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Topic: Mitral regurgitation

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mitral valve

Mitral valve prolapse

Mitral regurgitation

mitral cells

Mitral stenosis

Mitral valve replacement

mitral regurtitation

mitral annulus

Mitral valve prolapse, familial, X linked

Congenital mitral stenosis

Mitral atresia

Congenital mitral malformation

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	Mitral regurgitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The mitral valve is composed of the valve leaflets, the mitral valve annulus (which forms a ring around the valve leaflets), the papillary muscles (which tether the valve leaflets to the left ventricle, preventing them from prolapsing into the left atrium), and the chordae tendineae (which connect the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles).
		Ischemic heart disease causes mitral regurgitation by the combination of ischemic dysfunction of the papillary muscles, and the dilatation of the left ventricle that is present in ischemic heart disease, with the subsequent displacement of the papillary muscles and the dilatation of the mitral valve annulus.
		Secondary mitral regurgitation is due to the dilatation of the left ventricle, causing stretching of the mitral valve annulus and displacement of the papillary muscles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mitral_regurgitation (1862 words)

	eMedicine - Mitral Regurgitation : Article by Daniel DiSandro, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In acute mitral regurgitation from sudden disruption of the mitral valve, the symptoms are due to acute pulmonary edema.
		Mitral regurgitation will present with acute pulmonary edema and a normal cardiac silhouette with acute mitral regurgitation that is secondary to a rupture of a valve apparatus.
		Mitral regurgitation is graded on a scale from 0 (none); 1 (mild); 2 (moderate); 3 (moderately severe); to 4 (severe).
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic314.htm (2984 words)

	Dr. Koop - Mitral regurgitation - acute
		Acute mitral regurgitation is a disorder in which the heart's mitral valve suddenly does not close properly, causing blood to leak (back-flow) into the left atrium (upper heart chamber) when the left ventricle (lower heart chamber) contracts.
		Regurgitation (leaking from insufficient valve closure) is caused by diseases that weaken or damage the valve or its supporting structures.
		Acute mitral regurgitation may be the result of dysfunction or injury to the valve following a heart attack or infective endocarditis (infection of the heart valve).
	www.drkoop.com /ency/93/000177.html (343 words)

	Mitral regurgitation - chronic
		Chronic mitral regurgitation is a progressive, long-term disorder in which the mitral valve, which separates the left upper chamber of the heart (atrium) from the left lower chamber (ventricle), does not close properly.
		Chronic mitral regurgitation affects approximately 6% of women and 3% of men, but after 55 years of age, some degree of mitral regurgitation is found in almost 20% of men and women who undergo echocardiograms.
		Mitral valve prolapse, which involves weakening and ballooning out of the valve and affects about 5% of the population, is a relatively common cause of chronic mitral regurgitation.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/000176.htm (495 words)

	GASNet Anesthesiology: Mitral Regurgitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Regurgitation severity is determined by expressing the area of the jet in relationship to atrial dimensions.
		The severity of regurgitation is assessed by measuring the length of the jet.
		Regurgitation severity is determined by the jet longitudinal length from the plane of the valve (arrow) in relationship to atrial dimensions.
	gasnet.med.yale.edu /echomanual/html/mitral_reg.html (188 words)

	Timing of surgery in mitral regurgitation -- Otto 89 (1): 100 -- Heart
		of mitral regurgitation and the likelihood of surgical valve
		myxomatous mitral valve disease; the leaflet abnormalities in
		mitral regurgitation is caused by an anatomic abnormality of
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/1/100 (3255 words)

	Mitral Regurgitation: Heart Valve Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Mitral regurgitation (mitral valve regurgitation, mitral incompetence, mitral insufficiency) is leakage of blood backward through the mitral valve each time the left ventricle contracts.
		If regurgitation is severe, the forward flow of blood is reduced enough to cause heart failure, which may produce coughing, shortness of breath during exertion, and swelling in the legs.
		Mitral regurgitation is usually diagnosed based on the characteristic heart murmur heard through a stethoscope.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec03/ch028/ch028b.jsp (1162 words)

	Mitral Regurgitation - Patient UK
		Mitral regurgitation is where blood leaks back through the mitral valve as the valve does not close properly.
		Mitral regurgitation is sometimes called mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence.
		Mitral regurgitation can occur if the valve is weakened or damaged.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/27000348 (1436 words)

	Mitral valve regurgitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mitral valve regurgitation is also known as mitral insufficiency.
		Mitral valve regurgitation can be an acute (sudden and generally more severe) problem or a chronic (long-term) problem.
		Mitral regurgitation (both acute and chronic mitral regurgitation) affects approximately 5 out of 10,000 people.
	www.ccmgonline.com /Education/Mitral_valve_regurgitation.htm (560 words)

