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Topic: Modern evolutionary synthesis

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Population genetics

Gene flow

Evolution

List of evolutionary biology topics

Evolutionary Creationism

Genetic drift

The Origin of Species

The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection

Ronald Aylmer Fisher

Ronald Fisher

Theodosius Dobzhansky

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Mutation

	ooBdoo
		The modern synthesis describes evolution as a change in the frequency of alleles within a population from one generation to the next.
		Evolutionary biology is a subdiscipline of biology concerned with the origin and descent of species, as well as their changes over time.
		Evolutionary developmental biology (informally, evo-devo) is a field of biology that compares the developmental processes of different animals in an attempt to determine the ancestral relationship between organisms and how developmental processes evolved.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Evolve (9321 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Evolutionary biology
		Evolutionary biology is a sub-field of biology concerned with the origin and descent of species, as well as their change, multiplication, and diversity over time.
		Evolutionary biology is an interdisciplinary field because it includes scientists from a wide range of both field and lab oriented disciplines.
		Evolutionary biology's frameworks of ideas and conceptual tools are now finding application in the study of a range of subjects from computing to nanotechnology.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Evolutionary_biology (656 words)

	Wikipedia: Evolution
		The current dominant theory of evolution is known as the "modern evolutionary synthesis" (or simply "modern synthesis"), referring to the synthesis of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Mendel's theory of the gene.
		According to the modern synthesis, no distinction needs to be drawn between different kinds of evolution because all are caused by the same factors.
		In the 1980s and 1990s there was a renewal of structuralist themes in evolutionary biology by biologists such as Brian Goodwin, that incorporates ideas from cybernetics and systems theory, and that emphasizes the role of self-organized processes as being at least as important as the role of natural selection.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/e/ev/evolution.html (3666 words)

	Population genetics
		Population genetics is the study of the distribution of and change in allele frequencies under the influence of the four evolutionary forces: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and migration.
		Population genetics was a vital ingredient in the modern evolutionary synthesis, its primary founders were Sewall Wright, J.
		In practice, there are two bodies of evolutionary theory that exist in parallel, traditional population genetics operating in the genotype space and the biometric theory used in plant and animal breeding, operating in phenotype space.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/po/population_genetics.html (542 words)

	Informat.io on Evolution
		An example of evolution as theory is the modern synthesis of Darwin and Wallace's theory of natural selection and Mendel's principles of genetics.
		Evolutionary developmental biology is an emergent subfield of evolutionary biology that looks at the genes of related and unrelated organisms.
		The claim that evolution results in moral progress is not part of modern evolutionary theory – that claim is associated with Social Darwinism, which held that the subjugation of the poor, and of minority groups, was favored by evolution.
	www.informat.io /?title=Evolution (7954 words)

	The Modern Synthesis of Genetics and Evolution
		The following is a brief summary of the modern consensus among evolutionary biologists.
		"The major tenets of the evolutionary synthesis, then, were that populations contain genetic variation that arises by random (ie.
		In other words, the Modern Synthesis is a theory about how evolution works at the level of genes, phenotypes, and populations whereas Darwinism was concerned mainly with organisms, speciation and individuals.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/modern-synthesis.html (756 words)

	MrSci.com: All Science, All the Time
		In the modern synthesis, "evolution" is defined as a change in the frequency of alleles within a population from one generation to the next.
		Evolutionary biology is a subfield of biology concerned with the origin and descent of species, as well as their change over time.
		Evolutionary biology is a kind of meta field because it includes scientists from many traditional taxonomically oriented disciplines.
	www.mrsci.com /biology/evolution.html (3633 words)

	Primer Design Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The modern evolutionary synthesis successfully combines the principles of genetics with Darwin's concept of natural selection acting on variation in a population.
		The modern synthesis makes no attempt to incorporate the principles of thermodynamics, nor does it provide insight into the long standing question of whether or not "evolutionary progress" is a legitimate concept.
		We are using evolutionary computer algorithms in the context of thermodynamic and computational theory to study fundamental principles which underlie all evolutionary phenomena.
	orion.math.iastate.edu /danwell/progress.html (122 words)

