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Topic: Modern pseudepigrapha

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	Pseudepigraphy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pseudepigrapha (Greek pseudos = "false", "epi" = "after, later" and grapha = "writing (or 'writings')", latterly or falsely attributed, or down right forged works, describes texts whose claimed authorship is unfounded in actuality.
		In Biblical studies, pseudepigrapha refers particularly to works which purport to be written by individuals mentioned in either the Old and New Testaments or by persons involved in Jewish or Christian religious study or history.
		Examples of New Testament pseudepigrapha (but here also likely to be called New Testament Apocrypha) are the Gospel of Peter, the attribution of the Epistle to the Laodiceans to Paul, and Acts of Thomas, which few would claim was actually written by Thomas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pseudepigrapha (730 words)

	The Apocypha and Pseudepigrapha
		The Pseudepigrapha resemble the Apocrypha in general character, yet were not included in the Bible, Apocrypha, or rabbinic literature.
		The contribution of the study of the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha to the understanding of the New Testament should not be underrated.
		The general answer is that the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha should be studied because they embody an expression of the human spirit, and the historian is enjoined to study the human past.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/apocrypha.html (2934 words)

	PSEUDONYMITY AS RHETORIC:
		Modern students of Paul seem to be unanimous in their acceptance of 1 Thessalonians, Philippians, and Philemon as letters unquestionably written by Paul, although the interpretations of these letters do vary widely among scholars.
		Modern scholars have relied on a variety of old and new criteria for determining the authenticity of an ancient work, including the presence or lack of witness about a work from the apostolic church and what was said about inspiration in the work itself.
		An excellent example of Hellenistic Jewish pseudepigrapha using a clearly Greek literary genre is the collection of Sibylline Oracles, dating from the second century BCE to the seventh century CE, in which the Sibyls are portrayed as uttering Jewish prophecies (sometimes with clearly Christian interpolations) in epic Greek hexameters.
	rhetjournal.net /Hughes.html (4747 words)

	Pseudepigrapha. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Apocalypses are well represented in the Pseudepigrapha; those of the early Judaic period may date from the 3d cent.
		The Pseudepigrapha have been transmitted in Western, Eastern, Ethiopian, and Egyptian Coptic churches and are often extant only in the languages of those churches, i.e., Latin, Greek, Syriac, Georgian, Armenian, Coptic, and Ethiopic, though originally composed in Hebrew or Aramaic.
		A large proportion of the Pseudepigrapha can be explained by reference to early Judaism’s persistent readiness to interpret and expand biblical traditions, reapplying them to new situations and problems.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ps/Pseudepi.html (624 words)

	Ancient Arabia
		From Heroöpolis [modern Abu-Keyschid, near modern Suez City], situated in that recess of the Arabian Gulf which is on the side of the Nile, to Babylon, towards Petra of the Nabataei, are 5600 stadia.
		They sell the gold to their neighbors at a cheap rate, exchanging it for three times the quantity of brass, and double the quantity of iron, through ignorance of the mode of working the gold, and the scarcity of the commodities received in exchange, which are more necessary for the purposes of life.
		He thence came to a city Athrula [modern Abha?], and took it without resistance; having placed a garrison there, and collected provisions for the march, consisting of grain and dates he proceeded to a city Marsiaba, belonging to the nation of the Rhammanitae, who were subjects of Ilasarus [in modern Yemen, east of modern San'a].
	www.earth-history.com /Arabia (6069 words)

	Pseudepigraphy - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Pseudepigrapha (from the Greek words pseudos = false and epigrapho = write) describes texts whose claimed authorship is unfounded in actuality.
		The authenticity or value of the work itself, which is a separate question for experienced readers, often becomes sentimentally entangled in association.
		There is a tendency not to use the word pseudepigrapha when describing works later than about 300 when referring to Biblical matters.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Pseudepigraphy (672 words)

