the confusion, Parthia was overrun by the Parni, a nomad tribe from the Central-Asian steppe.
		In July 141 BCE Mithradates captured the Seleucid capital Seleucia, and in October he reached Uruk in the south of Babylonia.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/parthians/parthians.php (1968 words)

	Parthia - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		At its height, Parthia occupied areas now in Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine and Israel.
		In his accounts Parthia is named "Ānxī", a transliteration of "Arsacid", the name of the Parthian dynasty.
		You can find it there under the keyword Parthia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthia)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parthiaandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Parthia (2986 words)

	CoinArchives.com Search Results
		Newell, Mithradates of Parthia and Hyspaosines of Characene: A Numismatic Palimpsest (NNM 26 [1925]), pl. II, 7; Houghton 1322 corr.
		Parthia, Mithradates II (c.122-91 B.C.), Seleucia, AR Tetradrachm, 15.77g., diademed bust of king left, within circular beaded border, rev. archer seated right on omphalos, legend around: baÓiËeÙÓ meÃaËoy apÓakoy eÐiÖanovÓ, letters tv in exergue (cf.
		Parthia, AR Drachms (3): Gotarzes I (Phraates III) (95-90 B.C.), bust of king left, wearing tiara decorated with stags; Vardanes I (c.
	www.coinarchives.com /a/results.php?results=1000&search=parthia (4968 words)

	Roma - Important Neighbors
		Parthia itself was an old province of the Achemenian Dynasty, which collapsed after the conquest of Alexander the Great in 321 BCE.
		Parthia was always a frontier state, situated on the fringes of he Achemenian Empire near modern day Turkmenistan.
		In 125 BCE, Mithradates I of Parthia attacked the Seleucids and was able to capture Media, Persis and parts of northern India.
	library.thinkquest.org /26907/neigh.htm (1536 words)

	Mithradates VI and Rome
		Mithradates VI Mithradates VI Eupator, king of Pontus, was by ancestry a Persian noble.
		Mithradates VI Eupator Dionysus escaped from his mother's tutelage and went into hiding, returning after a number of years to take over Sinope (the capital).
		In brief, what Mithradates wanted was to be able to grow his kingdom, in the same way that modern corporations like to grow their profits.
	www.uvm.edu /~bsaylor/rome/mithridates.html (1062 words)

	Fabricius Flavius/Parthia
		But by 40 B.C. even Rome had to acknowledge a Parthia whose forces, under the joint command of Pacorus I and Q. Labienus, a Roman, had struck directly into the heart of the Roman East and captured the provinces of Asia, Pamphylia, Cilicia, and Syria; even as far south as Petra, Parthia's word was law.
		The western border between Rome's dominions and Parthia gradually stabilized on the banks of the Euphrates, but war was always a threat and though major campaigns by the Romans were seen in A.D. 116, 161, 195, 217 and 232.
		Parthian language is a Middle Iranian language originated in Parthia (mainly the northeastern corner of modern,Iran and central-western south of Turkmenistan),and became the oficial language of Arsacid period.
	magellannarfe.com /Parthia/index.html (1574 words)

	Phraates II of Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phraates II of Parthia, son of Mithradates I of Parthia (171–138 BC), the conqueror of Babylon, ruled the Parthian Empire from 138 BC to 128 BC.
		Antiochus VII, however, was defeated and killed in a great battle in Media in 129 BC, which ended the Seleucid rule east of the Euphrates.
		Meanwhile Parthia was invaded by the Scythians (the Tochari of Bactria), who had helped Antiochus VII.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phraates_II_of_Parthia (194 words)

	SOME COMMENTS ON PARTHIAN HISTORY by Robert M. Harlick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Parthia did not spring up full-blown-- in the 7th century the Assyrians raided an area called Parthia, and 100 years later Cyrus the Great included Parthia in the Persian empire.
		During the reign of Mithradates I (171-138) the Parthian empire was expanded from Parthia proper to become a world power.
		Nonetheless, inroads were made on the Parthian kingdom until Mithradates II (123-88) reconquered all and assumed the title King of Kings.
	ancient-coins.com /articles/parthia/parthia2.htm (851 words)

	Online Knowledge Explorer®/Encyclopedia Americana® (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Mithradates was the first Parthian to use the old Achaemenid title "king of kings" on his coins, an indication of his authority over local rulers.
		Succession to the throne among the early Parthian rulers frequently had followed the nomadic principle of choosing the brother or a mature relative of the king, rather than the son, especially if he were young.
		Media and the home province of Parthia, as well as central Mesopotamia, were the heartlands of Parthian rule, and from there comes evidence of satraps ruling much smaller areas than in Achaemenid times.
	oke.grolier.com /InfoOffset=30818&FFC=F&MajorVersion=11&OEMTag=RV&EAID=0308950-01.ea (3755 words)

	Parthia: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		According to U.S. FDA standards, 1 cup of orange juice is allowed to contain 10 fruit fly eggs, but only 2 maggots.
		...Mithridates II of Parthia Mithridates II of Parthia Mithridates II (the Great), was the king of...Mithridates-III-of-Parthia Mithridates III of Parthia Mithradates III).
		...Parthia Parthia This is a stub article The Parthian Empire ruled the Iranian...
	www.encyclopedian.com /pa/Parthia.html (212 words)

