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	History of Switzerland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the Thirty Years' War, Switzerland was a relative "oasis of peace and prosperity" (Grimmelshausen) in war-torn Europe, mostly because all major powers in Europe were depending on Swiss mercenaries, and would not let Switzerland fall in the hands of one of their rivals.
		Switzerland was accused of violation of neutrality, and prolongation of the war, because of these transactions, with particular vigour by U.S. Senator Al D'Amato and attorney Edward Fagan.
		Switzerland is not a member state of the EU, but has been (together with Liechtenstein) surrounded by EU territory since the joining of Austria in 1995.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Switzerland (1988 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This article is part of the History of Switzerland series and covers the history on the territory of modern-day Switzerland from the earliest settlements up to the beginning of the Habsburg rule, which in 1291 gave rise to the independence movement in the central cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and...
		Uri is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland.
		Switzerland had always taken a stance of armed neutrality, but Nazi Germany were not amused by this: Hitler called the Swiss the most despicable and wretched people, mortal enemies of the new Germany, and boasted...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Switzerland (7138 words)

	Modern history of Switzerland - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Women were granted the right to vote in the last remaining canton only in 1971, and then by a judicial decision against the will of the resisting canton.
		In 1979, parts of the canton of Berne attained independence while remaining in the Federation, thus forming the new canton of Jura.
		In 2002, following extensive and intensive campaigning by government and media but against considerable nationalistic elements, Switzerland was officially ratified as a member of the United Nations — the only country joining after agreement by a popular vote.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Modern_history_of_Switzerland (209 words)

	Switzerland's History
		Switzerland is a small country situated in the heart of Central Europe and shares a lot of it's history and of it's culture (four national languages spoken in different regions) with it's neighbours Germany, France, Italy and Austria.
		Switzerland was officially accepted as an independent nation by it's neighbours in the 1648 European peace treaty.
		Switzerland is a loose confederacy of 13 cities and small valley communities dominating the rest of the country.
	history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch (731 words)

	History of Switzerland - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Bergier commission estimated that roughly half of the 890 million USD transactions in gold of the German Reichsbank was effectuated with the involvement of Swiss banks.
		Switzerland was accused of violation of neutrality, and prolongation of the war, because of these transactions, with particular vigour by US senator Alfonso D'Amato and attorney Edward Fagan.
		Switzerland had already paid reparations to the Allies in 1952, and the Swiss banks settled for the payment of additional reparations of 1.25 billon USD to a special Holocaust Fund in 1999.
	www.free-definition.com /History-of-Switzerland.html (1775 words)

	History of Switzerland
		Originally inhabited by the Helvetians or Helvetic Celts the territory comprising modern Switzerland was conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic wars and made part of the Roman Empire.
		After the decline of the Roman Empire Switzerland was invaded by Germanic tribes from the north and west.
		Switzerland adopted a federal constitution in 1848 modeled in part on the U.S. Constitution.
	www.magicaljourneys.com /Switzerland/switzerland-interest-history.html (330 words)

	History of Switzerland: from early civilization to Swiss neutrality
		History of Switzerland: from early civilization to Swiss neutrality
		In the first millennium BC, the Celts advanced into Switzerland from the west, bringing with them a new culture and new sophistication, as exemplified in the fortified Celtic township discovered at La Tène, near Neuchatel, and others near Basel, Bern and Zurich.
		Decentralization, consultation and cooperation are still key Swiss attributes, as they were in 1291 at the start of the country's history, when a group of mountain farmers decided to band together to defy their foreign occupiers.
	www.switzerland-4you.com /news/2004/05_swiss-history.htm (578 words)

	The History of Switzerland: A Chronological Survey of Key Dates and Events
		Although the aristocrats recover their privileges, Switzerland nonetheless continues full speed ahead on the road to liberal economic development despite the hurdles imposed by the cantonal borders and disparities in customs tariffs, weights and measures, and currencies.
		Switzerland emerges unscathed from the Second World War during which its attitude was characterized by a blend of tactical accommodation and demonstrative insistence on the country’s readiness to defend itself.
		Switzerland experiences an unparalleled era of economic growth thanks, in particular to a durable social contract between capital and labor.
	www.parlament.ch /e/homepage/sv-services-dummy/sv-ch-schweiz-kurze/sv-ch-geschichte.htm (1463 words)

	Swiss Genealogy on the Internet : Swiss history
		3) Switzerland and its Cantons in 1995 (cf.
		Switzerland was spared from the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) and from the development and wars of absolutist monarchies in Europe.
		Switzerland's attitude in W.W.II was a blend of tactical accommodation and demonstrative insistence on the country's readiness to defend itself.
	www.eye.ch /swissgen/history.html (4071 words)

