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Topic: Mizrahi Hebrew languages

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hebrew language
		In Israel, it is the de facto language of the state and the people, as well as being one of the two official languages (together with Arabic), and it is spoken by a majority of the population.
		Hebrew, probably extinct since the 3rd century C.E. as a spoken language, persevered along the ages as the main language for written purposes by all Jewish communities around the world for a large range of uses (poetry, philosophy, science and medicine, commerce, daily correspondence and contracts, in addition to liturgy).
		Hebrew was preserved, however, as the language of ritual and sacred writing and through the centuries has undergone periodic literary revivals.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hebrew-language (1895 words)

	Hebrew language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Mishnaic Hebrew from the 1st to the 3rd or 4th century CE, corresponding to the Roman Period after the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem and represented by the bulk of the Mishnah and Tosefta within the Talmud and by the Dead Sea Scrolls, notably the Bar Kokhba Letters and the Copper Scroll.
		The language of the Neo-Babylonian Empire was a dialect of Aramaic.
		Hebrew functioned as the local mother tongue, Aramaic functioned as the international language with the rest of the Mideast, and eventually Greek functioned as another international language with the eastern areas of the Roman Empire.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Hebrew_language (5083 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Semitic languages
		Semitic languages were among the earliest to attain a written form, with Akkadian writing beginning in the middle of the third millennium BC.
		Hebrew, long extinct outside of Jewish liturgical purposes, was revived at the end of the 19th century by the Jewish linguist Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, owing to the ideology of Zionism, and has become the main language of Israel, while remaining the liturgical language of Jews worldwide.
		All Semitic languages exhibit a unique pattern of stems consisting of "triliteral"?title=or consonantal roots (normally consisting of three consonants), from which nouns, adjectives, and verbs are formed by inserting vowels with, potentially, prefixes, suffixes, or infixes.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Semitic_languages (2248 words)

	TINTIN LANGUAGES
		Hebrew is one of the world's oldest languages, spoken and written today in much the same way as it was more than two thousand years ago.
		The renaissance of Hebrew as a spoken language in the 19th century may be ascribed almost entirely to the efforts of one man: Eliezer ben Yehudah, who devoted his life to the revival of the language, and at the same time adapted it for modern use through the introduction of thousands of modern terms.
		Hebrew gradually came into use among the Jewish settlers in Palestine and became the official language of the State of Israel when that nation was created in 1948.
	lakrabo.tripod.com /hebrew.htm (530 words)

	Hebrew Information Center - hebrew alphabet
		Hebrew was also used as hebrew prayers a language of communication among Jews from different countries, particularly for the purpose of international trade.
		Sephardi Hebrew hebrew symbols language is the basis of Standard Hebrew and not all that different hebrew calendar from it, although traditionally hebrew lexicon it has had a greater range of phonemes.
		In Modern Hebrew, however, all six sounds are phonemic, due to mergers involving formerly distinct sounds (/v/ merging with /w/, /k/ merging with /q/, /x/ merging with /ħ/), loss of consonant gemination (which formerly distinguished the stop members of the pairs from the fricatives when intervocalic), and the introduction of syllable-initial /f/ through foreign borrowings.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_H_-_L/Hebrew.html (3773 words)

	Hebrew languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hebrew languages refer to a variety of Canaanite languages and dialects historically spoken by various peoples in the region of Canaan whom Abrahamic religion believes to have been Hebrews who emigrated from the Chaldees.
		Of the varieties of Hebrew, only one — Modern Hebrew — is used as a spoken language today, and is one of the official languages of the State of Israel.
		The language was one of the extinct Hurro-Urartian languages, a non-Semitic language family based in eastern Anatolia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hebrew_languages (549 words)

	Semitic languages information - Search.com
		Semitic languages were among the earliest to attain a written form, with Akkadian writing beginning in the middle of the third millennium BC.
		Hebrew, long extinct, was revived at the end of the 19th century by the Jewish linguist Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, owing to the ideology of Zionism, and has become the main language of Israel, while remaining the liturgical language of Jews worldwide.
		All Semitic languages exhibit a unique pattern of stems consisting of "triliteral" or consonantal roots (normally consisting of three consonants), from which nouns, adjectives, and verbs are formed by inserting vowels with, potentially, prefixes, suffixes, or infixes (consonants inserted within the original root).
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Semitic_languages (2241 words)