	Mitral Regurgitation
		Compare the differences in the circumference of the mitral valve and the size of the opening ("orifice") of the valve in mitral regurgitation with those in the normal heart.
		In mitral regurgitation, the structures that hold the mitral valve leaflets in place commonly are stretched, preventing the valve from closing properly.
		Despite the overfilling of the left ventricle, the ease of ejection of blood by the left ventricle into the left atrium through the leaking valve minimizes the resulting stresses on the left ventricular free wall and inter-ventricular septum, which remain normal in thickness.
	www.gilmanheartvalve.org /MitralRegurgitation.htm (311 words)

	AllRefer Health - Chronic Mitral Regurgitation (Chronic Mitral Valve Regurgitation, Mitral Valve Insufficiency)
		Mitral regurgitation becomes chronic when the condition persists rather than occurring for only a short time period.
		About one-third of all cases of chronic mitral regurgitation are caused by rheumatic heart disease, a complication of untreated strep throat that is becoming less common.
		Chronic mitral regurgitation can also be caused by disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension (high blood pressure), left ventricular enlargement, connective tissue disorders such as Marfan's syndrome, other congenital defects, endocarditis (infection of the heart valve), cardiac tumors, or untreated syphilis (rare).
	health.allrefer.com /health/mitral-regurgitation-chronic-info.html (590 words)

	Mitral Valve Regurgitation
		The most common cause of chronic mitral valve regurgitation is mitral valve prolapse, in which the flaps of the mitral valve bulge the wrong way against the flow of blood, don't seal properly, and allow blood to leak backward (regurgitate).
		Acute mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the mitral valve or one of its supporting structures ruptures suddenly, creating an immediate overload of blood volume and pressure in the left side of the heart.
		Perforation of the mitral valve flap (leaflet), caused by endocarditis.
	www.bchealthguide.org /kbase/topic/special/aa143442/sec3.htm (361 words)

	Mitral valve regurgitation
		Mitral valve prolapse is a condition in which the leaflets and supporting cords of the mitral valve weaken.
		Mitral valve regurgitation may result from damage to the cords that anchor the flaps of the mitral valve to the heart wall.
		However, mitral valve regurgitation is commonly discovered earlier, during a routine examination when your doctor listens to the sounds of your heart with a stethoscope.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00421.html (3408 words)

	Mitral valve regurgitation
		It is a disorder in which the mitral heart valve does not close properly, causing blood to leak (regurgitate) into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts.
		Chronic mitral regurgitation may be inherited or caused by disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension (high blood pressure), left ventricle enlargement, connective tissue disorders such as Marfan's syndrome, other congenital defects, endocarditis, cardiac tumors, untreated syphilis, and others.
		If acute mitral valve regurgitation is the result of recent endocarditis, heart attack or ruptured cordae, emergency surgery might be required.
	www.siheartdocs.com /mitral_valve_regurgitation.htm (646 words)

	Mitral Valve Regurgitation - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The mitral valve is similar to a one-way gate in the left side of your heart.
		The most common cause is mitral valve prolapse, in which the mitral valve flaps bulge the wrong way against the flow of blood, don't seal properly, and allow blood to leak backward.
		Tests for acute mitral valve regurgitation may include one or more of those used for chronic MR as well as a transesophageal echocardiogram, in which a device that sends sound waves is passed down the esophagus to take clearer images of the heart.
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/topic/special/aa143442/sec1.htm (733 words)

	Mitral Regurgitation: Illustration
		In mitral regurgitation, the mitral valve does not close properly, and, therefore, leaks.
		Compare the differences in the circumference of the mitral valve and the size of its opening in mitral regurgitation with that in a normal heart.
		The left ventricle also is enlarged (it receives the leaked volume as well as the normal forward flow), but the left ventricular free wall and inter-ventricular septum remain normal in thickness.
	www.gilmanheartvalve.org /MitralRegurgitationcaption.htm (90 words)

	EVEREST, MR - Mitral Regurgitation, MV -Mitral Valve, Blood Flow, MitraClip and Heart Failure -- Evalve, Inc.
		The Evalve percutaneous mitral valve repair system is used by interventional cardiologists and is intended to reduce mitral regurgitation (MR), adapting the open surgical Edge-to-Edge (E2E) technique in a less invasive catheter-based procedure.
		The MitraClip is used to grasp and coapt the leaflets of the mitral valve.
		Since access to the mitral valve occurs through a patient’s vein (in the groin), there is no need for the patient to receive a thoracotomy or sternotomy (surgical incision into the chest), as is required for open heart surgery.
	www.mitralregurgitation.org /Pages/EVEREST.html (1739 words)

