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Topic: Moderate drinking controversy

	moderate - Information from Reference.com
		In politics, a moderate is an individual who holds the middle position between those generally classified as being left-wing, liberal, or socialist and those seen as right-wing, conservative, or capitalist.
		In religion, a moderate is someone who holds an intermediate position between the liberal religious or secularist view and the conservative, orthodox or fundamentalist view.
		Religious moderates tend to take a doctrinal position that is not as strict as the orthodox or conservative religious members, but not as open as the secularist or liberal members.
	www.reference.com /search?q=moderate (485 words)

	Alcohol consumption and health - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Moderate consumption typically means the consumption of 1 to 3 drinks of an alcoholic beverage a day; the number varies with age and gender.
		Drinking alcohol, especially along with smoking, increases the risk of cancers of the mouth, esophagus, pharynx, larynx and liver in men, and of breast cancer in women, according to the National Cancer Institute.
		Moderate alcohol intake and lower risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of effects on lipids and haemostatic factors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moderate_drinking_controversy (884 words)

	alcoholic beverage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Drinks with a higher concentration of alcohol can be produced by distillation of the fermented product.
		Ethanol is a moderately good solvent for many "fatty" substances and essential "oils", and thus facilitates the inclusion of several coloring, flavoring, and aromatic compounds to alcoholic beverages, especially to distilled ones.
		Although distillation seems to have been known by alchemists in Alexandria (such as Mary the Jewess), around the 3rd century AD, the development of the still with cooled collector — necessary for the distillation of spirits — was an invention of Islamic alchemists in the 8th or 9th centuries.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Alcoholic_beverage.html (2781 words)

	Why addiction cannot be moderate
		Audrey Kishline, founder of a group called Moderation Management and one of the earliest and strongest proponents of moderate drinking, recently pledged guilty to vehicular homicide after a binge drinking episode in which she drove the wrong way down a highway and smashed into a car, killing a father and his young daughter.
		The argument supporting moderate drinking is based on the premise that it is possible to accurately and consistently diagnose the degree and severity of alcohol abuse.
		Moderate drinking is then seen as an option for individuals with milder cases of abuse.
	www.odysseyhouseinc.org /News/adaw0700.html (557 words)

	Highlights of the NIAAA position paper on moderate alcohol consumption
		"The effects of 20 to 30 years of moderate drinking begun at age 45 may not be comparable to the effects of 50 to 60 years of moderate drinking begun at age 22," she said.
		The average alcohol consumption of one drink per day appears to be associated with a 10-percent increase in the risk of breast cancer in the overall population; the risk may be higher among women with a family history of breast cancer as well as those on hormone replacement therapy.
		The relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and weight gain, body mass index, and/or obesity remains unclear; however, moderate consumption does appear to be associated with a reduced risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome (which often co-exist with or develop from obesity).
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-06/ace-hot060704.php (1597 words)

	Is moderation a legitimate outcome in alcohol treatment? Many would consider anything short of total abstinance as ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The controlled drinking patients received functional analysis education, problem solving training, drinking moderation skills, aversive counter-conditioning, exposure to videotapes of their own behavior while intoxicated and general education about drinking and effects of alcohol.
		At one year, controlled drinking clients were found to be functioning well for a mean of 71% of all days, as opposed to abstinence group w ho were functioning well on only 35% of days.
		Moderation is not deemed appropriate for in individuals in the throes of significant emotional turmoil.
	www.habitsmart.com /cntrldnk.html (2789 words)

	JHBMC: Drinking & Osteoporosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The importance of the study, say researchers, is that women are drinking more and it is important for health care providers to know what to recommend to maintain optimal bone health.
		Moderate drinking was defined as eight drinks a week.
		While moderate drinking was associated with thinner bones, researchers say there was no clear link between chemical markers in bone turnover and alcohol intake.
	www.jhbmc.jhu.edu /healthcarenews04/04070204.html (239 words)

	Moderate drinking controversy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The controversy over moderate drinking is an ongoing debate about the claimed benefit or harm to human health from moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages.
		Critics of moderate drinking claim that any benefits are far outweighed by the harms and that these benefits can be had by less risky means.
		Research on the effects of moderate drinking is in its early stages.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/moderate_drinking_controversy (243 words)

	AIM
		The study finds that the effects of 20 to 30 years of moderate drinking begun at age 45 may not be comparable to the effects of 50 to 60 years of moderate drinking begun at age 22.
		Drinking patterns are at least as important as total consumption in terms of alcohol’s harms and benefits.
		Secondly, the relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and disease outcome is influenced by numerous individual differences age, sex, genetic susceptibility, lifestyle factors and metabolic rate for example.
	www.aim-digest.com /gateway/pages/guide/articles/NIAAA.htm (1322 words)