	Hebrew language - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia
		While the term "Hebrew" as a nationality is customarily used to refer to the ancient Israelites, the classical Hebrew language was extremely similar to the Canaanite languages spoken by their neighbors, such as Phoenician; indeed, Moabite and Hebrew are often considered to be two dialects of the same language.
		The Soviet authorities considered Hebrew a "reactionary language" since it was associated with both Judaism and Zionism, and it was officially banned by the Narkompros (Commissariat of Education) as early as 1919.
		Sephardi Hebrew language is the basis of Standard Hebrew and not all that different from it, although traditionally it has had a greater range of phonemes.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Hebrew_language (4051 words)

	Hebrew - AstroZoom
		Hebrew, long nearly extinct outside of Jewish liturgical and scholarly purposes, was revived as a literary and narrative language by the Haskalah (Enlightenment) movement of the mid-19th century.
		Archaic Biblical Hebrew from the 10th to the 6th century BCE, corresponding to the Monarchic Period until the Babylonian Exile and represented by certain texts in the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), notably the Song of Moses (Exodus 15) and the Song of Deborah (Judges 5).
		Mishnaic Hebrew from the 1st to the 3rd or 4th century CE, corresponding to the Roman Period after the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem and represented by the bulk of the Mishnah and Tosefta within the Talmud and by the Dead Sea Scrolls, notably the Bar Kokhba Letters and the Copper Scroll.
	www.astrozoom.com /wiki/index.php?title=Hebrew (5976 words)

	Mizrahi Jew (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Mizrahi Jews or Oriental Jews (מזרחי "eastern", Standard Hebrew Mizraḥi, Tiberian Hebrew Mizrāḥî; plural מזרחים "easterners", Standard Hebrew Mizraḥim, Tiberian Hebrew Mizrāḥîm) are Jews of Middle-Eastern origin; that is to say, their ancestors never left the Middle-East.
		Though there are many languages associated with Mizrahi Jews, the most prominent are the various Judæo-Arabic dialects; see also Mizrahi Hebrew language.
		Today, of the few remaining Mizrahi communities still residing in Arab countries, which total in all less than 8,000 individuals, a trickle of emigration to Israel continues and is encouraged by the Jewish state.
	www.gogoglo.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/m/mi/mizrahi_jew.html (259 words)

	BJTLaw
		Mizrahi performed research in the laboratory of Raymond L. Rodriguez, in an effort to isolate novel genes in rice responsible for seed germination.
		Mizrahi served as an intern in the Law Offices of Robert L. Shapiro while writing a thesis on the admissibility and reliability of DNA evidence in criminal cases.
		Mizrahi was a senior associate with the international law firm of Sidley, Austin, Brown and Wood LLP.
	www.bjtlaw.com /mizrahi.html (240 words)

	Encyclopedia: English: Mizrahi_Jews (Wikipedia) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Mizrahi Jews, or Mizrahim (מזרחי "Easterner", Standard Hebrew Mizraḥi, Tiberian Hebrew Mizrāḥî; plural מזרחים "Easterners", Standard Hebrew Mizraḥim, Tiberian Hebrew Mizrāḥîm) sometimes also called Edot HaMizrah (Congregations of the East) are Jews descended from the Jewish communities of the Middle East.
		Mizrahi communities spoke a number of Judeo-Arabic dialects such as Maghrebi, though these are now mainly used as a second language.
		Mizrahi Wanderings - Nancy Hawker on Samir Naqqash, one of Israel’s foremost Arab-language Mizrahi novelists.
	www.all-dictionaries.com /encyclopedia/EN/Mizrahi_Jews (1590 words)

	Semitic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Semitic languages are a family of languages spoken by more than 200 million people across much of the Middle East and North and East Africa.
		A number of Gurage languages are to be found in the mountainous center of Ethiopia, while Harari is restricted to the city of Harar; Tigre, spoken in the Eritrean highlands, has over a million speakers.
		All Semitic languages exhibit a unique pattern of stems consisting of "triliteral" or consonantal roots (normally consisting of three consonants), from which nouns, adjectives, and verbs are formed by inserting vowels with, potentially, prefixes, suffixes, or infixes (consonants inserted within the original root).
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Semitic_languages (2235 words)

