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mixos Mixotrophs are present in all of these environments, but their abundances vary tremendously over time and distance. Light-dependent phagotrophy in the freshwater mixotrophic chrysophyte Dinobryon cylindricum. Nutrient acquisition and population growth of a mixotrophic alga in axenic and bacterized cultures. astro.temple.edu /~sanders1/mixos.htm   (563 words)

Anoxic basins Mixotrophic ciliates were dominated by micro-sized forms and maximum biomasses were recorded in the water masses characterised by low nutrient concentrations but high food particle concentrations. Mixotrophic ciliates were shown to ingest preferably bacteria while mixotrophic dinoflagellates were grazing almost exclusively on nanoflagellates. Although the biomass of mixotrophic organisms were significantly lower than those of aplastidic protozoa, their feeding activity contributed to 14 and 24% of the ingestion of bacteria and nanoplankton, respectively. www.sos.bangor.ac.uk /marine/mb/O3B14/Anoxic_basins.html   (861 words)

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) The abundance and the importance of mixotrophic flagellates as bacterial grazers were investigated during June to August in 1995-1997 in the epilimnion of Lake Örträsket, northern Sweden. Mixotrophic clearance rates were similar to those of heterotrophs, but due to their high abundance, mixotrophs were more important as bacterial grazers in the lake. Mixotrophs must therefore be regarded as higly important bacterial garzers in this kind of lake, and probably uses the bacteria as an energy and nutrient source. aslo.org /meetings/albuquerque2001/352.html   (249 words)

Actinodine: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com Colored actinodines may be autotrophic or mixotrophic, feeding on small prey which are... The actinodines are a small group of protists, comprising a few genera which range from colored flagellates to colorless heliozoa, found in freshwater and marine habitats. Colored actinodines may be autotrophic or mixotrophic, feeding on small prey which are captured by the tentacles. www.encyclopedian.com /ac/Actinodine.html   (366 words)

DIALOG Dissertation Abstracts   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) As a mixotroph, at growth rates similar to or greater than autotrophic growth rates, cellular photosynthetic performance was lower than in autotrophic cells and gross C gain was dominated by phagotrophy, especially at higher feeding rates. The increased growth rate typical of mixotrophic cells was not accompanied by an increase in growth efficiency, and was a result of increased C gain largely attributable to phagocytosis. Observations of fatty acids in mixotrophic K. micrum cultures were not inconsistent with this hypothesis, although further testing is required to satisfactorily resolve the issue of obligate autotrophy in K. micrum. aslo.org /phd/dialog/200211-12.html   (395 words)

Mixotrophic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The term mixotrophic can describe organisms (usually algae or bacteria) capable of deriving metabolic energy both from photosynthesis and from external energy sources. These organisms may use light as an energy source, or may take up organic or inorganic compounds. They may take up simple compounds osmotically (by osmotrophy) or by engulfing particles (by phagocytosis or myzocytosis). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mixotrophic   (98 words)

sanders_pubs.htm Light-dependent phagotrophy in the freshwater mixotrophic chrysophyte Dinobryoncylindricum. Heterotrophic, autotrophic, and mixotrophic nanoflagellates: Seasonal abundances and bacterivory in a eutrophic lake. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus budgets for the mixotrophic phytoflagellate Poterioochromonas malhamensis (Chrysophyceae) during bacterial ingestion. astro.temple.edu /~sanders1/sanders_pubs.htm   (698 words)