	Many Voices, One God: The Jewish-Christian Dialogue
		In the modern period, the fascination with Jesus on the part of Jewish thinkers is remarkable.
		The result is a modern tradition in which Jewish identity is read through Christian symbols and in some cases is rendered dependent upon them.
		But there are also distinctions that have to be made, and Christians should demand of Jews the respect for Christianity that it deserves, and the distinction that's required.
	www.tcpc.org /resources/articles/many_voices_heschel.htm (5576 words)

	[No title]
		Although some medieval and modern Tibetan histories written by cloistered Buddhist monks portray the ancient pre-Buddhist religion of Tibet called Bon as a nefarious mixture of sorcery, fl magic, shamanism, and bloody sacrifices, this appears to be just so much anti-Bonpo propaganda providing a melodramatic effect.
		Modern scholars may question the historicity of this figure and Tonpa Shenrab is indeed given a rather fabulous date by the Bonpo tradition, asserting that he flourished some eighteen thousand years ago.
		Modern critics cite the fact that, with the exception of two short Dzogchen texts, the Rig-pa'i khu-byug and the sBas-pa'i sgum-chung, the texts of the Dzogchen Tantras have not been found in the Tun Huang library on the borders of Western China, which was sealed in the tenth century.
	www.angelfire.com /vt/vajranatha/bondzog.html (10307 words)

	Meroe, Kush and Axum
		Next to this is another city, Arsinoë [modern Jamsah?], and next to this, springs of hot water, which are salt and bitter; they are precipitated from a high rock and discharge themselves into the sea.
		Near Meroë is the confluence of the Astaboras [modern Atbara], the Astapus [the White Nile], and of the Astasobas [Blue Nile].
		Next is the mountain Elephas [modern Fellis or Fel], a mountain projecting into the sea, and a creek; then follows the large harbor of Psygmus [modern Qandala], a watering-place called that of Cynocephali [modern Alula], and the last promontory of this coast, Notuceras (or Southern Horn) [modern Cape Guardafui].
	www.earth-history.com /Egypt/nubia.htm (7969 words)

	Modern pseudepigrapha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Modern pseudepigrapha or modern apocrypha are terms sometimes used to refer to any book written in the style of the books of the Bible, and claiming to be of similar age (pseudepigrapha), but written in a much later (modern) period.
		The following is a list of works commonly alleged to be modern pseudipigarpa.
		Edgar J. Goodspeed, Famous Biblical Hoaxes or, Modern Apocrypha.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modern_pseudepigrapha (116 words)

	Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		These two terms are often found together in modern scholarly writings, although they had quite different meanings in ancient times.
		Not only has modern revelation resulted in the restoration of ancient prophetic records and opened the canon in modern times, but the recovery of many ancient texts shows how open and diverse the canon was in earlier times.
		Joseph Smith was well in advance of modern perceptions concerning the Apocrypha when he was given the revelation warning the Saints to seek spiritual guidance when reading such works, alerting them to truths to be obtained therein.
	www.lightplanet.com /mormons/basic/doctrines/scripture/apoc_pse_eom.htm (1111 words)

	[No title]
		Modern approaches to the study of the Bible are, for better or worse, children of the Enlightenment.
		Regardless of the justification of pseudonymity, the sheer volume of early Christian pseudepigrapha forced church fathers to concern themselves with the authenticity of Christian writings.
		Modern scholars have relied on a variety of old and new criteria for determining the authenticity of an ancient work, including the presence or lack of witness about a work from the apostolic church
	www.ibiblio.org /corpus-paul/afr/rhetoric.htm (7176 words)

	Bernstein: Categories and Functions
		The term "pseudepigrapha," however, has been employed in two different ways in recent scholarship and a very important distinction must be made for the purpose of this paper.
		Originally, pseudepigrapha was used to describe texts falsely ascribed to an author (usually of great antiquity) in order to enhance their authority and validity.
		Pseudepigraphy of this type may not seem as dissonant to the modern reader as the prophetic/apocalyptic's post eventum pronouncement of truths to buttress arguments about the future or the assertion that the correct legal interpretations of the Mosaic Pentateuch were written by Moses in Jubilees.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /symposiums/2nd/papers/bernstein97.html (9841 words)