	Wikinfo \| Ethanol
		Alcoholic drinks have a large variety of tastes, since various flavor compounds are dissolved during brewing.
		A solution of 70-85% of ethanol is commonly used as a disinfectant; it kills organisms by denaturing their proteins and dissolving their lipids: it is effective against most bacteria and fungi, and many viruses, but is ineffective against bacterial spores.
		However, there is a controversy over whether requiring ethanol in automotive fuel is wise as it has been argued that the beneficial effects of ethanol can be achieved with other cheaper additives made from petroleum feedstocks.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Ethanol (1935 words)

	RISK Newsletter
		A follow-up, prospective study by Sokol et al (1980) challenged Kline’s association between moderate drinking and spontaneous abortion by stating that quantitative drinking data must be interpreted cautiously because of denial and underreporting by those with heavy alcoholic intake.
		Moderate drinking is 3 drinks or less than 1 ounce of absolute alcohol per day.
		A study by Bruce et al (1993) found that moderate and heavy drinking during pregnancy is becoming rare due to prenatal counseling on the effects of alcohol.
	www.fetal-exposure.org /FAS.html (1873 words)

	Ruth Engs (ed.): Chpt.10 Controversies book - Drinking age should be lowered
		Drinking patterns are governed by the common fabric of values, symbols, and meanings shared by a group (Globetti, 1976).
		Because drinking tends to be highly valued among collegians, because it is now illegal for those under 21 to purchase alcohol, Engs and Hanson (1989) hypothesized that reactance motivation (Brehm and Brehm,1981) would be stimulated among such students, leading more of them to drink.
		Problem drinkers appear to begin their drinking at a later age than others, to have their first drinking experience outside the home, to become intoxicated the first time they drink, and to drink as an act of rebellion (open or secret) against parental authority (Plaut, 1967).
	www.indiana.edu /~engs/cbook/chap10.html (3507 words)

	Dr. DeLuca's Addiction, Pain, and Public Health website - doctordeluca.com
		Drinking levels over a 6-month follow-up were significantly predicted by consumption during the programme, by the severity of alcohol problems in the past and by a new measure of self-efficacy level that was administered at post-treatment.
		Although differences in diagnosis, definitions of moderate drinking and length of follow-up make strict comparisons of the studies difficult, the majority of studies seem to indicate that the earlier reports of the frequency of such moderate drinking may be overly optimistic.
		Moderate drinking (less than 40 g alcohol/day before and during pregnancy) has been related to growth retardation, a higher incidence of congenital abnormality, poorer behavioural and neurological scores in the newborn.
	www.doctordeluca.com /Library/References/ContDrink.htm (11181 words)

	Moderate Drinking Reduces Stroke Risk
		"Moderate alcohol consumption may have important health benefits in terms of reducing the risk of ischemic stroke," conclude a team of researchers at Columbia University in New York City.
		The research team found that -- after controlling for other stroke risk factors such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and overweight -- moderate drinking (1 to 2 drinks per day) "was protective against ischemic stroke." In fact, moderate drinkers had a 49% lower risk for stroke than abstainers, the researchers conclude.
		But the authors also note that "heavy drinking (five or more drinks per day) was associated with (a 37%) increased risk of stroke." And they say the consumption of seven or more drinks per day pushed stroke risk to a level more than triple that of abstainers.
	www.personalmd.com /news/a1999010514.shtml (364 words)

	Exploring Psychological Benefits Associated with Moderate Alcohol Use: A Necessary Corrective to Assessments of ...
		Moderate drinkers thus report that alcohol creates general calming sensations, but use of alcohol as a way of coping with major life issues is associated with problem drinking (Cooper et al., 1988; 1995).
		Moderate drinkers had lower depression scores than abstainers and heavy drinkers in the presence of five types of life events (the drinking x life events interaction was significant for two types of events).
		Drinking measures for this cohort at age 23 were used to control for the possibility that heavy/problem drinkers at that age might appear as abstainers a decade later.
	www.peele.net /lib/exploring.html (14188 words)

	Introduction to Moderate Drinking
		Most adults who drink do not harm themselves with alcohol, yet even though negative drinking is a minority of all drinking, it has become a preoccupation among Americans.
		Moderation Management is an effort to harness this common process of self-management and moderation by recognizing that even though most people "mature out" of their drinking problems by themselves, some may want or need additional help in a support group setting.
		Moderation Management (MM) shows us that there is still room in the world for people to tackle problems on their.
	www.peele.net /lib/kishline.html (443 words)

	Strat's Place - Daniel Rogov - Wine and The Expecting Mother
		Although the official message is "don't drink at all during pregnancy", a great deal of recent research and a re-examination of the alcohol-pregnancy issue show that there is no conclusive evidence to demonstrate that moderate drinking during pregnancy can harm the fetus.
		The authors of this study concluded "that alcohol at moderate levels is not a significant cause of malformation in our society and that the position that moderate consumption is dangerous, is completely unjustified".
		Carp states that "an occasional glass of wine or any other drink is fine, no problem at all, and those women who drink a glass of wine once or twice a week with their meals or at kiddush should not feel any guilt or fear at all".
	www.stratsplace.com /rogov/wine_expect_mother.html (1145 words)

