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Topic: Modernization theory

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	SOCIAL CHANGE, Russ Long's Lecture Notes
		Modernization theory, according to Shannon (1989:2), views the world society as a "relatively stable system of interrelated parts." Modernization theory views social change as an evolutionary type process that gradually adapted to a changing environment (Ragin and Chirot, 1984:299).
		Modernization theory views development as an internal process in each society (generally perceived of as nation-states.) They often view each case as independent of the others.
		Dependency theories represent a critique of modernization theory's assumptions that poor countries are poor because of their lack of economic, social, and cultural development.
	www.delmar.edu /socsci/rlong/intro/change.htm (3704 words)

	Modernization Summary
		Insofar as modernization in the broader sense connotes an undermining of traditional values and is presented as a program with its own normative character, it is also of ethical significance, and has been assessed in both positive and negative terms.
		Modernization is a somewhat more neutral term for a concept known in the nineteenth century as the "civilizing" process, and during the first half of the twentieth century as "Westernization." The term gained widespread currency in the 1950s, but began attracting substantial criticism during the 1960s.
		Modernization has also been said to be based on the premise that science and technology can solve all human problems, rendering unnecessary any specific consideration of ethical implications of their introduction.
	www.bookrags.com /Modernization (1364 words)

	New Page 2
		A modernized Mexico would educate mothers to be more than child-bearers; it would teach them about contraceptives and more importantly instill in them the desire to have a job, a career, to have success.
		A modernized Mexico would begin sociologically, at the roots of population growth, pushing aside the harsh tactics of China and embracing the widespread education and equality that has made North America what it is today.
		Modernization theory calls for a nation to have a modern economy with a strong working class, citizens with the desire to succeed and a nation that has modern systems from the judicial process to the education system.
	www.indiana.edu /~s100jk/exam2_00.htm (4458 words)

	University of Pittsburgh
		Modernization is a europeanization or americanization process; in the modernization literature, there is an attitude of complacency toward Western Europe and the United States.
		Modernization theory, on the other hand, was popular in the 1950s, but was under heavy attack at the end of the 60s.
		One of the main current critiques of the theory of dependency and the theory of modernization is that they both continue to base their assumptions and results on the nation-state.
	sincronia.cucsh.udg.mx /reyes4.htm (4876 words)

	[No title]
		All the following are criticisms of Modernization Theory except: a) it doesn't explain how many countries developed <--correct answer b) it hasn't happened yet in a lot of countries c) it is a defense of the status quo d) it looks at countries as being isolated 5.
		In Merton's theory of discrimination and prejudice, the timid bigot: a.
		Modernization is technological development, natural progression in a country's history, two stages are move to techonological maturity and high mass consumption while the other two stages are ___________ and ____________.
	www.nd.edu /~dmyers/courses/old/102au00/study.txt (9554 words)

	[No title]
		Modernization theory stands or falls by Rostow’s ‘stages of growth’ model and his belief that cultural values were responsible for holding countries back.
		Dependency theory has an interesting lineage, originating as it did in Latin America and Africa, locations at the wrong end of modernization theory as it were.
		An interesting aside is that it is dependency theory that is often assumed to be Marxist because of its emphasis on exploitation within a pattern of world capitalism, yet Rostow’s stages of growth model and the notion of ‘take-off’ has more than an echo of Marx’s material conception of history.
	www.polity.co.uk /giddens5/students/guides/AG11.doc (505 words)

	MODERNIZATION THEORY
		From Modernization to Globalization is a reference for scholars, students and development practitioners on the issues of processes of social change and development in the 'Third World'.
		The 1950s saw the modernization school, the 1960s experienced the dependency school, the 1970s developed the new world-system school, and the 1980s is a convergence of all three schools.
		The book avoids unfair caricature of theories and research, and provides a solid basis for further study and research on issues of development." --Robert Fiala, University of New Mexico "The author has succeeded in objectively delineating each theoretical perspective so that the reader is not encumbered with attempting to separate academic theory from political ideology.
	sociologyindex.com /modernization_theory.htm (1444 words)

	Modernization theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Modernization theory is a socio-economic theory, sometimes known as (or as being encompassed within) development theory, which highlights the positive role played by the developed world in modernizing and facilitating sustainable development in underdeveloped nations, often contrasted with dependency theory.
		Several branches of the theory exist today, and it is generally viewed as a model whereby the Third and Second Worlds are seen to benefit (with aid and guidance from the First World) economically, politically, culturally, and demographically through the acculturation of the modern policies and values of the Western world.
		Theory of modernization has been subject to some criticism similar to that levied on classical social evolutionism, especially for being too ethnocentric, one-sided and focused on the Western world and culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modernization_theory (985 words)

	Modernization Theory and the Ironman Triathlon
		Conceptually, modern sport is essentially a highly organized and developed multidimensional kind of physical behavior; multidimensional for its social conscience in that it attempts to counteract the injustice of modern society.
		Modernization is a rigidly defined by a set of ideals that are concerned with the elements of a way of life that is starting to lose some of its prevalence at the turn of the millennium.
		And this stream of thought, of using the microcosm of sport as a means of advancing general cultural theory in the macrocosm, is after all the true significance of a discussion of modernization theory in the first place.
	www.angelfire.com /ultra/endurance/kines.html (7506 words)

