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Mitral regurgitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The mitral valve is composed of the valve leaflets, the mitral valve annulus (which forms a ring around the valve leaflets), the papillary muscles (which tether the valve leaflets to the left ventricle, preventing them from prolapsing into the left atrium), and the chordae tendineae (which connect the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles). Ischemic heart disease causes mitral regurgitation by the combination of ischemic dysfunction of the papillary muscles, and the dilatation of the left ventricle that is present in ischemic heart disease, with the subsequent displacement of the papillary muscles and the dilatation of the mitral valve annulus. Secondary mitral regurgitation is due to the dilatation of the left ventricle, causing stretching of the mitral valve annulus and displacement of the papillary muscles. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mitral_regurgitation   (1858 words)

Mitral valve prolapse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a heart valve condition marked by the displacement of an abnormally thickened mitral valve leaflet into the left atrium during systole. The mitral valve, so named because of its resemblance to a bishop's miter, is the heart valve that prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium. For many years, mitral valve prolapse was a poorly understood anomaly associated with a wide variety of both related and seemingly unrelated signs and symptoms, including late systolic murmurs, inexplicable panic attacks, and polythelia (extra nipples). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mitral_valve_prolapse   (1320 words)

eMedicine - Mitral Valve Insufficiency : Article by Jason T Su, DO Dilation of mitral valve annulus and LV cavity (congestive cardiomyopathies, aneurysmal dilation of the LV) Anderson RH, Wilcox BR: The anatomy of the mitral valve. Carpentier A: Congenital malformations of the mitral valve. www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1464.htm   (5695 words)

Mitral Valve Repair   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) The anatomy and mobility of the leaflets, the size of the annulus, that size and direction of regurgitant jets are characteristic for certain valvular pathologies and aid in the planning of the operation. With rheumatic valvular disease, mitral stenosis is caused by restricted leaflet mobility. The allograft anterior mitral valve leaflet is detached from the aortic root. www.ctsnet.org /sections/clinicalresources/adultcardiac/riley.html   (2667 words)

Cardiac Case Report 5 Calcification of the mitral annulus is a degenerative process associated with aging. Mitral annulus calcification starts as a focal process, affecting the posterior portion of the annular ring and then extends laterally and anteriorly. Calcification of the mitral annulus and its complications. www.med.nyu.edu /mri/cardiac/case05.html   (371 words)

AATS: 2005 Postgraduate Course Abstract: Patho-Anatomy and Physiology of Mitral Valve Disease It was also thought that the annulus was in a single plane until Salgo and associates (6) showed that the annulus resembles a saddle and that this hyperbolic paraboloid shape reduces significantly its mechanical stress. In a simultaneous sonometric study of the mitral and aortic orifices we found that the intertrigonal distance that was considered to remain constant during the cardiac cycle, did in fact change in parallel to the changes in the aortic valve orifice (7). At present the mitral valve is understood to be formed by six distinct leaflets with one anterior, two commissural and three posterior scallops. www.aats.org /annualmeeting/Abstracts/2005PG/PG05_7.html   (1511 words)

Cardiac valve calcification: characteristics of patients with calcification of the mitral annulus or aortic valve -- ... Cardiac valve calcification: characteristics of patients with calcification of the mitral annulus or aortic valve -- Boon et al. Cardiac valve calcification: characteristics of patients with calcification of the mitral annulus or aortic valve of mitral annulus and aortic valve calcification with cardiac heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/78/5/472   (2731 words)

mitral valve annulus (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) The mitral valve annulus is part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart. It forms the attachment of the mitral valve leaflets by fusion with their intermediate layer, the lamina fibrosa. The structure of the annulus contributes to the dynamics of mitral valve opening. www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-2147090373.htm   (228 words)

Association Between Mitral Annulus Calcification and Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease -- Adler et al. 29 (9): 1833 -- ... Spontaneous calcific emboli from calcific mitral annulus fibrosus. Bacterial endocarditis on calcification of the mitral annulus fibrosus. Mitral annulus calcification and cerebral or retinal ischemia. stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/9/1833   (3089 words)

Echocardiography Quantitation of mitral valve tenting in ischemic mitral regurgitation by transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. The mitral valve area was assessed by planimetry pre- and post-PTMV; the mitral valve volume was assessed and attention was paid to the amount of fusion of the commissures. In patients with mitral valve insufficiency, 3D echocardiography was shown to be accurate in the quantification of the dynamic mechanism of mitral regurgitation and in the assessment of mitral commissures in patients with mitral stenosis. www2.umdnj.edu /~shindler/mitral3d.html   (3113 words)

