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Topic: Modern linguists

	Category:Linguists - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Linguists category is a listing of individuals working in or associated with the field of Linguistics.
		Most linguists are listed in subcategories of the Linguists by nationality category by their country of birth and/or the location of their linguistics work.
		Some linguists are also listed by field: see Historical linguists, Sociolinguists, Syntacticians, and Morphologists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Linguists (126 words)

	Chapter 5
		To a very great extent, linguists still study written sentences (often out of contexts) and written texts, and to the extent that spoken language is actually studied it is done with a conceptual apparatus which is more or less totally derived from the experience of written language analysis.
		Linguistic variation is typical of linguistic communities, and this in turn is connected with the fact that all natural languages change over time.
		When linguists were involved more or less directly and exclusively with teaching people a correct language or with developing new written standards of so far insufficiently standardized national languages etc., their discipline was of course rather explicitly normative; it simply prescribed rules to be followed in the use of language.
	eserver.org /langs/linell/chapter05.html (7794 words)

	The Evolution of an Idea - TCC 200R -- University of Virginia
		Enamored with the power of his native English, and afraid of the significant consequences of ignoring linguistic determinism, he was biased to conclude that the impact was controlling.
		Ultimately, both linguists wanted to use thier field not solely for linguistic inquiry, but also for other pursuits, such as the popularization of science or the understanding of poetry.
		In attempting to apply linguistics to non-linguistic concerns, they were biased toward overbroad, incorrect conclusions, such as linguistic determinism.
	www.people.virginia.edu /~ccg2f/belief.htm (703 words)

	THE NATURAL ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: ARBITRARY OR INNATE
		Most linguists who have readily, often with very little examination, come to accept the principle that language is arbitrary, because it must be so given the divergences between languages, have not been at all precise about where arbitrariness stops and order in language begins.
		Of course, a powerful school of linguists (the dominant school in the 19th century) evaded the problem of language origin simply by declaring that it was not worth discussing and not relevant for the science of linguistics(25).
		Linguistic output would be defined by the universal properties of language and the period of progressive rule extraction would correspond to Lenneberg's proposed 'critical period'.
	www.percepp.demon.co.uk /nol1.htm (10774 words)

	Linguistic and Sociological Analyses of Modern Tongues-Speaking
		Modern tongues, of course, might be “supernatural” in some broader sense, without being on the same exalted level as the miraculous works of Jesus’ earthly life.
		In almost all instances, linguists are confident that the samples of T-speech represent no known natural language and in fact no language that was ever spoken or ever will be spoken by human beings as their native tongue.
		However, modern linguists do not usually think that these instances are “miraculous.” In a number of cases, it appears that T-speech consisted of fragments or sentences from a language that the speaker had heard some time in his past, and had since forgotten.
	www.frame-poythress.org /poythress_articles/1980Linguistic.htm (7609 words)

	Linguistics 001 -- Perspectives and Approaches
		As we'll see, linguistics can certainly be used prescriptively, and often is. However, modern linguists insist that value judgments about language should be recognized as such, and should be examined in the light of the facts.
		Linguists have been involved for several millenia in the codification and preservation of languages, and we have learned a few lessons in the process.
		One thing that gets linguists particularly cheesed off is bad scholarship on the part of some language mavens, who pretend, without checking, that a principle they just thought up is hallowed by centuries of the best writers' usage, or is a necessary consequence of the fundamental laws of logic.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Fall_2000/ling001/prescription.html (3703 words)

	In Search of the Adamic Language
		As English has become not only the language of the modern prophets and the Restoration but the dominant language of government, business and culture in our modern era, some of the benefits and risks of having a common language are already coming to pass.
		Most modern linguists believe in a common ancient "mother tongue." The differences among them is whether or not they believe that it can be proved scientifically from the language data that we currently have access to.
		It is true that linguists generally do not believe in the story of Babel or of a common language that came from God.
	www.meridianmagazine.com /sci_rel/010808adamic.html (2816 words)

