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Topic: Mode 13h

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	Mode 13h - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mode 13h provides a straightforward manner of access (nicknamed chunky graphics) to video memory at the expense of some useful features the VGA hardware was capable of providing.
		Mode 13h is something of a curiosity, because the VGA is a planar device from a hardware perspective, and somewhat unsuited for chunky graphics operation.
		This is made possible because in Mode 13h the hardware uses the last two bits of the address to select the plane to write to.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mode_13h (519 words)

	ipedia.com: Mode 13h Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In computing, Mode 13h (the "h" here stands for "hexadecimal," so this is actually VGA mode 19) is a standard 256 colour mode on IBM's VGA graphics hardware.
		Mode 13h provides a straight forward manner of access (called chunky graphics) to video at the expense of several very useful features.
		Mode 13 is something of a curiosity, because the VGA is from a hardware perspective a planar device, and so completely unsuited to chunky graphics.
	www.ipedia.com /mode_13h.html (423 words)

	Mode 13h (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In computing, Mode 13h is a standard 256 colour mode on IBM's VGA graphics hardware.
		Mode 13 provides a straight forward manner of access (called chunky graphics) to video at the expense of several very useful features.
		Mode 13h though allows the programmer to access the VGA in the chunky fashion where every byte represents a single pixel.
	www.fact-index.com /m/mo/mode_13h.html (355 words)

	DEMO.DESIGN FAQ
		One works with mode 13h, the other one works with mode X. First the mode 13h approach...
		The best way (in mode 13h) would be to store it as two bitmaps: one for the top half of the screen and one for the bottom.
		Mode X hardware scrolling has the disadvantage that you can only scroll by multiples of 4 pixels.
	www.enlight.ru /demo/faq/smth.phtml?query=msc_scrolling_gfx (292 words)

	Atrevida Tutorial 7: Introduction to VGA . . . Mode 13h
		Of the standard graphics modes, Mode 13h is by far the simplest mode to use.
		The standard text mode is Mode 3h, so simply set AH to 0, set AL to 3 hex, and call INT 10h.
		Mode 13h is not too difficult to use; at least, it is much easier to use than some of the other VGA graphics modes.
	atrevida.comprenica.com /atrtut07.html (1884 words)

	Video Graphics Array (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An undocumented, but popular 256 colour mode called Mode X was used to make available programming techniques and graphics resolutions not possible in the standard Mode 13h.
		The official Mode 13h was not capable of double buffering, but double buffering was possible using Mode X. Some of the 16-color modes also supported double buffering.
		Due to the use of different address mappings for different modes it is possible to have an Monochrome Display Adapter and a colour adapter such as the VGA, EGA, or CGA installed in one machine.
	q-basic.xodox.de /VGA (1068 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There are 3 ways: a) Init mode 13h and enable access to bank registers You have to do a specific code to enable the bank registers, and then use a specific code to switch the banks.
		This mode is obtained by enabling banking in mode 13h.
		So, this kind of modes is to be used in BBStros, or if you want to use it in a party, you have to do a regular version for RGB projector (using true HiColor, or using fake 18 bits -like Orange, for example-,...).
	www.textfiles.com /programming/svgatrix.txt (2363 words)

	Programming the VGA
		The Standard VGA mode 13h is the easiest and fastest color graphics programming.
		Mode X is the undocumented mode of the VGA.
		mode, except the designers wanted to only use 64k so they made each line display twice, hence the 320x200 res mode.
	www.frontiernet.net /~fys/modex.htm (609 words)

	GameDev.net - Mode 13h
		Mode 13h ÕÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ¸ ³ W E L C O M E ³ ³ To the VGA Trainer Program ³ ³ ³ By ³ ³ ³ DENTHOR of ASPHYXIA ³ ³ ³ ÔÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ¾ ³ ³ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ ³ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ --==[ PART 1 ]==-- þ Introduction Hi there!
		Now, the MCGA video mode is mode 13h, and here is how we do it in Pascal.
		One call to that procedure, and BANG you are in 320x200x256 mode.
	www.gamedev.net /reference/articles/article347.asp (1934 words)

	Nomad Programming
		Mode 13H was popular in the early 1990s, but because newer, higher, and better screen resolutions came out, well, usage of this mode just seemed to have "died out".
		There're two ways of plotting a pixel in this mode, one's via BIOS call (which is slow, and is discouraged!), and the other is writing directly to the screen via the mode's memory address (which is faster).
		Now, the base address of mode 13H in memory is 0xA000, it's like the starting address in your computer's memory that points to the monitor that you're facing...:).
	developer.nomadph.com /part01.html (1528 words)