	Biblio Report - 68 records (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Analysis of the impact of pluralism and inclusivism upon ecclesiology in an attempt to overcome the tendency of modern ecclesiology to describe the church in idealistic terms and undermining the distinctiveness of the church and its way of life.
		How modern scientific knowledge does not undermine belief in God, but points to God's existence as the best explanation of how things the way they are, and that the overwhelming appearance of design in nature is not deceptive, and exposing weaknesses in the counter-arguments from cosmology, biology and sociobiology.
		Consideration of the debates associated with multiculturalism, including arguments for and against it in the context of modern states in different political and historical circumstances, focussing on issues such as minority rights, education, religious tolerance and the trend to global homogenization.
	pages.britishlibrary.net /scoclibrary/maylist.htm (2917 words)

	Reed, "Apocrypha, 'Outside Books,' and Pseudepigrapha," PSCO 2002
		Not only are our English terms "apocrypha" and "pseudepigrapha" directly derived from their Greek equivalents, but they still carry the connotations of their history of usage in Christian discussions about text selection and scriptural authority.
		It is all too tempting to retroject late antique and early modern concerns into the Second Temple period and to transpose the dichotomy between biblical and extrabiblical literature into the key of socio-historical reconstruction.
		Either way, the base assumptions remain the same, namely, that the modern categories of the "Bible," "Apocrypha," and "Pseudepigrapha" are in some sense meaningful for our understanding of the ancient authors of these texts and their relative status, even in pre-Rabbinic Judaism and early Christianity.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /psco/year40/areed1.html (3690 words)

	[No title]
		Although you do not have to be a geographical determinist to believe geography is a determining factor, for the purpose of this essay pretend that you are.
		You should not only include the names of some of the prophets and an explanation of their role (biblical and modern), but form some judgment on the uniqueness of the phenomenon.
		In your explanations, tell what modern or ancient groups accept (accepted) which as the "divine word of God" or as writing somehow superior to all other written documents and why they accepted them as the "divine word of God" or as writing somehow superior to all other written documents.
	crab.rutgers.edu /~verbrugg/essay302.html (1022 words)

	Pseudonymity
		If writings had no author ownership as such and were in effect common property, then use of another’s name need not be understood as an attempt to deceive by claiming the named person’s authority for the writing.
		The strength of this argument is that there is a difference between modern copyright mentality and the lack of inhibition among ancient writers in the way they freely incorporated material written by others within their own works.
		The anachronistic dates in the beginning of Judith have been seen as a signal to its readers that the document is a pretense; but other examples are hard to come by.
	www.christian-thinktank.com /pseudox.html (3753 words)

	The Book of Enoch & the Pseudepigrapha
		The Pseudepigrapha is a collection of various works written approximately between 200 BCE and 100 CE that were left out of the Old Testament.
		Some of these books were included in Greek manuscripts of the bible, and those extra books became known as the Apocrypha and are still included in Catholic bibles.
		This is because the stories often deviate from the mainstream beliefs of the various prominent Jewish sects of the time.
	www.deliriumsrealm.com /delirium/articles/articleview.asp?ID=36 (460 words)

	Forgotten Books Intro
		Now it is a foolish modern prejudice against an ancient piece of literature that its author veiled his person in this fashion.
		It is not too much to say that no modern can intelligently understand the New Testament, unless he is acquainted with the so-called "Apocrypha," and with the "Pseudepigrapha" as well.
		The figure of the Messiah which Jesus adapted to his creative purpose, cannot be imagined by a modern without a perusal of the book of Enoch which is its classic and most entrancing glorification.
	www.earth-history.com /Pseudepigrapha/FB-Eden/fbe-intro.htm (649 words)