	Articles - Parthia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Parthia (Persian: Ø§Ø´Ú©Ø§Ù†ÛŒØ§Ù† AshkÃ¢niÃ¢n), led by the Arsacid dynasty, reunited and ruled over the Iranian plateau, after breaking up the Greek Seleucid Empire, beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 150 BCE and 224 CE.
		An Shih Kao, a Parthian nobleman and Buddhist missionary, went to the Chinese capital Luoyang in 148 CE where he established temples and became the first man to translate Buddhist scriptures into Chinese.
		´´Parthia´´ derives from Latin ´´Parthia´´, from Old Persian ´´Parthava-´´, a dialectical variant of the stem ´´Parsa-´´, from which Persia derives.
	www.centralairconditioners.net /articles/Parthia (2680 words)

	Iranica.com - TIGRAN II, THE GREAT, king of Armenia
		His marriage to Cleopatra, the daughter of Mithradates VI of Pontus, caused him to support his father-in-law's attempt to annex the neighboring kingdom of Cappadocia, whose ruler was a client of Rome (Justin, 38.3.1-3).
		During this period, his attention was primarily focused on the threat in the east of the Parthian empire, temporarily weakened by the death of Mithradates II in 88 BCE.
		The alliance with Mithradates of Pontus was maintained; Lucullus's army, harried by guerilla, insufficiently supplied, and unaccustomed to the rigor of the Armenian winter, mutinied and failed to reach the old northern capital of Artaæat (Plutarch, Luc.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/ot_grp7/ot_tigran_20050310.html (2405 words)

	Parthian Ruler List
		Son of Mithradates I, he inherited the throne at a young age as shown by his short beard on his coins.
		The civil unrest which followed the death of Mithradates II was finally ended during his reign, and the "regular" order of succession reestablished.
		Re-established strong central control in Parthia and influence in Armenian affairs, and was responsible for defeating Roman ambitions in the east, most notably with the defeat of Crassus at Carrhae in 53 BC.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/parthia/frames/prulfm.htm (1456 words)

	danrogers - pafg1055 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		King Phraates I of Parthia was born in 195 BC.
		King Phraates II of Parthia [Parents] was born in 150 BC.
		Arsaces I of Parthia King was born in 290 BC.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~dantrogers/pafg1055.htm (183 words)

	My Lines - Person Page 95
		He was the son of King of Parthia and Media Atropatene Mithradates III Arakuni and Princess of the Artashesian.
		She married King of Parthia Orodes II Arakuni, son of King of Parthia Phraates III Arakuni and Piritana Arakuni, 0075 B.C. Children of Princess of Commagene Ervanduni and King of Parthia Orodes II Arakuni:
		Laodice Thea Philadelphos Seleucid married Mithradates I Kallinikos, King of Commagene, son of Samus II Theosebes Dikaios, King of Commagene and Pythodoris Arshâmid, 0101 B.C. She was born 0119 B.C..
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~cousin/html/p95.htm (8057 words)

	Mithradates II Drachm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As the archer is seated on a throne rather than a stool, this probably represents the king himself.
		The bow was the symbol of the might of Parthia's mounted archers, the strength of their nation.
		Mithradates II stands out in the history of Parthian kings as one of their most able rulers.
	www3.sympatico.ca /northshore3/html/mithefhz.html (131 words)

	Euphrates Chronicle (BCHP 20)
		The Mithradates, who is most likely mentioned in line 1, is certainly not an Arsacid king.
		Del Monte (1997: 57) assumes that the function is the successor of the “general who is in charge of the four generals of Akkad.” We assume that this chief general was a central position of the empire and not a functionary of the satrapy of Babylonia.
		Mithradates, the chief general may well have been in function in 94 BC.
	www.livius.org /cg-cm/chronicles/bchp-euphrates/euphrates_2.html (1273 words)

	Angela Fairmeadow \| planet Mercury will trigger destruction of our solar system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Mithradates I of Parthia, 171-138 BC, ruled a loosely cohesive confederation that sprawled from Mesopotamia to Hindu Cush, which included Babylonia until his brother Artabanus I lost it to the Characenes circa 127-124 BC after Mithradates' son, Phraates II, died.
		The Mithradatic kings of Parthia initially wore a simple band as a crown that depicted the cosmic circle until it was eventually combined with an bowl-shaped tiara that symbolized the throne.
		During the reign of Mithradates VI ("the Great") of Pontus, who lived circa 120-63 BC and fought three wars against Rome to be finally defeated by General Pompey, for which Pompey himself became "Pompey the Great," pirates were known to be worshipping Mithra.
	www.angelafairmeadow.com /af_mercury_and_mithra.htm (7599 words)

	brief history of Armenia - world history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Parthia, successor to the core of Alexander's Asian empire, was established along northern Persia (ca250), with claims of suzerainty over all surrounding regions.
		In 88, the Roman general Sulla was given a free hand in Pontus (northeastern Anatolia) by Orobaze, ambassador of Mithradates II of Parthia, and the Euphrates river was accepted as the frontier between Rome and Parthia.
		The status of Armenia was not defined although, as Pontus lay north of Armenia, Rome must have considered Armenia part of its sphere of influence.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /a/armenia.html (439 words)

	Mithraism
		Several of their kings were called Mithradates, meaning "given by Mithra", starting with Mithradates I of Parthia (died 138 BC).
		The title of the god Mithras was used in the dynasties of Pontus, Parthia, Cappadocia, Armenia and Commagene by emperors with the name Mithradates.
		Mithradates VI, king of Pontus (northern Turkey) in 120-63 B.C. became famous for being the first monarch to practice immunization by taking poisons in gradually increased doses.
	www.crystalinks.com /mithraism.html (4048 words)

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