	GameDev.net - The Video Mode 13h
		Since DJGPP compiles protected mode programs, we can't directly access the computer hardware and memory, so we must use this function to allow use to access them indirectly by using pointers.
		The byte 0x13 represents the 13h video mode, this is what will be past into the 0x00 function so that it knows which video mode to change to.
		Well, all you really have to do is call the "video mode changing" hardware function (0x00) with the text mode byte in regs.h.al, un-allocate the video buffer, and then turn off the "real memory access by way of pointers" mode.
	www.gamedev.net /reference/articles/article315.asp (1060 words)

	Programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In mode 13h, the screen is 320 pixels in width and 200 pixels in height.
		Plotting a pixel in unchained mode is a tad bit more tedious than it is in mode 13h, because the proper plane has to be selected.
		One of the reasons mode 13h is sometimes faster than unchained mode is that for each frame, the selected plane is changed four times for each ball object.
	atschool.eduweb.co.uk /camdean/pupils/amac/vga.htm (5239 words)

	Guide: VGA mode 13h graphics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One of the most widely used PC graphics modes, and certainly the easiest to program, is the VGA mode 13h.
		This should be everything you need to get your program up and running in the VGA 320x200 mode 13h, and the same techniques can be applied to other VGA modes like the 16 color and tweaked mode-X resolutions.
		All the djgpp-specific parts of programming in these other VGA modes are the same as for mode 13h, so you can combine the djgpp material from this document with hardware information from the many sources available on the net, and hopefully be able to access any VGA graphics mode that you like.
	www.delorie.com /djgpp/doc/ug/graphics/vga.html (1020 words)

	Calvat.com - Tutoriaux de programmation
		Le mode 13h (ou VGA) est le mode graphique le plus adapté pour apprendre la programmation graphique sous Dos.
		Le mode 13h supporte une résolution de 320*200 pixels avec 256 couleurs.
		Il commence par activer le mode 13h puis affiche un point de couleur 1 (bleu dans la palette par défaut) et change la couleur du pixel en changeant la palette.
	www.calvat.com /index.php?Menu=TUT&SMenu=13H (456 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		But mode 13h is still very easy to program, as you will quickly learn.
		The major advantage with mode 13h is that the video memory is always at the physical address A0000h, which means it can be found at the same place on any PC.
		In mode 13h, these colour components are limited to the range [0..63].
	www.flipcode.com /articles/demomaking_issue02-pf.shtml (1766 words)

	Glossary of Terms
		This is an un-chained video mode, which means that you have to use a form of bank switching to access all the screen memory.
		Some drawbacks of this mode are that it is difficult to code for and isn't any faster than Mode 13h on a PC today.
		Protected Mode is a mode of operation on the Intel processor that was implemented on the 286 and higher.
	www.monstersoft.com /tutorial1/glossary (707 words)

	XGA/1 or XGA/2 Video Adapter Cannot Play Full-Screen .AVI File
		That is, when you are accessing video memory with mode 13h, increasing a given address by one byte results in the address of the next pixel in sequence.
		To avoid this problem and other problems associated with mode 13h, programmers often use mode X instead.
		Mode X involves direct programming of the VGA registers, which allows for greater flexibility and the ability to address more memory.
	support.microsoft.com /kb/q128804 (295 words)

	Aleph1\HTML\53-56 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is possible to add modes to this file if you know the abilities of your monitor and the file format.
		If a mode !PC doesn’t know how to handle is selected, it will always check with RISC OS to see if such a mode can be displayed.
		If the mode cannot be displayed then !PC reverts to multitasking, and displays the mode in a window of the correct size.
	www.aleph1.co.uk /AcornProd/docs/manuals/PC/html/53.html (664 words)

	Matthew Doucette - DOS-based Real-Time Computer Graphics
		All effects are coded in mode 13h (320x200x256).
		A note about mode 13h: As this mode is now outdated, many forget about the problems and restrictions of this mode:
		This means that you had to understand 3D graphics and algorithms to program in mode 13h.
	www.matthewdoucette.com /realtimegraphicsdos (259 words)