	Curious Minds - Articles - Biology & Life - Evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the modern synthesis, "evolution" means a change in the frequency of an allele within a gene pool.
		In common parlance the word "evolution" is often used as shorthand for the modern synthesis of evolution, including the theory that all extant species share a common ancestor.
		Currently, the modern synthesis is the most powerful theory explaining variation and speciation, and within the science of biology, it has completely replaced earlier accepted explanations for the origin of species, including creationism and Lamarckism.
	www.curiousminds.co.uk /Evolution (3654 words)

	Author: jjh00@eng.amdahl.com (Joel Hanes) Title: What, if anything, is +quot;Darwinism+quo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Modern biologists have proposed other mechanisms for change -- neutral selection, genetic drift, the "founder effect", etc., and Darwin himself thought that sexual selection could be important.
		This was true before the [modern evolutionary] synthesis, and it continues to be true after the synthesis.
		Most critics who have attempted to refute the evolutionary synthesis have failed to recognize this diversity of views and thus have succeeded in refuting only the reductionist fringe of the Darwinism camp.
	www.skepticfiles.org /origins/darwinis.htm (1268 words)

	Free Synthesis Essays
		Explanatory Synthesis on Gunsmoke - Explanatory Synthesis on "Gunsmoke".
		Synthesis of Tavris, Goodman, and Underwood - Synthesis of Tavris, Goodman, and Underwood.
		Synthesis is the process of producing a chemical compound usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds.
	www.123helpme.com /search.asp?text=Synthesis (1607 words)

	Protists and the Origin of Species
		He projects the genetic leakiness of modern prokaryotes backward to a chaotic pool of replicating genetic elements from which local configurations only gradually acquired control of their horizontal movements and began to develop exclusion mechanisms.
		The genetically leaky prokaryotic cell of modern times still does not have the properties of the eukaryotic cell, nor does the prokaryotic species”; have the features that made the “biological species concept” the foundation of the “Modern Synthesis”.
		This perspective implies that the distinctive tempos and modes of evolution described in the “evolutionary synthesis” came into place only half through the history of life on earth, and are projected only with caution upon earlier eras of life, and on modern prokaryotic microbes.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /nanney/tetrahymena/origin.html (1846 words)

	Evolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Evolutionary developmental biology is an emergent subfield of evolutionary biology which inspects the genes of related and unrelated organisms.
		Though the modern synthesis is almost universally accepted within the scientific community, many people find aspects of it counterintuitive.
		The Modern evolutionary synthesis has replaced earlier explanations for the origin of species, including Lamarckism, and is currently the most powerful theory explaining biology.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Evolution (9562 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		David Depew POROI The University of Iowa Evolutionary biology is a transformation of natural history, a genre which, as practiced by Pliny in antiquity, and by Buffon and Erasmus Darwin in the l8th century, was as much literary as scientific.
		By the l940s, efforts to build a “modern evolutionary synthesis” on the ruins of the old, and to construct a professional discipline that would trickle its results down to the public in a one-way flow from expert to lay audiences, were under way in America.
		Evolutionary biology and its rivals should be taught in contexts much closer to value clarification, such as critical thinking, literary interpretation and argumentative exposition, history, and ethics.
	aarst.jmccw.org /depew.doc (1155 words)

	Introduction
		Simpson's book applied the concepts and conclusions of the new discoveries in genetics to the large body of fossil evidence of life's long history, and claimed that the "microevolution" of the geneticist could indeed be extrapolated to explain adequately the "macroevolution" of the paleontologist.
		That is, the mechanisms of generating and accumulating inherited variation, as described by laboratory geneticists and field naturalists, were sufficient to provide a parsimonious explanation of the adaptations, specializations, and evolutionary trends of the paleontologists, as measured in their fossils over long intervals of geologic time.
		"Synthesis" because the new body of theory came from a variety of fields--genetics, ecology, anatomy, field biology, paleontology, botany as well as zoology, and biogeography-- which were integrated into a unified whole.
	people.ucsc.edu /~laporte/simpson/Introduction.html (671 words)

