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Topic: Mitigation

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	Emergency management - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mitigation efforts attempt to prevent hazards from developing into disasters altogether, or to reduce the effects of disasters when they occur.
		However, mitigation is not always suitable and structural mitigation in particular may have adverse effects on the ecosystem.
		Personal structural mitigation in earthquake prone areas include seismic retrofits of property and the securing of items inside the building like the mounting of furniture, refrigerators, water heaters and breakables to the walls.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mitigation (1997 words)

	EPA > Wetlands > Wetlands Fact Sheet > Mitigation Banking
		A mitigation bank is a wetland, stream, or other aquatic resource area that has been restored, established, enhanced, or (in certain circumstances) preserved for the purpose of providing compensation for unavoidable impacts to aquatic resources permitted under Section 404 or a similar state or local wetland regulation.
		Mitigation banks are a form of “third-party” compensatory mitigation, in which the responsibility for compensatory mitigation implementation and success is assumed by a party other than the permittee.
		Mitigation banking programs were well-positioned to address many of these issues by providing for easier monitoring, long-term stewardship, and unambiguous transfer of liability for assuring mitigation success from the permittee to the banker.
	www.epa.gov /owow/wetlands/facts/fact16.html (1626 words)

	EPA > Wetlands > Policy and Technical Guidance > Federal Guidance for the Establishment, Use and Operation of ...
		Mitigation credits generated by banks of this nature should be based solely on those values in the bank that are supplemental to the public program(s) already planned or in place, that is, baseline values represented by existing or already planned public programs, including preservation value, should not be counted toward bank credits.
		The agencies' preference for on-site mitigation, indicated in the 1990 Memorandum of Agreement on mitigation between the EPA and the Department of the Army, should not preclude the use of a mitigation bank when there is no practicable opportunity for on-site compensation, or when use of a bank is environmentally preferable to on-site compensation.
		Mitigation banks developed as part of an area-wide management plan to address a specific resource objective (e.g., restoration of a particularly vulnerable or valuable wetland habitat type) may be such an example.
	www.epa.gov /owow/wetlands/guidance/mitbankn.html (6976 words)

	ADEM - Mitigation
		Mitigation involves keeping homes and other structures away from floodplains, engineering bridges to withstand earthquakes, creating and enforcing effective building codes to protect property from hurricanes and more.
		Mitigation is defined as "sustained action that reduces or eliminates long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects." It describes the ongoing effort at the Federal, State, local, and individual levels to lessen the impact of disasters upon our families, homes, communities and economy.
		Mitigation is a way to reduce property loss and save lives.
	www.dem.state.az.us /operations/mitigation/index.htm (446 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Mitigation of global warming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The mitigation of global warming covers all actions aimed at reducing the extent or likelihood of global warming, as well as actions aimed at reducing the negative effects of global warming.
		The increasing scientific consensus on global warming, together with the precautionary principle and the fear of non-linear climate transitions committed.
		Mitigation of the effects of global warming (often referred to as "adaptation" in climate change circles) focusses on defending against rising sea levels through better flood defences and by changing patterns of land use (avoiding more vulnerable areas for housing).
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Mitigation_of_global_warming (2641 words)

	VERMONT EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
		Mitigation begins with local communities assessing their risks and repetitive problems and making a plan for creating solutions to these problems and reducing the vulnerability of its citizens and property to risk.
		Mitigation is defined as "sustained action that reduces or eliminates long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects." It describes the ongoing effort at the Federal, State, local, business, and individual efforts to lessen the impact of disasters upon our families, homes, communities and economy.
		The end result of Mitigation is a reduction in the cost of natural disaster response and recovery to each individual Vermont taxpayer; both in a decrease in costs to State and Federal governments and also in the losses suffered by each homeowner in the event of a natural disaster.
	www.dps.state.vt.us /vem/mitigation.htm (465 words)