	Mitral Valve Regurgitation -- Cardiology Advisor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The mitral valve lies on the left side of the heart between the left upper chamber (atrium) and lower chamber (ventricle).
		When the mitral valve doesn't close properly, some of the blood from the ventricle is forced back up (regurgitated) into the left atrium instead of flowing out to the rest of the body.
		In mitral valve prolapse one or both of the leaflets bulge (prolapse) into the upper left chamber (atrium) of the heart.
	www.medformation.com /ac/crsca.nsf/ca/ca_mvregurg_car.htm (982 words)

	eMedicine - Mitral Regurgitation : Article by Shivkumar Jha, MD
		The mitral valve is composed of the mitral annulus, the leaflets (a large anterior [aortic] leaflet and a small posterior [mural] leaflet), the chordae tendineae, and the papillary muscles.
		With acute mitral valve regurgitation, a harsh murmur, usually grade III or IV/VI, is heard and is accompanied by a palpable thrill at the apex of the heart.
		Mitral valve reconstruction with mitral annuloplasty, quadratic segmental resection, shortening of the elongated chordae, or posterior leaflet resection
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1485.htm (4597 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Native mitral valve regurgitation
		Competence of the mitral valve is dependent upon the structural and functional integrity of its constituent components, which include the anterior and posterior leaflets, annulus, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and wall of the left ventricle.
		The regurgitant fraction or regurgitant stroke volume across the mitral valve is another useful measure for assessing the severity of disease.
		Echocardiography is an invaluable tool in determining the severity of regurgitation, the integrity of the mitral valve apparatus, the extent of left ventricular enlargement, and the ejection fraction.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2001/08_01/scott.htm (2946 words)

	The Auscultation Assistant - Mitral Regurgitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mitral valve regurgitation is usually either a congenital condition or a consequence of rheumatic heart disease, marked left ventricular dilatation, acute infective endocarditis, or papillary muscle dysfunction secondary to acute or prior myocardial infarction.
		Because the mitral valve is unable to contain the blood within the ventricle for the entire systolic period, it is a holosystolic murmur.
		The quality of the murmur is usually described as blowing, and, as subtly demonstrated in the sample you are hearing, it is often associated with an S3 because of the left atrial volume overload.
	www.wilkes.med.ucla.edu /MRmain.htm (265 words)

	MITRAL REGURGITATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The mitral valve is made up of two leaflets that come from the front and back of the valve and meet in the middle.
		The closed mitral valve should prevent backflow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium.
		This is a jelly-like growth on the leaflets in the mitral valve.
	www.medformation.com /ac/mm_qdis.nsf/qd/nd0158g.htm (1387 words)

	Find mitral regurgitation treatment options and treatment information at Mayo Clinic
		The infection may cause the leaflets of the mitral valve to fuse together, preventing the valve from closing tightly and leading to regurgitation.
		Mitral regurgitation may result from age-related wear and tear on the valve.
		Mitral regurgitation may result from damage to the cords that anchor the flaps of the mitral valve to the heart wall.
	www.mayoclinic.org /mitral-valve-disease/mitral-regurgitation.html (729 words)

	Mitral Valve Regurgitation
		Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) can be difficult to diagnose.
		Confirm the severity of mitral valve leakage seen on an echocardiogram.
		If severe blockage is seen in the heart arteries, the blockage may be corrected during the same open-heart surgery to correct the damaged valve.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/topic/special/aa143442/sec7.htm (595 words)

	Management of ischaemic mitral regurgitation -- Iung 89 (4): 459 -- Heart
		Ischaemic mitral regurgitation is a distinctive valve disease
		in mitral regurgitation and this tends to underestimate the
		the consequence was a decrease in mitral regurgitation.
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/4/459 (3570 words)

	Heart valve repair or replacement for mitral valve regurgitation or prolapse
		Generally, surgery for mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is only done when mitral valve regurgitation is present.
		The damaged mitral valve is either repaired or removed and replaced with an artificial (prosthetic) heart valve.
		Surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve is often required in MR; it is generally done for MVP only when MR is present.
	www.webmd.com /hw/heart_disease/hw173544.asp (1260 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Mitral regurgitation - acute
		In severe acute mitral regurgitation, shortness of breath is due the backflow of blood into the lungs.
		Emergency surgery may be necessary if acute regurgitation is severe, usually resulting from endocarditis (valve infection), heart attack, or ruptured cordae (one of the supporting structures of the mitral valve).
		However, this treatment is primarily used for chronic mitral regurgitation.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000177.htm (887 words)

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