	What is Darwinism?
		It postulates that species multiply, either by splitting into daughter species or by "budding", that is, by the establishment of geographically isolated founder populations that evolve into new species.
		Modern biologists have proposed other mechanisms for change -- neutral selection, genetic drift, the "founder effect", etc. -- and Darwin himself thought that sexual selection could be important.
		the holistic branch of the [modern evolutionary] synthesis, which continued the traditions of Darwin and the naturalists while accepting the findings of genetics.
	www.wcnet.org /~kralizec/beliefs/darwinism.html (1288 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Evolution
		For example, the "Out of Africa"?title=theory of human origins, which states that modern humans developed in Africa and a small sub-population migrated out (undergoing a population bottleneck), implies that modern populations should show the signatures of this migration pattern.
		In many cases evolution does involve "progression"?title=towards more complexity, since the earliest lifeforms were extremely simple compared to many of the species existing today, and there was nowhere to go but up.
		For example, the eugenic ideas of Francis Galton were developed into arguments that the human gene pool should be improved by selective breeding policies, including incentives for reproduction for those of "good stock"?title=and disincentives, such as compulsory sterilization, "euthanasia", and later, prenatal testing, birth control, and genetic engineering, for those of "bad".
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Evolution (8455 words)

	Books - Ernst Mayr
		His work contributed to the conceptual revolution that led to the modern evolutionary synthesis of Mendelian genetics and Darwinian evolution, and to the development of the biological species concept.
		His theory of peripatric speciation based on his work on birds is considered as the typical mode of speciation, and is the basis of the theory of punctuated equilibrium Apart from biological subjects, his writings include works on the philosophy of science and history of science in general and philosophy of biology in particular.
		In many of his writings, Mayr has rejected reductionism in evolutionary biology, arguing that evolutionary pressures act on the whole organism, not on single genes, and that genes can have different effects depending on the other genes present.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Academia5271/ernst-mayr-books.html (439 words)

	Chapter 21 (23) Student Guide
		In the 1940s, the genetic basis of variation and natural selection was worked out, and the modern synthesis was formulated.
		Most of Darwin's ideas persisted in the modern synthesis, although many evolutionary biologists are challenging some generalizations of the modern synthesis.
		Evolutionary biologists continue to debate how much variation, or even whether variation, is neutral.
	www.niles-hs.k12.il.us /jacnau/chpt23.html (7428 words)

	Popular Science Books
		Gould, 1995 This collection of essays is mostly set in the present day, but many of them deal with evolutionary issues, and particularly with australopithecines, dinosaurs and the problem of extinction.
		Simpson, 1953 This classic volume applies the Modern Synthesis, modern evolutionary theory, to fossil lineages, bridging the gap between population genetics and paleontology.
		Parker, 2003 Parker explains the Cambrian explosion as an evolutionary response to the activity of the first predators with the ability to hunt by sight, trilobites.
	serc.carleton.edu /introgeo/earthhistory/biblio.html (982 words)

	what is evolutionary psychology.htm
		Evolutionary psychology is an approach to psychology that sees human psychological traits as adaptati...
		The modern evolutionary synthesis is a combination of Dar...
		Its evolutionary origins lie with the early fishes, and it has direct connections to one of the oldest se...
	www.wisegeek.com /s/what-is-evolutionary-psychology.htm (1036 words)

	Lewis Thomas Prize Honors Ernst Mayr: Award From The Rockefeller University Recognizes Scientists As Poets
		Evolutionary biologist and author Ernst Mayr, Ph.D., is the recipient of the 1998 Lewis Thomas Prize: Honoring the Scientist as Poet.
		Mayr, the Alexander Agassiz Professor Emeritus of Zoology at Harvard University, is one of the co-founders of the "modern synthesis" in evolutionary biology, which integrates the theories of Darwin and Mendel.
		Rockefeller faculty members have made significant achievements, including the discovery that DNA is the carrier of genetic information and the launching of the scientific field of modern cell biology.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-04/RU-LTPH-090498.php (867 words)

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