Mitral valve opening in the ovine heart -- Karlsson et al. 274 (2): 552 -- AJP - Heart and Circulatory Physiology to the valve annulus and leaflets (19, 22, 27-30) and contrast The movements of the annulus of the mitral valve. Three-dimensional echocardiographic reconstruction of the mitral valve, with implications for the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/2/H552   (7124 words)

THE NEW PATHWAY OF MITRAL ANNULUS DILATION IN DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHIES: ANATOMIC STUDY - Abstract 096 The "in vivo" echocardiogram was obtained to asses and quantify mitral regurgitation. The presence of significant mitral regurgitation is related to a greater increase of the mitral ring, especially where the length between the fibrous trigones is greater. In conclusion  the anterior portion of the mitral annulus is involved in annular dilation in dilated cardiomyopathies. www.ctsnet.org /doc/5283   (257 words)

Coordinate-Free Analysis of Mitral Valve Dynamics in Normal and Ischemic Hearts -- Dagum et al. 102 (Supplement 3): 62 ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) and its adjacent annulus (RFT, PCOM, and posterior annulus) the APT and its adjacent annulus (LFT, ACOM, and posterior annulus) Distortions of the mitral valve in acute ischemic mitral regurgitation. circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/102/suppl_3/III-62   (4314 words)

Mitral Annulus Calcification and Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease • Response -- Boon et al. 30 (3): 693 -- Stroke Mitral Annulus Calcification and Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease • Response -- Boon et al. Boon A, Lodder J, Cheriex E, Kessels F. Mitral annulus calcification is not an independent risk factor for stroke: a cohort study of 657 patients. Boon A, Cheriex E, Lodder J, Kessels F. Cardiac valve calcification: characteristics of patients with calcification of the mitral annulus or aortic valve. stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/3/693   (798 words)

NEJM -- The association of floppy mitral valve with disjunction of the mitral annulus fibrosus The association of floppy mitral valve with disjunction of the mitral annulus fibrosus Twenty-five (3 percent) of the hearts had a morphologically typical floppy mitral valve; in 23 of them (92 percent), the mitral annulus fibrosus showed disjunction--i.e., a separation between the atrial wall-mitral valve junction and the left ventricular attachment. We suggest that floppy mitral valve develops from hypermobility of the valve apparatus, and that it is usually secondary to disjunction of the mitral annulus fibrosus, an anatomic variation in the morphology of the annulus. content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/314/9/535   (307 words)

Mitral annulus motion as a predictor of left ventricular function in patients with AMI and wall motion abnormalities: 2 ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Mitral annulus motion as a predictor of left ventricular function in patients with AMI and wall motion abnormalities: 2 D - Echocardiography versus ventriculography The aim of this study is to asses the value of mitral annular systolic descent and velocity as a predictor global left ventricular function in patients with AMI and wall motion abnormalities. It can be concluded that both mitral annulus descent and descent velocity although equally specific, MAD velocity was more sensitive for better sorting of patients with AMI and wall motion abnormalities into those with normal ejection fraction and those with decreased ejection fraction. www.egyptheart.org /EHJ1/EHJ1/ehj5004p069.html   (4190 words)

Quadrangular resection for repair of posterior leaflet prolapse -- Perier 2005 (1129): 893 -- Multimedia Manual of ... The posterior leaflet is detached from the annulus The posterior leaflet is detached from the annulus of a distance which is approximately twice as much as the width of the resected area. The posterior leaflet remnants are reattached to the annulus mmcts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/2005/1129/mmcts.2004.000893   (1692 words)

The coronary sinus conduit function: Anatomical study (relationship to adjacent structures) -- El-Maasarany et al. 7 ... inferior to the mitral valve annulus and the nearest endothelial V, ventricular myocardium; A, atrial myocardium; MVL, mural leaflet of the mitral valve. The left atrium was opened and the longitudinal sections were made in six different regions along the free circumference of the mitral valve annulus to demonstrate the distance between the mitral valve annulus and the coronary sinus. europace.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/7/5/475   (3157 words)

Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus -- Alkadhi et al. 129 (6): 1438 -- The Journal of Thoracic and ... Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus -- Alkadhi et al. Mitral annular calcification is a degenerative abnormality of Pomerance A. Pathological and clinical study of calcification of the mitral valve ring. jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/129/6/1438   (811 words)

The RRI Heart Valve Lab - Mitral Valve Repair Once the mitral valve is exposed the surgeon evaluates its condition to determine how to progress with the repair. Typically, diseased mitral valves that are candidates for a repair procedure contain an excessive amount of tissue in the leaflets. If the valve has become too large, a portion of the annulus is removed and the remaining portions sewn back together (image at left - see sutures at bottom of annulus). heartlab.robarts.ca /Mitral.repair.html   (738 words)

