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	Mobilian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Mobilian language was a used as a lingua franca among Native American groups living along the Gulf of Mexico around the time of European settlement of the region.
		Mobilian was used from Florida westward as far as Texas to facilitate trade between tribes speaking different languages.
		Mobilian is a pidginized form of Choctaw and Chickasaw that also contains elements of Algonquian and colonial languages including English, Spanish, and French.
	marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Mobilian_language (182 words)

	Lesson Two (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Mobilian was once a "trade" language understood all over the Southeast by most tribes; a few people can speak it in Louisiana, Mississippi and north Florida today.
		The Mikasuki language is still spoken regularly by a large group of people--it is the primary language of both the Mikasuki and Seminole tribes of Florida.
		The language of the Oklahoma Creeks, the language of the Oklahoma Seminoles, and the language called Apalachicola are all commonly called "Muskogee," "Creek," or "Muskogee Creek," since they are all really just dialects of the same language.
	www.tfn.net /Museum/language/lesson2.html (767 words)

	SULAIR: Reference Guide for Pidgin
		Reinecke = A Bibliography of Pidgin and Creole Languages (18);
		Hancock = "Repertory of Pidgin and Creole Languages" (29.2).
		Child language (attention has been given to the similarities in the structures of pidgins and the structure of the speech of children as they acquire their first language): see Bickerton, 1981,
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/pidgins/appa.html (228 words)

	SULAIR: Reference Guide for Pidgin and Creole Languages
		Speakers of different languages at first evolved some form of auxiliary contact language, native to none of them, known as a Pidgin(1), and this language, suitably expanded, eventually became the native or Creole (2) language of the community that exists today.
		In general then, the term Creole is used to refer to any language which was once a Pidgin and which subsequently became a native language ; some scholars have extended the term to any language, ex-Pidgin or not, that has undergone massive structural change due to language contact.
		Some clearly Creole languages are classified as a Pidgin or "other" mixed languages, some are classified as dialects of their "target" languages (English, French, etc.,), and some are classed sometimes as a dialect and sometimes as a "mixed" language.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/pidgins/pidgin.html (2296 words)

	[No title]
		______ 1991 Languages of the Aboriginal Southeast: An Annotated Bibliography.
		Granberry, Julian 1993 A Grammar and Dictionary of the Timucua Language.
		______ 1941 The Classification of the Muskogean Languages.
	www.wm.edu /linguistics/wahala/bibliography.doc (3162 words)

	alps.ca - Mobilian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		MOBILIAN: an extinct language of USA MOBILIAN: an extinct language of USA A page from the Web edition of Ethnologue: Languages of the World (14th edition) giving basic facts about the lang...
		Mobilian has raised about $70 million since it was founded in 1999...
		Mobilian Corp. is sampling TrueRadio, a two-piece chip set that supports the simultaneous operation...
	alps.ca /Mobilian/reference/search (194 words)

	James M. Crawford Papers, American Philosophical Society
		Cocopa is one of ten Yuman languages spoken in Arizona, California, and Mexico.
		Crawford organized several symposia on Southeastern Indian Languages, and in 1978, he co-organized with Robert L. Rankin the first Conference on Muskogean Languages and Linguistics at the University of Oklahoma in Norman.
		Crawford was a member of the American Anthropological Association, the Arizona Historical and Archaeological Society, the International Linguistics Association, the Linguistic Society of America, the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society, the Southeastern Conference on Linguistics, and the Southern Anthropological Society.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/c/crawford.htm (2147 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Category:Languages_of_the_United_States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This category is for languages spoken in the United States (including Alaska and Hawaii), whether indigenous or introduced by immigrants.
		For more information, see the article about Languages of the United States.
		Articles in category "Languages of the United States"
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Category:Languages_of_the_United_States (50 words)

	cherokees
		One reason for this is the fact that the whites have usually heard of a tribe from its neighbors, speaking other languages, before coming upon the tribe itself.
		Many of the popular tribal names were originally nicknames bestowed by neighboring tribes, frequently referring to some peculiar custom, and in a large number of cases would be strongly repudiated by the people designated by them.
		Their language was subdivided into at least three distinct dialects, and their nation was segregated into five regional groups [the Lower, the Overhill, the Valley, the Middle, and the Out towns], often competing against one another, and sometimes, when rival clusters of towns became antagonistic, even competing within themselves (2).
	web.syr.edu /~cfsmith/congress/episodes/1789/comments/Cher/cherokees.html (570 words)