	East Asian Studies 210 Notes: The Ket
		Their extinct relatives included the Kotts, Assans, Arins, Baikots, and Pumpokols, all of whom lived further upriver (that is, further to the south) than the modern Ket before being assimilated to the Russians or their Native Siberian neighbors during the 17-19th centuries.
		The Yeniseian peoples are thought to be descendents of some of the earliest inhabitants of Central Southern Siberia, while all of their neighbors seem to be relative newcomers.
		The modern Ket are thought to have migrated to their present location on the middle Yenisei from some point closer to the Altai and Sayan mountains during the past 2000 years (where they were probably neighbors to the proto-Samoyeds.
	pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ea210/ket.htm (1531 words)

	Literate English
		Modern linguists ferret out finer distinctions, and if we could include all the local variants that never got written down, the variants might be multitudinous.
		The above sample from a petition is written in a small and neat chancery hand as, although it is inward correspondence to the Chancery, it would have been written by the Chancery clerks.
		The Chancery had developed its own standards in relation to form of documents, language, linguistic form and spelling which produced a partially standardised written language that was something of an amalgam of the regional dialects.
	medievalwriting.50megs.com /whyread/english5.htm (1090 words)

	[No title]
		Modern physics $-$ in the sense Prigogine and Stengers use it $-$ is not quantum theory or relativity theory, but the statistical physics of \it{complex systems}, of irreversibility "\sl{making possible spontaneous organising processes}" (5).
		The development of modern statistical physics has put at our disposal means strong enough to describe complex systems, such as economic or biological phenomena.
		On the other hand, I mean by modern linguistics the \it{generative linguistics} of \it{Noam Chomsky} and his (closer or not so close) followers.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~birot/publications/biro_icps.txt (1635 words)

	Society of Biblical Literature
		Fresh breezes are blowing from modern language instruction into the biblical language classroom, and they are bringing new life to my teaching and the teaching of others.
		This is not surprising given that the educational method traditionally used in biblical language classes has been shown by applied linguists to be ineffective and to assume an outdated and inadequate theory of language.
		Many modern linguists would not consider grammar central to a language; they use broader definitions of language that include semantics and pragmatics.
	www.sbl-site.org /Article.aspx?ArticleId=423 (1423 words)

	Re: Aktionsart vs. Aspect
		The older grammars use the term 'Aktionsart' in a way which is not synonymous with its use in modern linguistics.
		In modern linguistics, those linguists who use the term at all [It is interesting that the term did not even appear in David Crystal's _Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics_, Blackwell, 1991.], tend not to ever use it to represent (1).
		I am suggesting that the term 'Aktionsart' is used differently by the traditional grammarians and modern linguists.
	www.ibiblio.org /bgreek/archives/97-05/msg00097.html (654 words)

	Origin and Remnants of the Dialects in England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		We should modify it as "The modern English dialects are the result several millennia of linguistic and cultural development." It is impractical to mix convergence and divergence, or centripetal and centrifugal forces.
		Linguists could reconstruct that language with high probability, selecting the words from both English and Scottish that are still present in dialects of both, but missing in the "real" Scottish and "real" English language.
		It is understandable why linguists try to avoid similar studies: Without a consensus on a proper selection, a haphazard collection of linguistic phenomena and empirically influenced modern innovations in the grammar would not reflect truly the arrangement of the dialects of any age.
	www.shakespeare.uk.net /journal/2_2/simon.html (5930 words)

	Selwyn College Cambridge - Modern and Medieval Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is usual, though not compulsory, for Cambridge modern linguists to continue the study of both languages, and their related cultures, in all three parts of the Tripos.
		Students typically switch into the Linguistics Tripos at the end of their first or second year, having done some linguistics in Part I of the Modern Languages Tripos, but backgrounds in subjects as diverse as Music and Mathematics are welcomed.
		The Selwyn Fellows in Modern Languages are concerned both to foster a spirit of intellectual enquiry and to encourage the highest academic standards.
	www.sel.cam.ac.uk /prospectus2005/home/index.php?p=50 (1994 words)