	GnosticBooks.Com Apocrypha:Apocryphal Scriptures, Old Testament, Pseudepigrapha
		The Nag Hammadi Library was discovered in 1945 buried in a large stone jar in the desert outside the modern Egyptian city of Nag Hammadi.
		First published in 1978, The Nag Hammadi Library launched modern Gnostic studies and exposed a movement whose teachings are in many ways as relevant today as they were sixteen centuries ago.
		An afterword by Richard Smith discusses the modern relevance of Gnosticism and its influence on such writers as Voltaire, Blake, Melville, Yeats, Kerouac, and Philip K. Dick.
	www.gnosticbooks.com /bible/bibles_apocrypha.htm (1094 words)

	C:\Documents and Settings\Bill\Desktop\biblica.html
		Modern Research as Illustrating the Bible: The Schweich Lectures, 1908..
		From Ancient Israel to Modern Judaism: Intellect in Quest of Understanding: Essays in Honor of Marvin Fox..
		Modern Poetry and the Christian Tradition: A Study in the Relation of Christianity to Culture.
	www.bbsmith.com /home/biblica.html (6549 words)

	Introductory Thoughts
		The term Pseudepigrapha is a modern coinage, not an ancient usage, so it is exceedingly important to be clear what we mean by it.
		THE OLD TESTAMENT PSEUDEPIGRAPHA ARE: the literary remains of the anonymous/pseudonymous revelatory stream of tradition that originated in response to (or sometimes alongside of) the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament accepted in the major Jewish and Christian canons.
		I will be dealing with the question of genre in much more detail as we cover individual texts, but for now just a sentence or two on the major genres found in the texts covered this semester, with the relevant texts noted in parentheses.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /~www_sd/intro2.html (971 words)

	Hellenistic Astrology [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		He seems to encourage critics to allow astrologers to start their predictions with knowledge of these factors rather than do what is called a 'cold reading' in modern astrology.
		The criticism he counters is that of Skeptics such as Sextus Empiricus, who elaborated on earlier arguments from the New Academy, and who argue that an astrologer does not know if they are making predictions for a human or a pack-ass (Adversus mathematicos, 5.94).
		Modern opponents of astrology typically utilize precession — pointing out the fact that zodiac 'signs' no longer match with the star constellations.) Other astrologers, including those shortly following Ptolemy, were either not aware of Hipparchus' observation or did not find it important to make this adjustment.
	www.iep.utm.edu /a/astr-hel.htm (19004 words)

	Biblical canon
		Furthermore, there are many books similar in style to the books of the Bible and dating from the same period, which are accepted by neither Protestants nor Catholics.
		Catholics call these books Apocrypha, while Protestants call them "Pseudepigrapha", reserving the term Apocrypha for the Catholic Deuterocanon.
		These books include 3 and 4 Maccabees (though many Orthodox include these), and 1 and 2 Esdras ("Esdras" is the Greek form of "Ezra"; many Orthodox include at least one of these).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/biblical_canon (2723 words)

	Canon
		While the Pseudepigrapha is not and has not been accepted as Scripture, some of the Apocryphal works are considered canonical by the Roman Catholic church and certain Eastern Orthodox churches.
		They never alluded to or referred to the Apocrypha or Pseudepigrapha with the authoritative formula, "it is written." That does not mean these works contain no truth.
		However, as Paul and Jude demonstrated, the Pseudepigrapha and Apocrypha are not without value to the student of the Bible.
	www.eburgcofc.org /canon.html (2892 words)

	The pseudepigrapha and modern research (Septuagint and cognate studies) : Entertaining Comments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The pseudepigrapha and modern research (Septuagint and cognate studies) : Entertaining Comments
		Book / The pseudepigrapha and modern research (Septuagint and cognate studies)
		The pseudepigrapha and modern research (Septuagint and cognate studies)
	queerpopculture.com /entertainment/asinsearch_0891300759 (50 words)

	World History :: Encyclopedia Index -- Mo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Modern equipment and uniform of the British Army
		Modern Pentathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Men's
		Modern Pentathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Women's
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/Mo.htm (134 words)

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