	Mobile Indian Tribe History
		Mention is made in the Mobile church registers of individual members the tribe as late as 1761, after which are lost to history as a tribe.
		Clay images of men and women and also of animals, supposed to be objects of worship by this people, were found by the French.
		The so-called Mobilian trade language a corrupted Choctaw jargon used for purposes of intertribal communication among all the tribes from Florida to Louisiana, extending northward on the Mississippi to about the junction of the Ohio.
	www.accessgenealogy.com /native/tribes/muskhogean/mobilehist.htm (350 words)

	Swtext louisiana1d
		Meaning in Choctaw and Mobilian, "man eater," because they and some of the Indians west of them at times ate the flesh of their enemies.
		Their language was of the southern Muskhogean division, not far removed from Houma and Choctaw.
		No words of the Opelousa language have survived, but the greater number of the earlier references to them speak as if they were allied with the Atakapa, and it is probable that they belonged to the Atakapan group of tribes.
	www.hiddenhistory.com /PAGE3/swsts/louise-1.htm (6690 words)

	Encyclopedia: Mobile, Alabama
		Louisiana sold in 1803 by NapolÃ©on to USA, which was a portion of the historical extent of French Louisiana Louisiana (French language: La Louisiane) was the name of an administrative district of New France in the 17th and 18th centuries.
		The inhabitants of this community retained their African customs and language well into the 20th century.
		The Battle House Project is the crowning achievement of the "String of Pearls" initiative undertaken by the Dow administration, which has seen the construction of the Arthur Outlaw Convention Center, the Cruise Ship Terminal, the Maritime Museum of the Gulf of Mexico, and the complete rebirth of Dauphin Street, Mobile's historic commercial corridor.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mobile,-Alabama (7089 words)

	Mobilian Jargon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mobilian Jargon was a pidgin trade language used as a lingua franca among Native American groups living along the Gulf of Mexico around the time of European settlement of the region.
		The name refers to the Mobile Indians of the central Gulf Coast.
		This page was last modified 06:19, 27 October 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mobilian_language (146 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: COLABE CILLISTINE
		Colabe Cillistine (Celestine, Sylestine), subchief or second chief of the Alabama Indian tribe, spoke four languages and served his tribe effectively in communications with other tribes and with government officials and white settlers from 1806 to 1865.
		Colabe, as he was generally called by the Alabamas, was born around 1780 near Lafourche, Louisiana, and moved with his family to Texas by 1800.
		As a young man he became skillful in the use of other languages in addition to the Alabama tribal language: French, English, and the Mobilian trade language.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/CC/fcocw.html (416 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Canadian literature, new & used textbooks, cookbooks, children's books, science fiction & more (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Maya language of Yucatan is known as Yucatec by linguists, but its speakers refer to it as Maya.
		Moreover, it is not only a living language but is of great use...
		Based on extensive research and pedagogy on the Rosebud Reservation, this elementary grammar of Lakota, one of three languages spoken by the Sioux nation, is the first written by a native Lakota speaker.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/tg/browse/-/952474/14 (281 words)

	CHEROKEE HISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Records of the expedition refer to the tribe as "Chalaque", probably from the Mobilian trade language (a corrupted Choctaw jargon used by the tribes of the Southeast), probably meaning "cave people".
		Refusing to accept this negotiated peace and angered at continued pressure from white settlers, Duwali and others moved south to extreme SW Arkansas and then, with permission of the Spanish, into Spanish Texas.
		In 1822, Sequoyah, inventory of the Cherokee syllabary (the written language), introduced his work to the Western Cherokee which was readily accepted through the influence of Chief Takatoka, who opposed the introduction of the missions schools and whiteman's religion.
	www.angelfire.com /al2/gasaguali/HISTORY.HTM (6788 words)

	The Rosetta Project: the 1000 language archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Send a message to a Mobilian language specialist or native speaker who might be able to review or contribute materials.
		The Rosetta Project is a global collaboration of language specialists and native speakers working to develop a contemporary version of the historic "Rosetta Stone".
		We are creating this broad language archive through an open contribution, open review process and we invite you to participate.
	www.rosettaproject.org /live/search/invitecolleague?ethnocode=MOD&langname=Mobilian (162 words)

	About InterTRIBAL.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		When a language dies, the descendants of those who spoke the language lose a crucial element of their ancestral connection, and we all lose the unique world-view of an entire culture.
		If you create (or are thinking of creating) language education materials, please evaluate these tools to see if they may be appropriate for inclusion in your projects.
		If you know a tribal language and want to share it, or if you want to know a tribal language, this should be the first place you look.
	www.intertribal.net /about_net.htm (1288 words)

