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Study Questions - Mitochondria   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) Site-directed mutation of the gene for a plant nuclear-encoded mitochondrial matrix protein such that the cationic amino acids in the signal sequence are changed to neutral amino acids prevents import into mitochondria and often redirects the protein to chloroplasts. Distinguish between mitochondrial matrix enzymes and lysosomal enzymes in terms of their sites of synthesis and the mechanism(s) by which they reach mitochondria and lysosomes, respectively. Indicate the folding state of proteins during targeting of nuclear-encoded proteins into (a) the chloroplast stroma, (b) the mitochondrial inner membrane, (c) the nucleus, and (d) the peroxisome matrix. www.umsl.edu /~starling/cell/study-qs/Exam-2/target.htm   (522 words)

Mitochondrion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This nonchromosomal DNA encodes a small number of mitochondrial peptides (13 in humans) that are integrated into the inner mitochondrial membrane, along with proteins encoded by genes that reside in the host cell's nucleus. Studies of mitochondrial DNA, which is often circular and employs a variant genetic code, show their ancestor, the so-called proto-mitochondrion, was a member of the Proteobacteria. Mitochondrial ribosomes are the 70S (bacterial) type, in contrast to the 80S ribosomes found elsewhere in the cell. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mitochondria   (1955 words)

BioMed Central | Full text | Loss of NAD(H) from swollen yeast mitochondria It is possible that mitochondrial phospholipid hydrolysis from the large yeast mitochondrial phospholipase A activity [32] and long incubation time previously employed led to a loss of inner membrane integrity and nucleotide efflux. Mitochondrial swelling is known to occur during switches from nonfermentable to fermentable carbon sources as well as prior to yeast cell death. Respiration was monitored with a Clark oxygen electrode (Yellow Springs) suspending the mitochondria at a concentration of 1 mg/ml at 25°C. The mitochondrial membrane potential was monitored by absorbance of the dye safranine O as described in [35]. www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2091/7/3   (5181 words)

Matrix (biology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In biology, matrix (plural: matrices) is the material between animal or plant cells, the material (or tissue) in which more specialized structures are embedded, and a specific part of the mitochondrion that is the site of oxidation of organic molecules. The internal structure of connective tissues is an extracellular matrix. For instance, a Petri dish of agar may be the matrix for culturing a sample swabbed from a patient's throat. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mitochondrial_matrix   (500 words)

Yeast Contain a Non-proteinaceous Pool of Copper in the Mitochondrial Matrix -- Cobine et al. 279 (14): 14447 -- ... matrix protein Sod2 was retained with the mitoplasts. Analyses of Mitochondrial Copper—The avid uptake of copper The identity of the matrix copper ligand is unknown. www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/14/14447   (5693 words)

Spatial and temporal dynamics of budding yeast mitochondria lacking the division component Fis1p -- Jakobs et al. 116 ... The number of matrix separations and fusions was counted at three 15 minute time frames, namely before recognizable simplification (period 1), after final separation of mother and daughter mitochondrial compartments (period 3) and in between (period 2). constriction of the mitochondrial matrix – or fission cerevisiae matrix constriction is a prerequisite for tubule jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/10/2005   (5052 words)

Timing and structural consideration for the processing of mitochondrial matrix space proteins by the mitochondrial ... Paces, V., Rosenberg, L.E., Fenton, W.A., and Kalousek, F. The beta subunit of the mitochondrial processing peptidase from rat liver: Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA and comparison with a proposed family of metallopeptidases. Waltner, M. and Weiner, H. Conversion of a nonprocessed mitochondrial precursor protein into one that is processed by the mitochondrial processing peptidase. Wang, Y. and Weiner, H. The presequence of rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase requires the presence of an alpha-helix at its N-terminal region which is stabilized by the helix at its C termini. www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/11/5/1026   (6147 words)

Loss of the mitochondrial Hsp70 functions causes aggregation of mitochondria in yeast cells -- Kawai et al. 114 (19): ... Is the aberrant mitochondrial morphology observed in the ssc1-2 Mitochondrial morphology in the temperature-sensitive tim23 mutant or in the [rho that mitochondrial aggregation in the mutants of the mtHsp70 jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/114/19/3565   (5667 words)

N-terminal Tail Export from the Mitochondrial Matrix. ADHERENCE TO THE PROKARYOTIC "POSITIVE-INSIDE" RULE OF MEMBRANE ... Export of N-terminal tails of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins from the mitochondrial matrix is a membrane potential-dependent Proteins may be targeted to the mitochondrial inner membrane by one of a number of distinct sorting pathways. in the matrix, whereas the bulk of the protein was accessible www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/28/19617   (3828 words)

Leishmania tarentolae contains distinct cytosolic and mitochondrial glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase activities -- Nabholz ... RNA editing, and the lack of mitochondrial tRNA genes (8, 9). anticodon, (iii) the mitochondrial acceptor stem and the anticodon, is mediated by the mitochondrial precursor of lysyl-tRNA synthetase. www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/15/7903   (3843 words)