	The Political Economy of Power
		Modernization through privatization has in recent years been hailed as an automatic cure-all for problems of efficiency within firms and economies, often to the extreme of privatizing without first properly regulating the industry or ignoring other structural issues that vitally affect the new industry.
		The argument for modernization and improvement of efficiency is one that was used in the rhetoric of state officials in Mexico and Argentina long before de la Madrid truly began to implement his privatization policy in 1985 with the sale of several smaller state firms.
		However, an interpretation of the modernization imperative argument that would expect an emphasis on the infrastructure areas most in need of investment does not follow the privatization pattern; Teléfonos de México was in fact one of the strongest infrastructure industries prior to its 1990 sale.
	home.earthlink.net /~claymwest/writing/chap6.html (2577 words)

	Quodlibet Online Journal: On Possible Implications of a Global Model of Development: Current Trends in Sociological ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is the intent of this paper to: (a) show that as research (and modernity) continue, the need for a global development theory becomes more apparent; and (b) show one author's historical model of development and its claims regarding the future global influence upon Western modernity.
		Although this theory eventually became a neo-Marxist tool of political commentary and social activism, its major contribution to the field was its emphasis on the need for a development theory broad enough to encompass all the phenomena of modernization, from internal institutions to external diffusion.
		Whereas Dependency Theory focused primarily on the diffusion of capital, and Modernization Theory generally views modernization as the diffusion of Western concepts, the Global Systems diffusion includes intercultural exchange of such things as labor, management techniques, attitudes, social norms, youth culture, as well as those elements mentioned by other development theories.
	www.quodlibet.net /spengler.shtml (4035 words)

	[No title]
		While modernization theory appears on the surface to explain China’s development, the reality of China’s growth is that it involved a much greater role for the state than this model anticipates.
		Modernization Theory Modernization theory, developed in the wake of World War II (So 17), argues that governments should and will open their borders to foreign investment and take minimal roles in the economy.
		Explaining Inland Development: Dependency Theory Dependency theory suggests that lesser developed regions are forced by powerful external forces to open their borders to unrestricted investment, which leads them into a dependent relationship with more powerful or developed areas (Mittelman and Pasha 43-44).
	home.gwu.edu /~johnd/papers/ped.doc (5125 words)

	GLOBAL INEQUALITY, Russ Long's Lecture Notes
		Modernization theory argues that traditional cultural values and social institutions impede economic growth in developing countries (Appelbaum and Chambliss, 1997:172).
		Modernization theory contends that the wealthy countries can play an integral role in facilitating the development of the poor.
		Further, modernization theory ignores the roles that powerful state governments play in helping with wealth-creation as they support, regulate, and direct economic growth.
	www.delmar.edu /socsci/rlong/intro/global.htm (3141 words)

	JWSR - Volume II - Book Review
		The presentation of modernization theory is good - succinct and to the point: they call it blaming the victim.
		For example, they say modernization theory has some good ideas but do not state which ones (later it turns out that the ones they think relevant are the importance of local corruption and incompetence in the determination of GNP growth).
		Their critique of world-system theory is somewhat more to the point than their critique of modernization theory, but it is not complete nor in all instances appropriate.
	jwsr.ucr.edu /archive/vol2/v2_r3.php (1118 words)

	Róbinson Rojas: Modernization theory and the laws of social change.- The Róbinson Rojas Archive.- RRojas Databank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		MODERN SOCIETIES: social relationships are NEUTRAL -impersonal, detached and indirect, which make possible efficient market relationships, etc. Functionalism, or its related theories of structural-functionalism and systems theory, has been one of the most influential of all social science theories, not only in political science and sociology, but in anthropolgy.
		For Rostow, the processes of change were simpler (actually Rostow theory is one of the most simplistic, mediocre and unscientific body of thought ever produced by the third rate political economy of development coming from Western Europe and the United States in the last 50 years.
		c) modernization theory helps to legitimate as progressive and necessary the United States' ruling class "foreign aid policy", "trade policy", and "international relations policy", and the U.S. expansionism (imperialism) since the XIX century, especially in Latin America and the Pacific, as a "modernizing" drive helpful to the whole human species.
	www.rrojasdatabank.org /capital8.htm (1562 words)

	Critical Theory of the Family - Chapter Three
		If the theory of the life cycle is slanted toward synthesis and unity and if it leads primarily to a comprehension of values, it also is inadequate because it reintroduces individualism.
		The primary weakness of Erikson's theory is his failure to develop his concept of child-rearing patterns in relation to a concept of family structure.
		Parsons conceives the modern family by picking out certain features of it which he then claims to be the essence of all families.[27] This theoretical sleight of hand is the essence of ideological thinking.
	www.humanities.uci.edu /mposter/CTF/chapter3.html (5400 words)