	Mobilian language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Mobilian language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		[Categories: Languages of the United States, Pidgins and creoles, Native American languages]
		The Mobilian (A systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols) language
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/mobilian_language.htm (84 words)

	Mississippi Choctaw Tidbit
		The Choctaw Indians of Mississippi bear a rich and lively culture.It is evident in their living language and daily activities.
		On a lexico-statistical analysis of the two languages which I performed 30 years ago only one word in a one hundred word test differed: For the generic term "bird", the Choctaws use "hushi", the Chickasaws "fushi".
		The trade language was "mobilian" - which one author called a kind of pidgin Choctaw.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/473824 (609 words)

	The Word Appalachian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Mobilian Trade Language used by the native guides that De Soto mistakenly assumed the Appalachee tribe in Florida was the native culture of the Southeast and named the Appalachian Mountains after the tribe.
		The lady, who spoke with a Deep South accent, used the pronunciation derived from the Appalachee Indian Tribe, the original source.
		Crawford, James M., The Mobilian Trade Language used by Indians of the Mississippi Valley, Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1978.
	www.fred.net /kathy/at/word.html (396 words)

	Hyperborean, Indian and Artificial Languages - What's Been Published - Alphabetically by Title Beginning: T
		The Aymara language in its social and cultural context : a collection essays on aspects of Aymara language and culture
		The genesis of discourse grammar : universals and substrata in Guyanese, Hawaii Creole, and Japanese
		The new philosophy and universal languages in seventeenth-century England : Bacon, Hobbes, and Wilkins
	www.pitbossannie.com /ti-pm-t-page01.html (972 words)

	mobilian - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		We found 2 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word mobilian:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "mobilian" is defined.
		Mobilian : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=mobilian (79 words)

	Personal Memoirs Of A Residence Of Thirty Years With The Indian Tribes On The American Frontiers by Henry Rowe ...
		Gallatin at his house in Bleecker Street, and spent the entire morning in listening to his instructive conversation, in the course of which he spoke of early education, geometric arithmetic, the principles of languages and history, American and European.
		The language of arithmetic is universal, the eight digits serving all combinations.
		Du Pratz wrote about the Mobilian language without even suspecting that it was the Choctaw.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/11119/491.html (437 words)

	NAT-LANG (1994) by author (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Mobilian language Sat, 11 Jun 1994 08:08:00 EST
		Re: Mobilian language Fri, 17 Jun 1994 16:07:55 -0500
		Re: Mobilian language Mon, 13 Jun 1994 08:35:55 CDT
	www.native-net.org /archive/ng/94/author.html (3923 words)

	Mobilian Jargon; Drechsel, Emanuel J. (Associate Professor, Liberal Studies Program, University of Hawaii, Manoa, USA); ...
		Looking at the significance of language contact in America, this is a grammatical and sociohistorical study of Mobilian Jargon, an American Indian pidgin.
		Language, Literature And Biography > Slang & Jargon
		Prices subject to change to be advised on confirmation of order.
	www.worldretailstore.com /item/BE-0198240333.html (263 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		On the basis of what they told me at Ste.
		Genevieve and of this report, I sent out two detachments, one lower down to go up 1 "The so-called Mobilian trade language was a corrupted Choctaw jargon used for the purposes of intertribal communication among all the tribes from Florida to Louisiana, extending northward on the Mississippi to about the junction of the Ohio.
		It was also known as the Chickasaw trade language." Hodge, Handbook of American Indians, 1:916.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /master/gc/gcmisc/gcfr/0008/08160756.txt (183 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:MOD
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		Ethnologue data from Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 14th Edition
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=MOD (65 words)

	LinguaLinks Subject Index
		Mangbutu (a language of Democratic Republic of Congo)'
		Mazateco, Huautla De Jimenez (a language of Mexico)
		Mono (a language of Democratic Republic of Congo)
	www.ethnologue.com /ll_docs/index/IndexM.asp (166 words)

	Mobilian language
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		The Mobilian language was a mixture of theodawa Yematasi and atawa Teacha'Chi languages, used as a lingua franca among Native American groups living along the Gulf of Mexico around the time of European settlement of the region.
		Mobilian is a pidginized form of Choctaw and Chickasaw that also contains elements of Algonquian, Yematasi, Teacha'Chi, and colonial languages including English, Spanish, and French.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/mobilian_language (202 words)

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