	Wetland Mitigation Banking Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mitigation banks typically involve the consolidation of many small wetland mitigation projects into a larger, potentially more ecologically valuable site.
		However, in contrast to traditional mitigation activities, mitigation banking requires that compensation--restoration, creation, enhancement, and/or preservation--occurs before a site is affected by a project.
		Each mitigation bank applicant must demonstrate that performance standards are met prior to the releasing of credits.
	www.ecy.wa.gov /programs/sea/wetmitig/index.html (1180 words)

	Mitigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mitigation involves keeping homes away from floodplains, engineering bridges to withstand earthquakes, creating and enforcing effective building codes to protect property from tornadoes, hurricanes -- and more.
		For example, mitigation measures can be applied to strengthen your home, so that your family and belongings are better protected from floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, and other natural hazards.
		Mitigation technologies can be used to strengthen hospitals, fire stations, and other critical service facilities so that they can remain operational or reopen more quickly after an event.
	www.gcemergsvcs.com /mitigation.htm (397 words)

	Insurance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, to obtain certain types of insurance, such as fire insurance, policyholders are often required to conduct risk mitigation practices, such as installing sprinklers and using fireproof building materials to reduce the odds of loss to fire.
		Avoiding, mitigating and transferring certain risk creates greater predictability for consumers and business, and allows people and organizations to use risk intelligently to maximize their opportunities.
		To reduce their own financial exposure, insurance companies have contractual clauses that mitigate their obligation to provide coverage if the insured engages in some kind of behavior that grossly magnifies their risk of loss or liability.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Insurance (6326 words)

	APU students' union : Mitigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mitigation is the process by which the University makes allowance for any matter or circumstance that affects your assessment if you fail a module.
		A claim must be submitted to your Faculty Office on a Mitigating Circumstances Form (available from the SU Advice Service) within five working days after the submission date for the assessment and / or the end of the examination period.
		If your request for mitigation is accepted, the Awards Board will use its discretion to find a suitable way of reassessing you, which normally involves being assessed again without any penalty.
	apusu.com /main/EducationWelfareAdvice/leaflets/adviceguides/Mitigation (664 words)

	Mitigation Planning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An important task of local officials, and the purpose of a hazard mitigation plan, is to eliminate the impact of natural hazards on human activity and the built environment with their communities.
		The primary purpose of hazard mitigation is to ensure that fewer Americans and their communities are victims of natural disasters.
		A local mitigation plan should be prepared before a disaster to guide risk reduction activities before an event; it should also be reviewed, and amended if necessary, regularly to prevent the loss of significant mitigation opportunities.
	www.tnema.org /Mitigation/Planning.htm (1163 words)

	Wetland Mitigation Banking in King County
		Mitigation banks are a form of regional compensatory mitigation, with the goal of providing greater resource protection and benefit to the public.
		Mitigation banking can also result in wetlands of greater ecological value by reducing the effects of habitat fragmentation and through the restoration of historic wetland diversity and distribution within a watershed.
		A mitigation bank site is a property purchased and developed by a public agency or utility to earn credits to compensate for adverse impacts to wetlands due to development activities of other agencies, utilities or, in specific instances, private sector developers.
	dnr.metrokc.gov /wlr/BASINS/MITIBANK.htm (225 words)

	Mitigation Index
		Disaster Mitigation is any action or measure that either prevents that occurrence of a disaster or reduces the severity of its effects.
		Hazard mitigation planning is a collaborative process whereby hazards affecting the community are identified, vulnerability to the hazards are assessed, and consensus reached on how to minimize or eliminate the effects of these hazards.
		The purpose of the program is to reduce the loss of life and property due to natural disasters and to enable mitigation measures to be implemented during the immediate recovery from a disaster.
	www.ohsep.louisiana.gov /hlsmitigation/mitigationindex.htm (397 words)