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Mixotrophic nanoflagellate abundance in iron-limited high-nitrate low-chlorophyll regions may be higher than previously thought, although it is unclear how much they contribute to primary production as compared to prokaryotic algae. Some mixotrophic nanoflagellates have the advantage that they can ingest bacteria to obtain iron, thus escaping the problems of iron limitation somewhat. To compare the relative importance of mixotrophic versus autotrophic production in the equatorial Pacific, a food web model containing heterotrophic bacteria, autotrophic bacteria, mixotrophic nanoflagellates, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and a larger protozoan predator was constructed. aslo.org /albuquerque2001/337.html   (224 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) Mixotrophic algae may possess an additional mechanism for obtaining these elements by consuming prey and using the nitrogen and phosphorus obtained from the digestion of these prey as a source of these elements. We have conducted studies on mixotrophic species in the laboratory to investigate how fast these algae eat prey, and if there are specific conditions that induce or suppress feeding (for example, if you turn out the lights, do mixotrophic algae eat more bacteria or less?). We have observed large abundances of mixotrophic algae under ice-covered lakes and near the bottom of the euphotic zone (at the limit of effective light penetration) in a number of ecosystems. usc.edu /dept/LAS/biosci/DEPARTMENT/FACULTY/caron/txt/mixo_nuts.html   (602 words)

Universitätsbibliothek Kiel - Elektronische Dissertationen Mixotrophic feeding strategies are species specific and dependent on environmental factors, such as light and nutrient conditions. Mixotrophs showed varying abundances and contributions to the flagellate community, which could not be attributed to particular environmental factors in all cases. Mixotrophic feeding strategies were proposed to play a greater role in oceanic plankton and sea ice than in coastal sediments. e-diss.uni-kiel.de /diss_953   (292 words)

Testing for hydrocarbon degradation - ACI Bioremediation From a previous trial it was determined that 450 ml of the [mixotrophic mixture] added to 1,550 ml of distilled water would produce an endogenous respiration rate of approximately 20 ml of oxygen per hour. 1, which is a graph of respiration rate tests of the [mixotrophic mixture], illustrates a fairly constant rate over days one trough six, with decreased respiration days 7-9, and a sharp increase on day 10, reflecting the stimulated respiration due to addition of the synthetic sewage. The data indicate that even though the [mixotrophic mixture] and CH-118 started at the same respiration rate, the [microbial] heterotroph maintained a much higher average respiration rate then the CH-118. www.acibio.com /doc-testing-from-patent.htm   (1793 words)

Journal of General Biology The relationship between photosynthetic and heterotrophic activities of plankton mixotrophic algae is characterized by the type of metabolic strategy. The varieties of metabolic types of mixotrophic algae form a continuum with a primary photoautotrophic strategy on the one end and a primary heterotrophic strategy on the other. The natural conditions allowing mixotrophic algae to use one or other metabolic strategy are determined by the dynamic of inorganic and organic nutrients. herba.msu.ru /russian/journals/job/5-02.html   (1745 words)

sil2001 Microbial assemblages are mainly composed by bacteria and mixotrophs. This is particularly evident for mixotrophs, which are 92% of total phytoplankton as number and 72% as biovolume. The change in the activity of the mixotrophs from a prevalent bacterivory to a prevalent autotrophy is flanked by a change in the species composition of mixotroph community. www.iii.to.cnr.it /posters/sil2001   (1170 words)

Water Science & Technology 52:1-2 (2005) 337-342 - R. Sierra-Alvarez et al. - Comparison of chemo-, hetero- and ... The nitrate removal efficiency was 89, 95 and 99%, respectively, for the chemo-, hetero- and mixotrophic reactors. The mixotrophic UASB removed both sulfide and p-cresol almost completely, indicating that simultaneous removal of the inorganic and organic e-donors occurred. These results indicate that mixotrophic denitrification with phenols and sulfide is feasible in high rate UASB reactors. www.iwaponline.com /wst/05201/wst052010337.htm   (316 words)

Inter Research » MEPS » v201 » p137-146 ABSTRACT: Photosynthetic performance and cellular chlorophyll a (chl a) content were studied in the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Fragilidium subglobosum during transition from phototrophic to mixotrophic growth and back again. and, for mixotrophic growth, in the presence of Ceratium tripos or C. technique to measure photosynthesis in mixotrophically grown cells underestimated rates by 5 to 12%, probably due to fixation of CO produced from respiration of ingested carbon. www.int-res.com /abstracts/meps/v201/p137-146   (359 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) Title : Collaborative Research: Phagotrophy and Nutrient Cycling in Mixotrophic Algae Abstract : The ability of some freshwater and marine microalgae to ingest particulate food is a remarkable and ecologically significant behavior. Goals for future work are to continue to examine freshwater and marine isolates of mixotrophic algae in laboratory culture for their ability to consume particulate food. In addition, a survey of 10 lakes of varying trophic status and several environments in the North Atlantic Ocean will be conducted for the presence and abundance of mixotroph algae, and the rates of bacterial consumption by these species. www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/BIO/DEB.BIO.a8921640.txt   (134 words)