	Chinese language - Gurupedia
		Cantonese, and Min (which linguists further divide into of 5 to 7 subdivisions on its own, which are all mutually unintelligible).
		Old Chinese, sometimes known as 'Archaic Chinese', was the language common during the early and middle Zhou Dynasty (11th to 7th centuries B.C.), texts of which include inscriptions on bronze artifacts, the poetry of the Shijing, the history of the Shujing, and portions of the Yijing (I Ching).
		However, all reconstruction is tentative; scholars have shown, for example, that trying to reconstruct modern Cantonese from the rhymes of modern Cantopop would give a very inaccurate picture of the language.
	www.gurupedia.com /c/ch/chinese_language.htm (3294 words)

	Yates & Kenkel -- We're Prescriptivists: Isn't Everyone? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As linguists, educated in a tradition which prides itself in being empirical and scientific, we find it easy to look down on prescriptive rules and the unaccountable importance which the lay public attaches to them.
		Although linguists have rightly criticized the linguistic descriptions on which these norms are based, we suggest (kindly) that the then present urgency of the standardization project blinded these early prescriptivists to the incoherence of their formulations.
		The paradox of Betty and the countless others like her, is that, in a linguistically stressful situation, she sought refuge in the very prescriptivist ideology that rendered her linguistically insecure.
	www.ateg.org /conferences/c10/yates.htm (6135 words)

	Welcome to Linguist's Software
		Linguist's Software, the world's leading source of foreign language fonts since 1984, making available TrueType fonts and Type 1 fonts for over 1900 languages for Windows and Macintosh computers.
		Linguist's Software has been approved to sell the magnificent Bibliorum Sacrorum Graecorum Codex Vaticanus B color facsimile.
		With the Modern Greek Converter you can convert each of your old Microsoft Word files containing Modern Greek and/or Modern Greek II text to the new Unicode-encoded fonts in the LaserGreek in Unicode product with a single mouse-click.
	www.linguistsoftware.com (4191 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Linguists have historically classified these ten language branches according to whether their word for "hundred" is more similar to either "centum" or "satem." ("Centum" is Latin for "hundred"; "satem" is Avestan (Indo-Iranian) for "hundred.")
		Linguistic historians speculate that the I-E tribe original lived in North Central Europe (perhaps Lithuania), and as they migrated eastward and westward, their language developed in distinctly different ways.
		For modern linguists, the major importance of Tocharian is to remind us how arbitrary and artificial the whole Centum/Satem division may be.
	www.cord.edu /faculty/sprunger/e315/IEFAM.htm (219 words)

	[No title]
		The idea that one's language has a profound effect on our perception of the world has long fascinated students of linguistics, and indeed anyone with an interest in language.
		For example, in some of their early work Lakoff and Johnson pointed out that a large number of expressions people use to talk about warfare are also used to discuss verbal argumentation (where one can "attack," "retreat," pursue "strategies," and so on).
		For example, one way that metaphoric thought might affect language would be by playing a role in the historical evolution of what words and expressions mean.
	cogsci.ucsd.edu /~coulson/figreview.htm (2198 words)

	Wikinfo \| Grammar
		However, it is accepted by a majority of modern linguists that no person whose brain functions are not severely impaired speaks "ungrammatically" in any well-defined, objective sense.
		Planned languages are more common in the modern day, whether they have been designed to aid human communication (Esperanto), created as part of a work of Fiction, (Klingon language and Elvish language).
		Such grammars are not normally considered to have any real linguistic justification beyond their authors' aesthetic tastes.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Grammar (719 words)