	Flood Mitigation Planning-Part 1 (Informer)
		This issue should be read by anyone involved in a community flood mitigation program, especially city and county planners, because it provides valuable advice on how a community can reduce its vulnerability to floods while also meeting other community goals such as economic vitality and environmental quality.
		It is based on the authors' 40 years of combined experience in flood mitigation planning and the lessons learned by others who have helped refine the CRS criteria into a proven approach.
		For example, a mitigation plan designed by an engineer often favors structural measures, while a plan prepared by an emergency manager may be biased toward flood warning and response activities.
	www.colorado.edu /hazards/informer/infrmr1/infrmr1a.htm (2596 words)

	Mitigation
		Experience with radon mitigation systems has developed to the point that virtually any home can be fixed, either by a trained radon contractor, or in some cases, by homeowners who accomplish the repairs themselves.
		Research by public and private agencies, years of extensive hands-on mitigation experience, and long-term follow-up studies on the durability of radon mitigation systems have formed a strong knowledge base of proven mitigation techniques for homes, schools, and commercial buildings.
		Part of the mitigation cost can depend upon what is required to conceal the system and maintain the aesthetic value of the home.
	www.arra.state.az.us /RadonWeb/mitigation.htm (1520 words)

	Mitigation Planning
		Mitigation before disaster strikes is essential, as hazards in Alaska can not be eliminated.
		A long-term commitment to hazard mitigation, through the development and adoption of this plan, will make Alaska a safer place for Alaskan's to live and work.
		Version 2 (V2) is currently being updated to meet the criteria of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 and 44 CFR parts 210 and 206.
	www.ak-prepared.com /plans/mitigation/mitigationplan.htm (190 words)

	Orbital Debris Mitigation
		Controlling the growth of the orbital debris population is a high priority for NASA, the United States, and the major space-faring nations of the world to preserve near-Earth space for future generations.
		Mitigation measures can take the form of curtailing or preventing the creation of new debris, designing satellites to withstand impacts by small debris, and implementing operational procedures ranging from utilizing orbital regimes with less debris, adopting specific spacecraft attitudes, and even maneuvering to avoid collisions with debris.
		In 1995 NASA was the first space agency in the world to issue a comprehensive set of orbital debris mitigation guidelines.
	www.orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov /mitigate/mitigation.html (519 words)

	Mitigation
		The National Multi-Hazard Mitigation Partnership - The purpose of the International Multi-Hazard Mitigation Partnership is to reduce loss of life and property caused by earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, aging, and hostile acts.
		NEMA State Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Database - is a national database which lists all approved state hazard mitigation grant projects.
		The group has become a respected voice in floodplain management practice and policy in the United States because it represents the flood hazard specialists of local, state and federal government, the research community, the insurance industry, and the fields of engineering, hydrologic forecasting, emergency response, water resources, and others.
	www.floridadisaster.org /bpr/EMTOOLS/mitigate.htm (983 words)

	Homeland Security Databases and Web Based Bibliographic Information
		The main goal of IIEES is seismic risk reduction and mitigation both in Iran and the region by promoting research and education in science and technology related to seismotectonic, seismology and earthquake engineering.
		Center research is directed at developing effective and economical mitigation measures considering the unique physical, technical, social, and economic features of the earthquake problem in mid-America.
		Included are a description and outline of the project, case studies from around the world, guidelines for developing local RADIUS-type risk management projects, a description of a "Tool for Earthquake Damage Estimation" developed for RADIUS and available on CD-ROM, a comparative study of the RADIUS initiative around the world, and a project evaluation.
	ccs.tamu.edu /homeland_security/mitigation.asp (2810 words)

	The Independent: Special Issues: Hurricane Katrina: Disaster in the making
		Federal funding of post-disaster mitigation efforts designed to protect people and property from the next disaster has been cut in half, and now, communities across the country must compete for pre-disaster mitigation dollars.
		The need for more systematic mitigation efforts was driven home by 1996's Hurricane Fran, which killed 37 people and caused tens of billions of dollars in damages.
		The administration also argues that its new pre-disaster mitigation grants, which are awarded on a competitive basis, will help states pick up the slack.
	www.indyweek.com /durham/2004-09-22/cover.html (4601 words)