Limnology at the University of Lund.Project: Mixotrofa alger i sjöar Ingestion of bacteria could be a means to obtain a limiting nutrient, a specific growth factor or essential vitamin or a means for survival during periods of very low light intensity (e.g. The aim of this Ph D project is to investigate further the ecological significance of mixotrophic phytoplankton as grazers in freshwater systems, concentrating on abiotic (primarily concentrations of humic material and nutrients) and biotic (bacterial density) factors affecting mixotrophic feeding. The goal is also to examine the competitive relationships between mixotrophic and obligate heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. www.limnol.lu.se /limnologen/projekt_detalj.asp?id=65&typ=projekt   (236 words)

SCAR » SCAR Asturias Fellow, Elanor Bell   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) Evidence suggests that mixotrophs may play a vital role in “extreme” polar aquatic environments but because mixotrophic behaviour cannot be determined by taxonomic affinity alone, complementary grazing, growth and production studies are needed to determine the contribution of mixotrophs to the carbon flow in aquatic food webs. Once analysis is complete, the results will offer insight into the relative, seasonal contribution of mixotrophs to the structure and function of coastal polar marine and lacustrine ecosystems and add to growing evidence that mixotrophy promotes the survival of protists in polar aquatic environments. The mixotrophic phytoflagellates, Pyramimonas gelidicola and the cryptophyte, which dominate in Ace Lake and in the sea-ice at certain times of year, employ a gradient of nutritional strategies from autotrophy, through osmotrophy, to phagotrophy. www.scar.org /awards/fellowships/bell   (1389 words)

Jahrbuch-CD der MPG 2003 - Dynamics of bacteria and mixotr During the ice-free period 1999, bacterial grazing by mixotrophic flagellates (MxFl), autotrophic carbon fixation and excretion (EOC), bacterial production, and zooplankton abundance and biomass were measured weekly. The community grazing rate of mixotrophic flagellates was significantly correlated with the phytoplanktonic photosynthetic activity (P = 0.006) and with the bacterial production (P = 0.037). Although P excretion by zooplankton was not measured, it is speculated that Daphnia play an important role in the availability of this element firstly by grazing bacteria and MxFl in the water column and, after the exhaus­tion of such food, by browsing algae at the water-sediment interface www.mpg.de /forschungsergebnisse/wissVeroeffentlichungen/archivListenJahrbuch/2002/22/publZIM23.html   (283 words)

MIXOTROPHY OF BENTHIC PROTISTS: OCCURENCE AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT - NABS Communication - La Crosse, Wisconsin, 2001 The potential of mixotrophic protists in benthic environments, however, has hardly been studied at all. For example, in sediments, which were incubated in the dark, more mixotrophic flagellates occurred than in sediments subjected to a light/dark-cycle. In order to reveal the ecological impact of mixotrophic protists in a broader sense, the stability of food webs of different diversities, including and excluding mixotrophic protists, was experimentally investigated (according to the diversity stability hypothesis). www.benthos.org /database/allnabstracts.cfm/db/lacrosse2001abstracts/id/169   (206 words)

Mixotrophic info here at en.getsearchinformation.info   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) Sydney C. Mixotrophic growth conditions were established by the addition of lactate to cultures of Hydrogenomonas Journal of the Chinese Agricultural Chemical Society. Sydney C. Mixotrophic growth conditions were established by the addition of lactate to cultures of Hydrogenomonas Mixotrophic. Sydney C. Mixotrophic growth conditions were established by the addition of lactate to cultures of Hydrogenomonas Laith thanks for providing wiki's explanation of 'mixotrophic'. en.getsearchinformation.info /Mixotrophic   (545 words)