	Language in Ancient India
		Though modern linguistics as developed and practiced in the west since the early nineteenth century is inextricably linked both to the `discovery' of Sanskrit by Europeans in the late 18th century.
		Perhaps the most salient feature of ancient Indian linguistic culture was the concern for the preservation of sacred texts and the purity of the language in which they were composed.
		This concern arose out of the willingness of the society not only to commit the resources (time, human resources, energy, material resources) for this transmission, but also to the development of a technique that would guarantee the purity and constancy of the texts.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/540/handouts/indiapol/node5.html (1529 words)

	An Apology for this translation of Isaiah
		The King James translators had as much difficulty in these areas as do modern linguists, since, in Hebrew, the time, (past or future) is more dependent on the context than on the supposed tense of the verb, wrongly called Perfect, Imperfect and Future.
		Other modern translators may take the same construction in a different context and make it a past or future depending on their doctrinal point of view.
		The point here is that in spite of the KJV being outdated and the language hard for a modern reader, basic understanding of the broader context and of the meanings and ideas in the scriptures is decidedly weighted toward the KJV translators over the modern.
	www.ao.net /~fmoeller/translat.htm (980 words)

	Norman N. Holland, The Trouble(s) with Lacan
		The most notorious instance where he converts a linguistic entity to a psychological one is, of course, signifier and signified.
		The major place where Lacan converts a linguistic entity to a psychological one is, of course, with signifier and signified.
		Whatever its linguistic credibility (and that is very limited in 1990), this idea of signifying entails a radically behaviorist, stimulus-response psychology of language.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/nnh/lacan.htm (6601 words)

	[No title]
		While linguists study structures of various kinds, language teachers study literature, and, if they're lucky, pedagogy (very few graduate schools offer any theoretical orientation to teaching to literature students, which is where most college language teachers come from).
		Subject: Tolkienian linguistics I know that the subject of Tolkienian linguistics is not exactly at the forefront of modern linguisitic research, but I also know that many modern linguists were inspired, in whole or in part, by the life and linguistic creations of J.R.R. Tolkien, whose Centenary is being celebrated this year.
		The Department of Phonetics and Linguistics is the oldest linguistic department in the U.K. It was the home of the "London School" which received worldwide attention under the intellectual leadership of Prof JR Firth.
	www.umich.edu /~archive/linguistics/linguist.list/volume.3/no.401-450 (14414 words)

	Jewish, Jewish, Everywhere, & not a drop to drink
		This linguistic classification is not in any way controversial, and has no bearing on the ethnic classification of the Jews.
		Linguists agree that all languages are derived from one ancient "unkown" "core language".
		If he is not aware of standard linguistic findings established for over a century which are based on innumerable studies of Phoenician, Canaanite, and Paleo-Hebrew inscriptions then he should not meddle with articles that present such research.
	simshalom.blogspot.com /2004_07_01_simshalom_archive.html (15473 words)

	Members News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Then you discover that, in percentage terms, the Modern Linguists have had lower rates of unemployment than the majority of other subjects.
		Like the Modern Linguists, many of them are going for the 30-40% of graduate jobs which are looking for generic rather than subject specific knowledge and abilities.
		So they must be taking on the linguists mainly because their generic skills are better.
	www.ucml.org.uk /members/c7.htm (1226 words)

	The Possibilities for Interdepartmental Cooperation: The Experience of Two Departments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This venture is beneficial to both departments: it allows modern languages to continue its foreign exchange with Mexico and creates an otherwise unattainable program for English; modern language students have an opportunity to improve their Spanish in a native-speaking community, while TESOL students gain practice teaching in an intensive program.
		Modern languages faculty have had some of their work accepted for publication in the literary magazine North American Review, which is edited and administered by an English department faculty member.
		Both departments now have cooperative programs with the School of Business; modern languages has joint programs with history and political science and is developing still another with the School of Music; English cooperates closely with communication, theater arts, and communicative disorders and is now sponsoring a campuswide project on writing across the curriculum.
	www.mla.org /adfl/bulletin/V15N3/153028.htm (1885 words)

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