Medium-term Follow-up Study of the Flexibility of the Mitral Annulus Following Annuloplasty with the Duran Flexible Ring   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) The mitral annulus was reconstructed eight times around a single axis of rotation during the cardiac cycle using methods described by Ormiston, et al and Levine, et al. The area, circumferential length and shape of the mitral annulus could then be analyzed at various times. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the mitral annulus clearly showed it retained its non-planar shape and that the shape changed significantly during the cardiac cycle. www.shvd.org /file/6447.htm   (269 words)

Echocardiography The systolic excursion of the mitral annulus can be displayed as a loop of serial echocardiographic frames. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the clinical utility of mitral annulus velocity in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. Mitral inflow Doppler with corresponding mitral annulus tissue Doppler below, in the following four diastolic left ventricular filling conditions: normal, abnormal relaxation, pseudonormal and restrictive. www2.umdnj.edu /~shindler/annulus.html   (417 words)

Anterior Mitral Leaflet Mobility Is Limited by the Basal Stay Chords -- Goetz et al. 107 (23): 2969 -- Circulation The mitral annulus plane was defined as the plane Transposition of an anterior mitral leaflet basal chord to the of the anterior mitral leaflet is not homogeneous. circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/107/23/2969   (3044 words)

Prediction of Successful Cardioversion and Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm in Patients With Lone Atrial Fibrillation -- ... AF the presence or absence of an abnormal mitral annulus motion Mitral annulus motion in a healthy individual (top, a), in a patient who remained in SR throughout the 1-year follow-up period (middle, b), and in a patient with an abnormal mitral annulus motion (note the early systolic notch) in whom AF recurred throughout the same observation period (bottom, c). to the descending motion of the annulus structure. www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/127/2/488   (3332 words)

Aorto-mitral annular dynamics -- Timek et al. 76 (6): 1944 -- The Annals of Thoracic Surgery on the left ventricle, 10 on the mitral annulus, and 3 on the as was mitral annular area and aortic annular area. aortic annulus markers, the saddle horn, and the centroid of ats.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/76/6/1944   (432 words)

Increased distance between mitral valve coaptation point and mitral annular plane: significance and correlations in ... Increased distance between mitral valve coaptation point and mitral annular plane: significance and correlations in patients with heart failure -- Karagiannis et al. Prevalence and mechanisms of mitral regurgitation in the absence of intrinsic abnormalities of the mitral leaflets. Mechanism of ischemic mitral regurgitation with segmental left ventricular dysfunction: three-dimensional echocardiographic studies in models of acute and chronic progressive regurgitation. heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/10/1174   (2776 words)

Mitral Valve Prolapse Symptoms - Medical Symptoms Pages This weakens the leaflets and adjacent tissue, resulting in increased leaflet area and elongation of the chordae tendineae. Symptoms of mitral valve prolapse may include the experience of heart palpitations, atrial fibrillation, or syncope, though the prevalence of these symptoms does not differ significantly from the general population. This weblog is licensed under a Creative Commons License. www.symptoms101.com /med/archives/2005/05/mitral_valve_pr.php   (807 words)

Adenosine provokes diastolic dysfunction in microvascular angina -- Vinereanu et al. 78 (915): 40 -- Postgraduate ... and because subendocardial fibres are attached to the mitral Figure 1 Examples of tissue Doppler traces of the lateral mitral annulus, at baseline (left) and peak dose of adenosine (right). Assessment of mitral annulus velocity by Doppler tissue imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. pmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/78/915/40   (1597 words)

Can the amplitude of mitral annulus motion be used in the assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients ... Can the amplitude of mitral annulus motion be used in the assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients with left ventricular wall thickness in the upper limit of normal to mild hypertrophy? Mitral annulus motion (MAM) obtained by echocardiography can be used in the assessment of left ventricular systolic function (LVSF). However, it has been shown that the amplitude of MAM is decreased in patients with left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) greater than 14 mm. www.pulsus.com /ecc/08_01/emil_ed.htm   (251 words)

Double-crowned valved stents for off-pump mitral valve replacement -- Ma et al. 28 (2): 194 -- European Journal of ... The custom-made delivery introducer loaded with the valved stent was pushed along the guide wire, until the middle of the valved stent reached the mitral annulus previously marked with metallic clips. mitral valve towards the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Mitral valve replacement with the pulmonary autograft: the Ross II procedure. ejcts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/2/194   (3178 words)

Caseous calcification and liquefaction of the mitral annulus: a diagnostic confounder. ♥ Caseous calcification and liquefaction of the mitral annulus: a diagnostic confounder. Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus is a rare form of periannular calcification that has a distinct appearance. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman in whom a suspicious spheric mass like calcification was detected with multislice computed tomography which was performed for coronary artery calcium scoring. www.heartzine.com /pmdisplay.php?pmid=16267622   (173 words)

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