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Topic: Moche

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	Moche - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Moche history is broadly categorized into five periods based on the increasing complexity of pottery decoration.
		Their adobe buildings have mostly been destroyed by looters and the elements over the last 1300 years, but the two huacas that remain show that the coloring of their murals was much more varied, with every color of the rainbow represented.
		The Moche was an Early Intermediate culture that co-existed with the Ica-Nazca culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moche (926 words)

	Moche
		As the artistic style of the Moche spread and evolved throughout northern Peru, it became a predominant media of all the states, which lasted for five centuries (from 2,200 BP to 1,200 BP) and underwent five phases of development.
		The decline of the Moche came abruptly with the rise of Chimu culture.
		However, Moche culture remains a meaningful premeager to many of the other ceramic and artistic forms found throughout South America, and eventually led to the rise of the great Incan civilizations and their artistic endeavors.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/latinamerica/south/cultures/moche.html (715 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Donnan, Moche Portraits from Ancient Peru
		The stories in Moche paintings are supported by archaeological excavations of elaborate tombs containing the remains of the ceremony's participants and of the mutilated and dismembered bodies of sacrificed prisoners.
		The Moche inhabited an arid coastal plain, bordered on the east by the Andean cordillera and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.
		Moche settlements are found only between the ocean and the point where the valley floodplains narrow as they enter the canyons leading up to the Andean mountain range--usually a distance of 50 to 80 kilometers.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exdonmoc.html (2011 words)

	MOCHE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Moche lived principally in three river valleys - the Chicama, the Moche, and the Viru.
		Moche religion featured a figure called the "Decapitator" depicted with octopus-like arms and thought to figure in ritual human sacrifice.
		The Moche were succeeded by the Wari and Chimu cultures.
	www.yotor.org /wiki/en/mo/Moche.htm (108 words)

	THE DEITY OF SKY: ONE WAY TO INTERPRET THE MOCHE ICONOGRAPHY
		As the Moche culture belongs to the Early Middle Period, the existence of the deity with staves is somewhat problematic as well.
		As the Moche culture is one of the most important successors and inheritors, and as the impact of the Chavín culture on the material culture of Mochica is unquestionable, it is in fact surprising that the deity with staves as a mythological character has not yet been discovered in the Mochican religion.
		In figure 7 the deity is fighting the dragon and a long-haired daemon, in figure 8 the battle is between the deity and the molluscous dragon, figure 9 depicts deities among celestial spheres (stars).
	haldjas.folklore.ee /folklore/vol10/sky.htm (2385 words)

	Fineline Painting of the MOCHE on Tribalarts.com
		The most common form of ceramic produced by the Moche was the stirrup vessel, in its simplest form a closed body surmounted by an arched tube that pierces it in two points, and is itself pierced by a vertical spout.
		Geographically, Moche culture was split into northern and southern sections, divided by the daunting wasteland of Pampa de Paiján in the middle.
		Moche society was highly stratified, and was tightly controlled by a hierarchy of priests and warriors.
	www.tribalarts.com /feature/moche (1997 words)

	ANTH P376 - Take Home Final Exam Question 2
		Based upon this early seminal work, the Moche were assumed to have expanded from this central region of the north coast, first into the valleys immediately to the south (i.e., the Virú, Santa, Huarmey, etc.) during periods Moche III and IV, and later (Moche V) into the northern valleys (Lambayeque, Piura).
		Moche iconography appeared to lend support this interpretation of expansion through military conquest, with battle scenes (Fig4.gif, Fig5.gif), warrior capture (Fig6.gif), judgement regarding the captive's final fate (Fig7.gif), and sacrifice of the captives (Fig8.gif) all being common themes depicted on Moche ceramics.
		Donnan's analysis of Moche IV portrait vessels those that, in form, are apparently reflecting unique aspects that suggest actual individuals ; may represent actual individuals (almost always elite as is apparent from their head gear and other adornments).
	users.ipfw.edu /sutterr/P376/Q2Background.html (2319 words)

	at the Museum: The Moche People and Culture Described
		The Moche culture flourished on the dry deserts of the Northern Coast of Peru between 200 BC and AD 700.
		This Moche IV stirrup spout vessel lacks the red and white slip; it is finished in a different technique and is called flware.
		The Moche built large flat-topped pyramids, made of millions of mud bricks that were used for rituals, palaces and royal burials.
	www.museum.upenn.edu /Moche/mocheculture.html (593 words)