	Early history of Switzerland - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This article is part of the History of Switzerland series and covers the history on the territory of modern-day Switzerland from the earliest settlements up to the beginning of the Habsburg rule, which in 1291 gave rise to the independence movement in the central cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden.
		Under the Carolingian kings, the feudal system proliferated, and monasteries and bishopries were important bases for maintaining the rule.
		Also in the 12th century, the dukes of Zähringen were given authority over part of the Burgundy territories, covering the western part of modern Switzerland.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Early_history_of_Switzerland (1265 words)

	Mueller Science - Specialities: Switzerland
		Switzerland enjoys a diverse and carefully designed political structure in which self-government, civil rights, and international involvement combine in a distinctive merger of respect for the past and a pioneering spirit.
		Early reports of travelling through Switzerland are around 1550 from the Germans Johannes Stumpf and Kaspar Brusch and the French Joachim du Bellay; later from the French philosopher Michel de Montaigne (1580/81) and the English Dandy Thomas Coryate (1611).
		Attracted by Switzerland too were the zoologist Carl Vogt, Richard Wagner, the composer Heinrich Götz, the philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Rudolf Eucken, the fathers of Frank Wedekind and Paul Klee, the mechanic Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel as well as the composer Lily Reiff-Sertorius and the poetesses Lou Andreas-Salomé and Ricarda Huch.
	www.muellerscience.com /ENGLISH/Switzerland.htm (12206 words)

	History of Switzerland: Old Swiss Confederacy 1291 - 1515
		Museum of the federal charters in Schwyz, the Oath on Rutli is a legend (anyway well composed, because of the secret nature of the beginning of the history of the old Swiss confederacy).
		The troops of central Switzerland were partly engaged as mercenary troops and partly stakeholders (regarding their own territorial ambitions in southern Switzerland).
		This book by the well known Swiss historian gives a broad description of the history of the Switzerland from the age of the romans to the the birth of the old Swiss confederacy and situates the legend of William Tell in the historic context.
	history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch /old-swiss-confederacy-1291.html (1663 words)

	Switzerland Hotels and Accommodation
		Switzerland is a natural theme park showcasing three of Europe's most distinct cultures.
		The culture of Switzerland is influenced by its neighbours, but over the years a distinctive culture with strong regional differences has developed.
		Originally inhabited by the Helvetians or Helvetic Celts, the territory comprising modern Switzerland was conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic wars and made part of the Roman Empire until the 4th century AD.
	www.magicaljourneys.com /Switzerland/switzerland-interest.html (231 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume VIII: Modern Christianity. The Swiss Reformation. (all)
		Switzerland is the cradle of the Reformed churches.
		The Calvinistic Reformation in French Switzerland from 1531 to the death of Calvin, 1564.
		It represents the fight of Theseus with the Minotaur and the wild beasts in the labyrinth of the world,—the one-eyed lion (Spain), the crowned eagle (the emperor), the winged lion (Venice), the cock (France), the ox (Switzerland), the bear (Savoy).
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc8.all.html (9705 words)

	Department of History \| Degrees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Dynasty and Diplomacy in the Court of Savoy (2002), is a specialist in early modern international relations and dynastic politics, particularly during the period of the Thirty Years' War.
		The Strange Survival of German Liberalism (2000), is a specialist in German history in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
		This should normally be in a course in which history has been the principal component, although we would be pleased to consider other qualifications in special circumstances.
	www.dur.ac.uk /History/modernhistory.html (1903 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Clarence Rook: How Switzerland Defends Herself, 1908
		Switzerland, however, had made it her endeavor to safeguard her security at the smallest possible expenditure of money and time.
		Every householder in Switzerland is informed of the number of men and horses he is expected to receive, and when the annual maneuvers are held in his district, he makes preparation accordingly.
		The Swiss army is absolutely democratic, national; and of all the armies in the world it is surely not only the most efficient of the second rank, but it is the cheapest, in the cost it entails in money or in drain upon national life.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1908swissdef.html (2088 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume VIII: Modern Christianity. The Swiss Reformation. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Zurich, the most flourishing city in German Switzerland, beautifully situated in an amphitheatre of fertile hills, on the lake of the same name and the banks of the Limmat, dates its existence from the middle of the ninth century when King Louis the German founded there the abbey of Frauemünster (853).
		It was the centre of the international relations of Switzerland, and the residence of the embassadors (sic) of foreign powers which rivalled with each other in securing the support of Swiss soldiers.
		He is the Tetzel of Switzerland, and equalled him in the audacious profanation of holy things by turning the forgiveness of sins and the release from purgatorial punishment into merchandise.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc8.htm (12077 words)

	History of Switzerland: Information about Swiss history : Celts and other pre-Roman inhabitants of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The best known lakeside village is the Celtic settlement at La Tène on Lake Neuchâtel, which has given its name to the culture of the later Iron Age, beginning around 450 BC.
		The Helvetians, who are remembered in the Latin name for Switzerland, Helvetia, were a Celtic tribe first mentioned at the end of the 2nd century BC.
		The eastern part of modern-day Switzerland was inhabited by the Rhetians, who may have been related to the Etruscans.
	www.swissworld.org /eng/swissworld.html?siteSect=802&sid=4096415&rubricId=16020 (305 words)