	Mode13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To change to mode 13h, call the set video interrupt: Int 10h, AH = 00h, AL = 13h,
		Mode 13h is a linear, 8 bit palletized mode.
		The video buffer starts at segmented memory address A000:0000 and extends for 64000 bytes.
	www.codepedia.com /wiki/printer.aspx?WikiID=1&p=Mode13 (49 words)

	flat assembler - View topic - Unchained mode 13h? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Because of this, and the fact that VGA mode 12h 640x480x16 is too slow and doesn't look good because of the lack of colors, I use mode 13h.
		other modes don't necessarily, especially those with a higher resolution (which the thread starter obviously had in mind, although he wrote "unchained mode 13h".
		I mean, people with non-standard video cards have two options: Mode 13h (low resolution but good colors) or Mode 12h (highER resolution but terrible colors and really really slow).
	board.flatassembler.net /topic.php?p=22921#22921 (1279 words)

	NeverMore page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I programmed it in real mode (mainly because I didn't have a 32-bit C compiler), and I used graphics mode 13h.
		For those of you who don't know what mode 13h is, here is a brief description.
		Since there is only one page of video memory (arranged in a linear array) in mode 13h, graphics are a cinch to program.
	www.elitecoder.com /never.html (528 words)

	256-Color VGA Programming in C - VGA Basics
		In mode 0x13, the screen dimensions are 320 pixels in width and 200 pixels in height.
		This is mapped 0 to 319 on the x axis and 0 to 199 on the y axis, with the origin (0,0) at the top-left corner (Figure 1).
		data type (16 bits with a range from 0 to 65,535) because the size of memory needed for mode 0x13 is 64,000 bytes.
	www.brackeen.com /home/vga/basics.html (868 words)

	[ hacked by deviance ] - DemoMaking for beginnerz! (part 2)
		As far as I know, this mode is supported by all available videocards from the last six years.
		Returning in text (3th) mode is done likewise, we only need to replace 13h by 03h.
		In 13h mode color components are limited by 6-bit range [0.63].
	www.cfxweb.net /modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=994 (942 words)

	Atrevida Tutorial 10: Basic Animation Techniques for Mode 13h
		It's sometimes called the linear sprite format (it's linear because Mode 13h is a straight-forward video mode with linear memory organization; other VGA video modes need more complex sprite formats, most notably planar formats).
		The vertical retrace period, as you can imagine, is rather short, as the majority of the time spent in each screen update is used for refreshing the image; the vertical retrace is done at the end of each refresh, in preparation for the next screen refresh.
		The car's speed is now synchronized with the refresh rate of the video mode, and the vertical retrace signals are a very steady timing source.
	atrevida.comprenica.com /atrtut10.html (4219 words)

	Jason Doucette - Computer Graphics - Real Time, Physics Simulations, Special Effects
		All the effects included tweaked VGA modes, hi-color modes, and other video card tricks are 100% software.
		In its standard mode 13h, the screen has a resolution of 320x200.
		Their pixel aspect ratios vary with the modes (320x240 has perfectly square pixels, where as most of the other resolutions do not).
	www.jasondoucette.com /graphics.html (482 words)

	12. Using VGA Mode 13h for Fast Graphics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The screen buffer in mode 13h is always at segment:offset = A000:0000.
		In Mode 13h, the screen is 320 by 200, or 320 pixels across and 200 pixels down.
		In short, the easiest way to write directly to the Mode 13h video buffer is to think of the screen as just a 320 by 200 array of bytes, starting at A000:0000.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/assembly-language/x86/general/part1/section-12.html (321 words)

	Complete HOW TO of Polygons - Games++
		Horizontal line drawing is very simple in chained (packed pixel) video modes such as VGA mode 13h.
		We quicly run into a problem in mode 13h, images drawn off the screen wrap around to the next scanline.
		In my opinion, the advantages of z-buffering disappear when you are in real mode due to the incredible amount of memory required, so switch to protected mode before attempting to implement z-buffering.
	www.gamespp.com /graphicsprogramming/completeHowToOfPolygons.html (3583 words)

	Video Graphics Array (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For example, the Microsoft Windows splash screen appears while the machine is still operating in VGA mode, which is the reason that this screen always appears in reduced resolution and color depth.
		An undocumented but popular technique nicknamed Mode X (first coined by Michael Abrash) was used to make available programming techniques and graphics resolutions not possible in the standard Mode 13h.
		Due to the use of different address mappings for different modes it is possible to have an Monochrome Display Adapter and a color adapter such as the VGA, EGA, or CGA installed in one machine.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=VGA (2490 words)

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