| | Muslim Networks, Muslim Selves in Cyberspace. NMIT Working Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05) |
 | | The discussions that followed texts on-line were dominated by persons tracked early into engineering and science, many of whom often returned to religion after training in other techniques than the traditional text-focused disciplines of tafsir, fiqh, and ijtihad. |
 | | Iranian projects at Qom and other seminary cities put even more extensive texts of religious instruction and interpretation on-line date in the 1990s. |
 | | After the technological adepts, jihadists, and ‘ulema’, a broad middle ground is drawing on the Internet’s widening base in the broader world of professionals that follow engineers and scientists on-line and have interests less in debating about Islam that in fitting Islam to the contours of modern life. |
| nmit.georgetown.edu /papers/jwanderson2.htm (3160 words) |