	Stamps and postal history of Switzerland - about Stamps and postal history of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		History of the region, member directory, events, information for visitors.
		History, facts and remarks, and information on the runways, services and facilities can be found.
		'''History''' is often used as a generic term for information about the past, such as in "geologic history of the Earth".
	www.linkelse.com /Stamps_and_postal_history_of_Switzerland-32.htm (631 words)

	Resources in Modern History and Politics of the Middle East (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The rise of modern Egypt : a century and a half of Egyptian history 1798-1957 / by George Annesley.
		An annotated bibliography on the modern history of the Near East / by Richard P. Mitchell ; with the assistance of David Schoenbach.
		Rivlin, Helen Anne B. The Dar al-Watha'iq in `Abdin Palace at Cairo as a source for the study of the modernization of Egypt in the nineteenth century.
	www.lib.umich.edu /area/Near.East/modhist.htm (4286 words)

	Anthroposophy and Conspiracy in Modern History (1)
		Anthroposophy is thus that which claims to be able to understand and illuminate the entire process of human history and development on Earth both on this visible side and on the other invisible side of the thresholds of birth and death.
		It points to the fact that history is made up of the deeds of spiritual beings, both human and suprahuman, and the karma or destiny which is created as a result of these deeds.
		Throughout the Middle Ages and on into the early modern period, as late as the early 19th century, there were such men who guarded the ancient secrets of initiation wisdom and sought ways of inseminating such wisdom clandestinely into humanity.
	www.monju.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /NWO6.htm (3127 words)

	Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Main Page
		The great diversity of available sources for use in modern history classes requires that selections be made with great care - since virtually unlimited material is available.
		To present a diversity of source material in modern European, American, and Latin American history, as well as a significant amount of materal pertinent to world cultures and global studies.
		Although the history of social and cultural elite groups remains important to historians, the lives of non-elite women, people of color, lesbians and gays are also well represented here.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/modsbook.html (951 words)

	History of Switzerland - about History of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		History, description, usage guidelines, and references to related laws.
		Geography, history, government, economy and transportation facts from the CIA.
		History of the station, schedule, local programming, special programs this month.
	www.linkelse.com /History_of_Switzerland-30.htm (569 words)

	SWITZERLAND by BIRMINGHAM, DAVID (PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY, RUTHERFORD C, BIRMINGHAM, DAVID (PROFESSOR OF MODERN ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		SWITZERLAND by BIRMINGHAM, DAVID (PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY, RUTHERFORD C, BIRMINGHAM, DAVID (PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY, RUTHERFORD COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF KENT)
		This history of one Alpine village illustrates a 1000 year struggle for survival, from medieval times until the post-World-War-II period.
		It depicts the daily life of a peasant community whilst reflecting the broader cultural and political changes of an evolving nation.
	www.studentbookworld.com /BookDetail/0333800141.html (133 words)

	Modern Switzerland from the Restoration to the Future (History of Switzerland, 3): 紀伊國屋書店BookWeb
		Modern Switzerland from the Restoration to the Future (History of Switzerland, 3): 紀伊國屋書店BookWeb
		Modern Switzerland from the Restoration to the Future (History of Switzerland, 3)
		The book goes on to look at the present situation with respect to Switzerland's relationship with the European Community and the United Nations in a global world, and there is a presentation of future prospects regarding these matters.
	bookweb.kinokuniya.co.jp /guest/cgi-bin/booksea.cgi?ISBN=0773472509 (166 words)

	Switzerland -- Primary documents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Sources for the History of the Medieval [Germanic] Empire -- Early, High and Late Middle Ages.
		Documentary excerpts from Switzerland between the two world wars.
		A collection of excerpts from various epochs of history.
	library.byu.edu /~rdh/eurodocs/switzerl.html (737 words)

	History of Switzerland: Information about Swiss history : The First World War and Swiss Neutrality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		History of Switzerland: Information about Swiss history : The First World War and Swiss Neutrality
		Troops from all over Switzerland participated in the construction of the Belchen military road in the canton of Basel-Country to defend the north-western border.
		Switzerland remained neutral during the First World War (1914-18).
	www.swissworld.org /eng/swissworld.html?siteSect=809&sid=4103321&rubricId=16090 (222 words)

	Academic Info: Modern European History - Switzerland
		A growing collection of titles most at 40 to 80% off list prices.
		Abacho Europe: Germany ; Austria ; Switzerland ; UK ; France ; Spain ; Italy ; Turkey.
		It includes the most important topics and objects of Swiss history from prehistory up to the present...This trilingual electronic publication contains the complete list of entries of the dictionary as well as all the articles that have been edited so far."
	www.academicinfo.net /histswiss.html (349 words)

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