	Speakers Moderators • Sibley Symposium • T H E A R T S, the Arts and the Archeology of the Moche
		These comparisons instruct us in the ways that the Moche put their realities into compact visual expression, and they give evidence of what in the iconography actually existed and what was a gloss to express the numinous quality of the art.
		Moche scholars now generally accept that the Mochica were not a single, unified state but a cluster of polities with distinct degrees of development and independence.
		To understand how the Moche made and used masks, evidence must be assembled from several sources: the artistic depictions of Moche masks being used, the Moche masks that are in museums and private collections today, and the instances of Moche masks that have been excavated archaeologically.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/arh400/sibley/speakers.html (2028 words)

	About the Moche
		The Moche were an advanced early civilization that flourished in northern Peru from A.D. The Moche pioneered the use of press molds to produce large numbers of ceramic vessels, which circulated primarily among the upper
		Despite the fact that many basic forms were mass-produced, Moche ceramics reached a high level of artistic achievement in the finishing details of modeling and painting.
		The wealth of imagery in the various media have sometimes been taken as a broad record of the Moche world, but convincing arguments suggest that in fact the Moche were only portraying a very select group of objects and themes, perhaps derived from a pervasive mythology of the culture.
	www.perutoyou.com /Aboutmoche.htm (482 words)

	Peru - Moche Culture
		The Moche didn't conquer the Cupisnique; rather, there was a slow transition characterized by a number of developments.
		The Moche culture, a culture that has left impressive archaeological sites and some of the most outstanding pottery to be seen in Peru's museums, is named after the river which flows into the ocean just south of Trujillo.
		The thousands of Moche pots preserved in museums are so realistically decorated with figures and scenes that they give us a very descriptive look at life during the Moche period.
	www.travelvantage.com /per_moch.html (1017 words)

	The Lord of Sipan. Moche Pre Inca Culture. Geometry from the Land of the Incas. Antonio Gutierrez
		Four tombs have been found in Sipan's Huaca Rajada, the huaca is a mausoleum built by the Moche culture that ruled the northern coast of Peru from the time of Christ to 700 AD, centuries prior to the Incas.
		Sipan's treasures show us the Moche culture's ability with several metals: gold, silver, copper and precious stones in fine quality and a mastery in metallurgy unrivaled in the Americas: masks, necklaces, earrings and other elaborate jewelry.
		The Moche treasures are exhibited in the Bruning Museum in the city of Lambayeque, only a few miles from Chiclayo.
	agutie.homestead.com /files/Sipan.htm (351 words)

	The Lara McClintoch Archaeological Mystery Series by Lyn Hamilton - The Moche Warrior - Peru Information
		The Moche were, until the late 1980's, something of a mystery themselves, an almost forgotten footnote in the study of Peruvian antiquity, known largely by scholars, a few brief mentions in books devoted to those who came much later, the infinitely better known Inca.
		The Moche commanded a narrow strip of some of the driest desert in the world, except, of course, when it is being ravaged by flashfloods, located between the sea, to the west, and the Andes to the east.
		While the reason for the collapse of the Moche empire is the subject of some debate, sometime in the eighth century, the empire disintegrated.
	www.lynhamilton.com /peru.html (3717 words)

	biology - Moche (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Moche worship featured a figure called the decapitator, sometimes depicted with octopus-like arms.
		Studies of ice cores drilled from glaciers in the Andes reveal climatic catastophe between AD 550 to 600 when it is thought that coastal ares were hit by 30 years of floods and rain (Mega El Niño), which were then followed by 30 or more years of drought.
		Recent evidence uncovered by American Archeologist Tom Dillehay has shown that Moche civilization survived beyond AD 650 and later settlements are characterised by fortifications and defensive works.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Moche (832 words)

	Moche Burials Uncovered @ nationalgeographic.com
		Although they had no writing system, the Moche left a vivid artistic record of their activities in beautiful ceramic vessels, elaborately woven textiles, colorful murals, and wondrous objects of gold, silver, and copper.
		Finding undisturbed Moche tombs is rare in an area that has been looted for more than four centuries, yet from 1997 to 1999 our team of U.S. and Peruvian researchers discovered three extraordinary tombs at Dos Cabezas, an ancient settlement in the lower Jequetepeque Valley.
		Donnan, Christopher B. Iconography of the Moche: Unraveling the Mystery of the Warrior-Priest,” National Geographic (October 1988), 551-555.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0103/feature3 (815 words)