Pam17 Is Required for Architecture and Translocation Activity of the Mitochondrial Protein Import Motor -- van der Laan ... The J domain-related cochaperone Tim16 is a constituent of the mitochondrial TIM23 preprotein translocase. Mitochondrial protein import: biochemical and genetic evidence for interaction of matrix hsp70 and the inner membrane protein MIM44. The requirement of matrix ATP for the import of precursor proteins into the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space. mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/25/17/7449   (4815 words)

An alternative function for human uncoupling protein 3: protection of mitochondria against accumulation of ... However, the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable for nonesterified fatty acids and part of the cytoplasmic FA therefore will be able to cross this membrane. The inner mitochondrial membrane is not permeable for FA, but FA are able to incorporate into the membrane lipid bilayer and flip-flop to the matrix side of the membrane. To prevent the deleterious effects of FA anion accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix, UCP3 is involved in the outward translocation of these FA anions. www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/15/13/2497   (4576 words)

Regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition by matrix Ca2+ and voltage during anoxia/reoxygenation -- Korge ... Regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition by matrix Ca2+ and voltage during anoxia/reoxygenation -- Korge et al. Mitochondrial membrane potential in single living adult rat cardiac myocytes exposed to anoxia or metabolic inhibition. Mitochondrial calcium transporting pathways during hypoxia and reoxygenation in single rat cardiomyocytes. ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/3/C517   (5197 words)

Oxidative Capacity, Lipotoxicity, and Mitochondrial Damage in Type 2 Diabetes -- Schrauwen and Hesselink 53 (6): 1412 ... The mitochondrial matrix is also the site where substrate oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation takes place and ROS are formed. UCP3 exports the fatty acid anions and/or peroxides to prevent damage to the mitochondrial matrix and lowers the proton gradient, thereby reducing ROS formation. Goglia F, Skulachev VP: A function for novel uncoupling proteins: antioxidant defense of mitochondrial matrix by translocating fatty acid peroxides from the inner to the outer membrane leaflet. diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/6/1412   (5047 words)

A function for novel uncoupling proteins: antioxidant defense of mitochondrial matrix by translocating fatty acid ... A function for novel uncoupling proteins: antioxidant defense of mitochondrial matrix by translocating fatty acid peroxides from the inner to the outer membrane leaflet -- GOGLIA and SKULACHEV 17 (12): 1585 -- The FASEB Journal A function for novel uncoupling proteins: antioxidant defense of mitochondrial matrix by translocating fatty acid peroxides from the inner to the outer membrane leaflet matrix by translocating fatty acid peroxides from the inner www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/abstract/17/12/1585   (655 words)

Rapid Diffusion of Green Fluorescent Protein in the Mitochondrial Matrix -- Partikian et al. 140 (4): 821 -- The ... Rapid Diffusion of Green Fluorescent Protein in the Mitochondrial Matrix -- Partikian et al. Rapid Diffusion of Green Fluorescent Protein in the Mitochondrial Matrix We propose that the clustering of matrix enzymes www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/140/4/821   (1185 words)

Crystal structure of human p32, a doughnut-shaped acidic mitochondrial matrix protein -- Jiang et al. 96 (7): 3572 -- ... Crystal structure of human p32, a doughnut-shaped acidic mitochondrial matrix protein -- Jiang et al. p32 has been shown to be important for the maintenance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (16). mitochondrial membrane in the presence of divalent metal ions, www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/7/3572   (4362 words)

Mitochondrial Disorders Levels of mitochondrial DNA can be regulated by one of these proteins, mitochondrial transcription factor (mtTFA) Mitochondrial motility: Optic neuropathy (OPA1); CMT 2A (MFN2; Kinesin); SPG 10 Mitochondrial disorders due to mutations in non-mitochondrial proteins www.neuro.wustl.edu /neuromuscular/mitosyn.html   (3203 words)

Calcium, ATP, and ROS: a mitochondrial love-hate triangle -- Brookes et al. 287 (4): C817 -- AJP - Cell Physiology The respiratory chain is shown with (left to right) complexes I, III, IV, and V. The outer mitochondrial membrane and complex II are omitted for clarity. matrix (37, 106) likely prevent this from occurring in the organelle. Mitochondrially targeted compounds: 1, 3-hydroxy-4-pentenoic acid; 2, 3-oxo-4-hydroxypentenoic acid; 3, 5-(glutathion-S-yl)-3-oxo-4-pentenoic acid; 4, 4-iodobutyltriphenylphosphonium; 5, sulfide analog of 4; 6, 2-[2-(triphenylphosphonio)ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol (Mito Vit E); 7, 10-(6'-ubiquinolyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium (Mitoquinol); 8, triphenylphosphonium cation conjugate of Salen-Mn(III) complex of o-vanillin (EUK-134); 9, triphenylphosphonium cation conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxide (Tempol-TPP); 10, 4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-vinyl]-methylpyridinium (F16). ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/287/4/C817   (6224 words)

Mitochondrial pathways Protein flux back into mitochondrial matrix through Complex V is coupled to ATP synthesis Most mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are associated with mutations in mitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial ribosomal (mitoribosome) proteins: All encoded by nuclear genes www.neuro.wustl.edu /neuromuscular/pathol/diagrams/mito.htm   (451 words)

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