	MODERNISATION THEORY AND THE LAWS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, SOCIAL CHANGE, DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME AND POLITICAL POWER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In these theories certain aspects of social life are regarded as basic and, therefore, central components of the social structure.
		The first, called resource mobilization theory, takes as its starting point a critique of those theories that explain social movements as arising from conditions of social disorganization and strain and as finding their recruits among the isolated and alienated in society.
		These interaction theories have been labeled contagion and convergence theories, respectively--the former stressing the contagious spread of mood and behaviour; the latter stressing the convergence of a large number of people with similar predispositions.
	www.irvl.net /lect3.html (3935 words)

	Christopher T. Fisher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It argues that modernization theory fused the domestic and foreign realms in the 1960s creating a new interpretation of the cold war.
		Modernization theory universalized the western process of development, and projected it onto the rest of the world.
		The dissertation contends that the modernization paradigm changes throughout the decade as it confronted legislative resistance, racial turmoil, weakening appropriations, and agency failures.
	history.rutgers.edu /graduate/ab02fish.htm (343 words)

	WDA: Devt. C
		These include the following paradigms and theories, which are discussed below: modernization theory, dependency theory, marginalization or marginality theory, sector theory or dualism, basic needs approach, structural adjustment, grassroots development, models of articulation, internationalization of capital, anti-modernization, adjustment with a human face, world systems perspective, and sustainable development.
		Dependency or underdevelopment theory is an approach including theories responding to modernization theory and inspired to varying degrees by Marxist thought.
		It arose largely as a response to modernization theory and holds that the conditions of underdevelopment are the result of the nature of the world capitalist system in which certain countries dominate others to serve their own interests.
	www.msu.edu /user/osborndo/a2-dev-c.htm (1611 words)

	Ecological Modernisation Around the World - Introduction
		Ecological Modernisation Theory was first developed in the early 1980s primarily in a small group of western European countries, notably Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK).
		Since the mid-1990s, the frontier of Ecological Modernisation Theory has broadened theoretically and geographically to include studies on the ecological transformation of consumption; ecological modernisation in non-European countries (newly industrialising countries, less developed countries, the transitional economies in Central and Eastern Europe, but also OECD countries such as the USA and Canada); and global processes.
		Ecological Modernisation Theory’s accommodation with concerns about global and local inequality illustrate this dynamic, as are efforts to ‘stretch’ it to address or explain dynamics in the vastly different political contexts of transitional societies, both in Europe and Asia.
	www.tricity.wsu.edu /sonn/ecomod_intro.htm (4040 words)

	Neo-Modernization
		Radical theory, which redefined the modern as the capitalist and the bad, gained ground in the mid 60's, and tended to invert the previous binary code.
		This is hardly a base on which to ground any generalizing theories of the end of the nation-state or of the emergence of a post-modern society.
		In 1982, Anthony Giddens asserted that modernization theory was based upon false premises, that it was an ideological defense for the domination of Western capital over the rest of the world.[30] For all the differences of circumstances, of which Alexander makes much, I believe that Gidden's explanation is not inappropriate to modernization's neo-modern successor.
	www.leftcurve.org /LC21WebPages/neomodern.html (3615 words)

	Globalization Citation #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Modernization theory or “developmentalism” views the world as a collection of autonomous nations who operate independently of each other who have the ability to create policies that benefit their developmental objectives.
		Dependency theory was created as a way of explaining why modernization had not happened everywhere in the world.
		This theory also views the world as having one single world economy, but where it differs is in that it is shifting and changing.
	www.msu.edu /user/romignan/Globalizationcitation1.html (410 words)

	IHDP-IT Research Proposal
		In doing so, this program takes ecological modernization theory as a rather loose theoretical framework for investigating the relevant relations between industry and state, between industries and various representative organizations from ‘civil society’ and the relations within the (industrial) economy, both from a national and global perspective.
		In so doing, ecological modernization theory profits from and tries to ‘integrate’ distinct bodies of academic knowledge, including theories on industrial ecology and industrial metabolism; theories on socio-technological change; perspectives on changing state regulation styles and strategies regarding the environment; new social movement theories; and contributions from institutional economics.
		Our central argument is that ecological modernization theory forms a useful starting point to understand and contribute to environmental reform processes in such countries, be it that an ecological modernization theory for transitional and newly industrializing countries will differ on major points from the original, West-European centrist one.
	www.tricity.wsu.edu /sonn/ihdp-it.htm (3257 words)

	THEORIES OF AGING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Although modernization has reshaped the meaning of old age, image and reality have never entirely coincided.
		Because the status of older adults declines when society becomes more modern and efficient, it is natural for older adults to disengage.
		The theory evolved during the 1950's and reflects social conditions quite different from those today.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/ardelt/Aging/Theories.htm (392 words)

	The New York Review of Books: FAMILY THEORY
		Lasch's critique is only peripherally concerned with data or theory, which are invoked only in so far as they serve in a struggle to determine which words people will employ in the interpretation of their world.
		Lasch did so because theory serves for him the extra-theoretical purpose of closure; theory provides a closed ideological system in which the constant failure of people, especially the young, to live up to his ideals and expectations can be integrated and explained.
		Unilinear theories of history, such as "modernization," always attempt to dismiss ideas and events that fail to conform to an expected norm of development as historically backward.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/8887 (1711 words)

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