	MOCHE ORIGINS PROJECT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The goal of the Moche Origins Project is to examine how highland-coastal relationships, social stratification, and warfare influenced the development of the Moche State, centered in the Moche Valley on the north coast of Peru.
		Flourishing during the Early Intermediate Period, the Moche State was a highly centralized, hierarchically organized political system in which leaders exercised considerable economic, military, and ideological power.
		Although clearly one of the largest and most complex prehistoric political systems to have developed in the Americas, the origins and socioeconomic structure of the Moche State are poorly understood.
	www.rla.unc.edu /Research/Moche.html (309 words)

	Moche Foodways Archaeological Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Men, women, animals, and deities are depicted on Moche ceramics, and are often portrayed in highly detailed, realistic activities such as hunting, fishing, combat, and ceremonies.
		Moche portrait vessel recovered from Huaca Cao Viejo in 1998.
		Moche stirrup spout vessel molded in the form of a snail.
	moche.nau.edu /pottery.htm (167 words)

	[No title]
		Bounded by the ocean to the west, an agricultural plain to the east and south and the delta of the powerful Jequetepeque River to the north -- with the jagged outline of the Andes beyond -- it is a desert-like but beautiful place.
		Archaeologists are not clear why the Moche occupation of Dos Cabezas ended, but houses filled to the roofs with windblown sand suggest that the site was buried, possibly during a period of drought.
		What the Moche left behind are the clues to a culture that otherwise would have been lost forever.
	www.magazine.ucla.edu /year2001/summer01_03.html (641 words)

	Moche (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The first Moche lived in a high-density peasant population surrounding a central worship site such as a massive pyramid.
		Today's Moche are farmers and are also beginning to participate in the local cash economy.
		The Moche are especially known for their ceramics, considered the most artistically sensitive and technically developed of any found in Peru.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/southamerica/moche.html (140 words)

	Sipan and Huaca rajada. where The tomb of Lord of Sipan was discovered. Sipan tours and travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This “Lord of Sipan”; was 5’4” tall and died of an undetermined illness at 35-45 years of age, within the average life expectancy of the Moche population.
		He was buried in a wooden coffin with full regalia, including pectoral shields made of shell, bone and stone, several blankets adorned with ornate, gilded, copper platelets, two necklaces of very fine metalwork, feather ornaments, headdresses and three sets of earspools inlaid with turquoise.
		A careful study of Moche iconography has led Dr. Walter Alva, currently director of the “Tumbas Reales” Museum (Royal Tombs Museum) in Larnbayeque, to suggest that the buried person was a high ranking warrior-priest, or a Moche lord (the "Lord of Sipan").
	www.inkanatura.com /coastchiclayotrujillosipanhuaca.asp (1612 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Lost society tore itself apart
		The Moche were pioneers of metal working techniques such as gilding and early forms of soldering.
		Excavating at one of the major Moche huacas - a site known as the Huaca de la Luna - he came across a series of dismembered skeletons that bore all the signs of human sacrifice.
		The Moche had struggled through the climatic disaster but the leadership - which at least in part had claimed authority from its ability to determine the weather - had lost authority and Moche villages and/or clan groups had turned on each other in a battle for scarce resources such as food and land.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/4311153.stm (750 words)

	The Spirit of Ancient Peru on Tribalarts.com
		Storage shelves with Moche portrait vessels in the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera, Lima,1996.
		From close analysis of the objects in his collection he began to reconstruct the mythology and socio-political structure of the Moche, as well as establishing a classification system for their ceramic vessels.
		Transformation of beings was a common artistic motif for the Moche, who believed the divisions between earthly and spiritual realms were not barriers for shamans and others who could perform the necessary rituals.
	www.tribalarts.com /feature/peru (1233 words)

	Moche Origins and Its Territorial Extent
		The origins of the Moche culture are one of the most hotly debated issues among scholars of Andean prehistory.
		The appearance of Moche in the Lambayeque valley at the end of the first century A.D. is one argument scholars use to propose that early on there were two independent centers of Moche society, linked by ceremony and sacred ritual.
		The loss of prestige by Moche elites and the influence of foreign cultures from the central coast and highlands marked the beginning of the end of Moche society.
	www.huacas.com /page10.htm (127 words)

	Amazon.com: Moche (The Peoples of America): Books: Garth Bawden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Moche civilization was created by the people who lived in the arid coastal regions of Northern Peru from around AD 100 to AD 700.
		He describes the symbols of religion and myth and shows how these were vital participants in rituals, often involving human sacrifice, that served to maintain balance with the unpredictable forces of nature while at the same time reinforcing the power of the rulers.
		The picture that emerges is of a brilliant manifestation of Andean culture within whose society diversity and tension were as evident as unity and whose development and decline were shaped by the attributes of its own peculiar history and by the region in which it flourished.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0631218637?v=glance (1085 words)

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