	Moderate Drinking Tied To Arterial Disease
		NEW YORK (Reuters) -- Firing another round in a continuing controversy, European researchers report that moderate to heavy drinking increases the risk of atherosclerosis, the build-up of fatty deposits inside arteries that can cause heart attacks or strokes.
		Kiechl and his colleagues asked 826 men and women, aged 40 to 79 years, to report their drinking behavior on a standardized questionnaire.
		Even after the investigators took into account the effects of high blood pressure, smoking and high cholesterol levels, their statistical analysis showed that alcohol consumption was an independently significant risk factor for atherosclerosis.
	www.personalmd.com /news/a1998050708.shtml (261 words)

	spirits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Alcoholic beverages include low-alcohol-content beverages produced by fermentation of sugar- or starch-containing products, and high-alcohol-content beverages produced by distillation of the low-alcohol-content beverages.
		Alcoholic beverages generally cause intoxication and may result in a hangover.
		The latter is partly due to the dehydrating effect, which can be mitigated by drinking plenty of water between and after alcoholic drinks.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Spirits.html (578 words)

	Alcohol and stroke by Elizabeth Holmgren
		While the evidence on moderate intake and the most common form of stroke, ischemic stroke, has been almost entirely favorable, some studies have found an increased risk for the less common hemorrhagic stroke.
		Specifically moderate intake was most protective against cerebral infarction and cortical infarction, and heavy consumption of over 140 g/day increased risk of all types of stroke.
		Although some controversy in this area of study will inevitably remain for some time, it can safely be said that the balance of studies now point to a favorable asso-ciation between moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risk of stroke.
	www.aim-digest.com /gateway/pages/stroke/articles/alcohol.htm (850 words)

	ATTC - Addiction Science Made Easy
		- The average alcohol consumption of one drink per day appears to be associated with a 10-percent increase in the risk of breast cancer in the overall population; the risk may be higher among women with a family history of breast cancer as well as those on hormone replacement therapy.
		- The relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and weight gain, body mass index, and/or obesity remains unclear; however, moderate consumption does appear to be associated with a reduced risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome (which often co-exist with or develop from obesity).
		- Low-to-moderate drinking during pregnancy does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of fetal physical malformations, but may have behavioral or neurocognitive consequences.
	www.nattc.org /asme/details.asp?ID=0407d (1597 words)

	health.iafrica.com \| doc online \| general health A little of what you fancy...
		The controversy over the health benefits of moderate drinking started in 1974 when a study was published which showed that people who drank no alcohol suffered more heart attacks than those who drank moderate amounts of alcohol.
		If moderate drinking does protect you against heart disease you are looking at one to two bottles of beer, one to two glasses of wine and a reasonable tot of spirits per day, depending on your size and gender.
		If you encourage drinking in any way you tend to increase overall consumption, and although non-drinkers may become light drinkers, moderate drinkers may become heavy drinkers, with all the resulting health problems.
	health.iafrica.com /doconline/general/littlefancy.htm (1059 words)

	After the Crash
		Of course, it is as unfair to blame A.A. for the Kishline tragedy as it is to blame M.M. She was apparently experiencing family and financial difficulties that had thrown her life off kilter after seven years of moderate drinking.
		Moderation Management was explicitly presented as a support group for "problem drinkers" who wanted to reduce their drinking to safe levels (quite low ones of, at most, nine drinks weekly for women and 14 for men).
		In the aftermath of the RAND and Sobell controversies, it was only with such drinkers that behavioral psychologists would dare to attempt moderation therapy, since using that approach with drinkers identified as alcoholics would have invited intense professional criticism and raised the possibility of legal liability.
	www.peele.net /lib/after.html (2302 words)

	DAYBREAK - Study Disputes Reports That Teetotalers Are at Greater Risk Than Light Drinkers
		People who abstain from drinking alcohol are not at any greater risk for premature death than those who are light drinkers, according to a new UCSF analysis published in the February issue of the journal, Addiction.
		The UCSF study found that there were important characteristics of drinking groups that were not always considered in previous studies.
		One of the concerns in many of the previous studies is that the measurement of drinking is not carefully delineated, according to Fillmore.
	www.ucsf.edu /daybreak/1998/02/202_tee.htm (560 words)

	Alcoholic beverage - Homedistiller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One drink is equivalent to one shot of 80 proof liquor, one 12 oz beer, or one 4-5 oz glass of wine.
		Nearly 50 percent of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx are associated with heavy drinking.
		Other components of the hangover are thought to come from the various other chemicals in an alcoholic drink, such as the tannins in red wine, and the results of various metabolic processes of alcohol in the body, but few scientific studies have attempted to verify this.
	homedistiller.org /wiki/index.php/Alcoholic_beverage (3596 words)

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