	Hebrew language - Wikipedia Light! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Hebrew (עִבְרִית ‘Ivrit) is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by more than seven million people in Israel with significant communities in the West Bank, the United States, and Jewish communities around the world.
		The core of the Hebrew Bible (also known as the Tanakh) is the first five books of the Torah, which Judaism and Christianity traditionally hold to have been recorded in the time of Moses 13th century BCE.
		It is written in Classical Hebrew, and much of its present form is specifically in the dialect of Biblical Hebrew that scholars believe flourished roughly around the 6th century BCE, near the Babylonian Exile.
	godseye.com /wiki/index.php?title=Hebrew_language (5199 words)

	Israeli Hebrew by David Tene – Ariel 25
		The Committee assumed that this was the Hebrew pronunciation before Hebrew ceased to be a spoken language, and probably considered their decision to be sufficient for this pronunciation to materialize.
		It is connected with the primary language of the parents and/or grandparents of the native speakers of Hebrew.
		A consequence of this was the call for the revival of the Hebrew language as a prerequisite for the Jewish national revival.
	www.adath-shalom.ca /israeli_hebrew_tene.htm (7560 words)

	Jewish-Languages Mailing List: July 2001
		Of course, phonology of Israeli Hebrew is different from the period of the living Hebrew, which was strictly Semitic, especially phonologically and syntactically.
		However restoration of Hebrew, on my opinion, exceeds all previous cases, because it passed on all the levels, succeeded beyond any imagination, and the masses of native (uneducated) speakers born in Israel even don't realize this is a restored language.
		In fact, such unique oriental (mizrahi) pronunciation is gradually disappearing, one of the reasons being that Ivrit was formed mostly by Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazic Jews and its standards are thus different from the Semitic standards of Hebrew.
	www.jewish-languages.org /ml/200107.html (3019 words)

	Mizrahi Hebrew language
		The Mizrahi Hebrew language or Oriental Hebrew language refers to any one of the dialects of Biblical Hebrew used liturgically by Mizrahi Jews, that is, Jews living in Arab countries or further east, and typically speaking Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Turkish, or other languages of the Middle East and Asia.
		Sephardi Hebrew is not considered one of these, although it has been spoken in the Middle East and North Africa.
		Yemenite Hebrew is also considered quite separate, as it has a wholly different system for the pronunciation of the vowels.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Mizrahi_Hebrew_language (473 words)

	Te'uda 18: English Abstracts
		The living, spoken Hebrew language is one of the most striking achievements, some maintain the most important achievement, of the Israeli experience, because it is at once a formative factor and a mirror of the society in which we live.
		Hebrew dwells with, and is influenced by, Yiddish and Biblical Hebrew among the ultra-orthodox, Judeo-Arabic among the Jews who emigrated from Arab countries, Russian among the Russian Jews, and Arabic among the Arabs.
		Formerly used mainly as a literary and liturgical language, Hebrew was transformed at the turn of the twentieth century into a full-fledged, vernacular language and the national language of the Jews in Israel.
	www.tau.ac.il /humanities/semitic/Te'udaAbstracts.html (7589 words)

	\| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, Alabama (AL)
		Mizrahi communities spoke a number of Judeo-Arabic dialects such as Maghrebi, though these are now mainly used as a second language.
		Aramaic is a close sister of Hebrew and is identified as a "Jewish language", since it is the language of major Jewish texts (the Talmuds, Zohar, and many ritual recitations such as the Kaddish).
		However intermarriage between Ashkenazim and Mizrahim is now relatively common in Israel and the Hebrew language is so universal among the most recent generations that later newcomers, such as immigrants from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopians, consider Mizrahim to be a branch of Israeli society.
	www.timesdaily.com /section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Mizrahi_Jews (1988 words)