	Mitigation Connection, LLC - Wetland Mitigation Banking and Projects
		Mitigation Connection‚ LLC offers a comprehensive "win-win" solution for those seeking to balance economic development with environmental integrity.
		At Mitigation Connection‚ LLC we believe an entrepreneurial approach to wetland mitigation can bridge the gap between environmental needs and economic reality.
		From full service wetland and stream mitigation banks to custom tailored mitigation properties, Mitigation Connection‚ LLC has a solution for your wetland and stream mitigation needs.
	www.mitigationconnection.com (213 words)

	Hazard Mitigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Buildings designed and constructed using these mitigation techniques can be expected to reduce loss of life, injuries and property damage when a natural hazard strikes.
		To accelerate institutionalization of hazard mitigation in North Carolina, the Hazard Mitigation Planning Initiative (HMPI) was initiated by NC leadership, under the NC Division of Emergency Management.
		The Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Manual, prepared by the Risk Assessment and Planning Branch of the N.C. Emergency Management Division, is a guide for government officials and planners.
	www.sustainablenc.org /thewaytogo/main/hazard.htm (1407 words)

	American Red Cross
		Our goals are: 1) to raise the public's awareness of the natural and human-caused hazards that threaten them; 2) to educate people on what they can and should do to better protect themselves and their property; and 3) to motivate them to take those steps.
		Latches are applied to cabinet doors, bookcases and shelves are bracketed to wall studs, and hot water heaters are anchored to prevent them from falling during an earthquake.
		Finally, the Red Cross is also aggressively integrating disaster preparedness and mitigation into our disaster response and relief efforts to make sure that as we work with those individuals and families ravaged by disasters, we encourage them to rebuild their homes safer and stronger.
	www.redcross.org /services/disaster/0,1082,0_2_,00.html (1074 words)

	Radon Home Measurement and Mitigation
		This means that these mitigators not only have gone through training but also agree to follow the EPA standards for radon mitigation.
		This is the best way to ensure that the mitigation system not only works immediately after implementation, but also for a long time after the project is done.
		Because of the knowledge of alternative systems by the NEHA certified mitigator it also ensures that he or she can help you find the most economic solution while staying within all EPA standards and guidelines.
	www.radon-mitigation.org (1819 words)

	Volcanic Ash -- Effects on Transportation and Mitigation Strategies
		Cleanup operations will be most efficient when a disposal site for the ash is identified before ash begins to fall (see considerations for identifying an ash dump site) and residents, businesses, and utilities coordinate their activities.
		Mitigation strategies for reducing the effects of volcanic ash to transportation systems are described for each category shown above.
		Labadie, J.R., 1994, Mitigation of volcanic ash effects on aircraft operating and support systems, in Casadevall, T.J., ed., 1994, Volcanic ash and aviation safety: proceedings of the first international symposium on volcanic ash and aviation safety: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2047, p.
	volcanoes.usgs.gov /ash/trans (5782 words)

	mitigate
		Hazard Tree Management Program - A Hurricane Mitigation Strategy for Alachua County The overall objective of this project is to design model mitigation techniques to be incorporated into comprehensive landscape management programs that will reduce the destructive impacts hurricanes shall have on public and private property.
		Networks For Disaster Mitigation - Considers the communication and information infrastructures used in contemporary societies to mitigate damaging effects of natural and socio-technological hazards in the five stages associated with response to disasters.
		These cities and towns have viewed the disaster as an opportunity to modernize, improve, and redesign their communities in ways that are truly "stronger and better than ever," as President Clinton stated.
	bcem.co.bay.fl.us /mitigate.htm (1004 words)

	Mitigation
		One of the most effective means of protection is to take steps to make your home and your household safe from the potential effects of disaster like floods, tornadoes, hurricanes and earthquakes.
		Ideally, mitigation measures are implemented before disaster strikes since they can help protect your household as well as your property.
		The appropriate flood mitigation measure will depend upon the degree of flood risk to which your home is subject.
	www.moncooem.org /mitigation.htm (699 words)

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