BACTERIVORY IN MIXOTROPHIC FLAGELLATES   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) It was hypothesized that the percentage of photosynthetic flagellates that consume bacteria is higher in environments with relatively low nutrient concentrations. Bacterivory by heterotrophic and mixotrophic flagellates was observed at all sites, and was highest in areas of higher nutrient concentrations (bays and harbors). Clearance rates of mixotrophic flagellates varied from 0.04 nl flag-1 h-1 in oligotrophic open ocean sites to 1.13 nl flag-1 h-1 in bays and harbors. aslo.org /santafe99/abstracts/CS60WE0915H.html   (199 words)

The Malic Enzyme Is Required for Optimal Photoautotrophic Growth of Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 under Continuous ... 10 µM DCMU (for mixotrophic growth, the DCMU was omitted). Pyruvate-dependent mixotrophic and pyruvate-dependent photoheterotrophic growth of the control strain and mutant 3WEZ. For the pyruvate-dependent mixotrophic experiment, n = 6 for both strains; for the pyruvate-dependent photoheterotrophic experiment, n = 3 for both strains. jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/23/8144   (2010 words)

Comparison of Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Biofilters for H2S Removal   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) Comparison of Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Biofilters for H S removal efficiency greater than 99.5% under the mixotrophic condition after 10-day operation. The results show that the maximum removal rate and saturation constant were 1.9 g S/d per kg bead and 69.2 ppm, respectively. www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?9801084   (197 words)

Maryland Sea Grant Research Fellows - 2003, Adolf   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) Mixotrophic nutrition is the combination of autotrophy and heterotrophy within a single organism. I examined the balance of autotrophy and heterotrophy in the mixotrophic dinoflagellate, Karlodinium micrum. Although previously established as an obligate autotroph, my research showed that growth stimulation during feeding on prey was fueled primarily by heterotrophic metabolism. www.mdsg.umd.edu /Research/fellows/2003/adolf.html   (232 words)

RedOrbit - Science - Ecological Specialization of Mixotrophic Plankton in a Mixed Water Column   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) Their research integrates three separate threads of modern ecological theory: spatial dynamics, evolutionary branching, and mixotrophy and shows that the environmental heterogeneity caused by a light-intensity gradient can induce a population of generalists (mixotrophs) to split into trophic specialists (pure autotrophs and pure heterotrophs), though this is not possible in a homogeneous environment. Previous research had shown that environmental gradients favor evolutionary branching, but the underlying reasons for branching and the resulting community structure are quite different in the present study. As such, it provides an explanation of why mixotrophs are often more dominant in nutrient-poor systems while specialist strategies are associated with nutrient-rich systems. www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=196234&source=r_science   (246 words)

Lab 1 :: Protists Euglenozoans are unicellular (usually) organisms that are autotrophic (photosynthesis), heterotrophic (absorption from environment), or mixotrophic (both). A distinguishing feature found in Euglena is that it is mixotrophic, meaning it can display autotrophy or heterotrophy depending on what the environment's current conditions are. Kinetoplastids are euglenozoans that are symbiotic, meaning they live in relation to another organism in a mutualistic relationship. www.unlv.edu /faculty/lstark/bio197lab/lab1.htm   (1345 words)

BBA - are they mixotrophic? - Aquatic Plant Central- aquascaping...a living art There was a strange opinion that originated from a russian aquarium plants book by M.B. Cirling "Aquarium and water plants" (http://www.aquaria.ru/img/bookshell/970144581.jpg) that fl brush algae are mixotrophic species and that they can benefit DOC by a mixotrophic path additionally to the photosynthetical (autothrophic) pathway. That's is probably why Cirling claims it's mixotrophic - because BBA (eventually) gain additional food and energy from dissolved organics around the algae filaments. So the whole thing about BBS being mixotrophic seems like a hoax to me. Anyway this question bothers me so I would like to hear some other opinions on the topic. www.aquaticplantcentral.com /forumapc/algae-specific-problems/13724-bba-are-they-mixotrophic.html   (1157 words)

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