	Jews of the Middle East
		Hebrew developed alongside other Semitic languages in the Middle East and North Africa and Jewish prayers and holiday cycles reflect the weather patterns of that region.
		Mizrahi prayers are usually sung in quarter tones, whereas Sephardic prayers have more of a Southern European feel.
		As Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews are a minority of Jews in North America, their heritage remains foreign to many North American Jews of Central and Eastern European heritage (known as Ashkenazim).
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/mejews.html (969 words)

	Mizrahi Hebrew language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Mizrahi Hebrew language or Oriental Hebrew language refers to any one of the dialects of Biblical Hebrew used liturgically by Mizrahi Jews, that is, Jews living in Arab countries or further east, and typically speaking Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Turkish, or other languages of the Middle East and Asia.
		Sephardi Hebrew is not considered one of these, although it has been spoken in the Middle East and North Africa.
		Yemenite Hebrew is also considered quite separate, as it has a wholly different system for the pronunciation of the vowels.
	zdnet.co.za /m/i/z/Mizrahi_Hebrew_language_7516.html (474 words)

	Mizrahi Jews Summary
		Prior to the emergence of the term "Mizrahi", Arab Jews was sometimes used for Mizrahim originating in Arab lands, though not by the Mizrahim themselves.
		Mizrahi communities spoke a number of Judeo-Arabic dialects, such as Moghrabi though these are now mainly used as a second language.
		Mizrahi Wanderings - Nancy Hawker on Samir Naqqash, one of Israel’s foremost Arab-language Mizrahi novelists.
	www.bookrags.com /Mizrahi_Jews (1815 words)

	Mizrahi Jew - Gurupedia
		Standard Hebrew Mizraḥim) are Jews of Middle-Eastern origin; that is to say, their ancestors never left the Middle-East.
		Though there have been many languages associated with Mizrahi Jews, the most prominent was Judæo-Arabic; see also Mizrahi Hebrew language.
		Most Mizrahi Jewish communities outside Israel were destroyed after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, when Arab societies violently retaliated against their local Jewish populations.
	www.gurupedia.com /m/mi/mizrahi.htm (131 words)

	Cambridge School of Languages
		Linguists and archaeologists generally believe that this language family originated somewhere in northeastern Africa and began to diverge around the 8th millennium BCE.
		Modern Hebrew script was derived from a script known as proto-Hebrew or Early Aramaic.
		This will allow you to have a better “feel” of the language as it is used in its native context.
	www.cambridge.com.sg /languages/hebrewv1.htm (615 words)

	Mizrahi Jews information - Search.com
		In the context of modern Israeli society the label is commonly used in the sense "non-Ashkenazim" and is mostly associated with the Near East and North Africa.
		Many Mizrahi communities existed in Arab countries, and at various times spoke a number of Judeo-Arabic dialects, though these are now mainly used as a second language.
		Most Mizrahi Jews fled their countries of birth when, in reaction to the events leading up the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and subsequent establishment of the state of Israel, citizens of Arab countries acted out violently against their local Jewish populations.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Mizrahi_Jews (1220 words)

	Attorney Ramit Mizrahi, Allred, Maroko & Goldberg, Los Angeles, California
		Attorney Ramit Mizrahi practices in the area of employment law, with a focus on discrimination, retaliation, and sexual harassment.
		Mizrahi clerked for the Honorable Richard Paez of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, where she worked on a number of appeals involving sex, race, national origin, age, and disability discrimination claims.
		Mizrahi also served as a research assistant for Professor Vicki Schultz, a renowned scholar of sexual harassment and employment discrimination law.
	www.amglaw.com /bio/RamitMizrahi.asp (338 words)

	A Revelation of Jesus Christ: the Euphrates dries up
		In this case, the Hebrew word is made harder to convey because of the uncertainty of two transliterations -- first into Greek (with John supplying the closest Greek letters), and then into English (with the translator supplying the closest English equivalent of the Greek letters).
		Hebrew was virtually a dead language by the late first century, with probably only a handful of elderly Jews (as John was) being fluent in Hebrew.
		Ashkenazi Hebrew language (liturgical), and the Modern Hebrew language (the official language of the State of Israel).
	www.geocities.com /bmidyet/aRev16f.htm (11850 words)

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