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Topic: Modes of limited transposition

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Integral serialism

Olivier Messiaen

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Heterophony

	Modes of limited transposition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The modes of limited transposition are musical modes, which were first compiled by the French composer Olivier Messiaen.
		Based on the chromatic scale of twelve notes, these modes are made up of several symmetrical groups, the last note of each group being the first note of the next.
		The second mode, also called octatonic scale, is divided into four groups of three notes each.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modes_of_limited_transposition (300 words)

	Appendix 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Mode 1 is equivalent to 6-notes chord-mode class #51 (scale of tones), mode 2 is related to 8-notes chord-mode #43 (octatonic scale), mode 3 is related to 9-notes chord-mode #19, mode 4 to 8-notes chord-mode #8, mode 5 to 6-notes chord-mode #78, mode 6 to 8-notes chord-mode #30 and mode 7 to 10-notes chord-mode #3.
		Messiaen named these scales as modes of limited transposition because if they are successively transposed by semitones there is always a moment where the same scale (the same notes) is found –obviously, before getting to the transported octave–.
		For example, if the transposition of scales of mode 2 (8-43) is made by minor third the result is always the same notes or mode 1 (6-51) by major 2nds.
	www.lamadeguido.com /appendix3.htm (389 words)

	Olivier Messiaen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is partly due to the symmetries of his technique — for instance the modes of limited transposition do not admit the conventional cadences found in western classical music.
		Messiaen used modes which he referred to as his modes of limited transposition, which are distinguished as groups of notes which can only be transposed by a semitone a limited number of times.
		Messiaen, in addition to making harmonic use of the modes of limited transposition, also cited the harmonic series as a physical phenomenon which provides chords with a context which he felt to be missing in purely serial music.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Messiaen (6058 words)

	mode of limited transposition - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about mode of limited transposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		These modes may be transposed only a limited number of times, after which the original notes reappear.
		The modes are fundamental to Messiaen's harmonic language.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /mode+of+limited+transposition (90 words)

	Olivier Messiaen: Annotated Bibliography
		His technical structures are the modes of limited transpositionk non-retrogradable rhythms, and symmetrical permutations.
		A fairly-good explanation of the Modes of Limited Transposition is given in the early chapter dealing with the conservatory.
		Dealing with modes, rhythm, magic and other elements, the opening essay which deals with Messiaen's musical language is extremely clear and informative; definitions are given and examples are used which show how the composer used compositional elements in his early works.
	theory.music.indiana.edu /isaacso/t556/bibliographies/messiaen.html (5621 words)

	Piezoelectricity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The orientation of polarization in a piezoelectric is limited by the symmetry, whereas the polarization direction in an electret is not.
		The principle of operation of a piezoelectric sensor is that a physical dimension, transformed into a force, acts on two opposing faces of the sensing element.
		Driven by dual orthogonal vibration modes with a phase shift of 90°, the contact point between two surfaces vibrates in an elliptical path, producing a frictional force between the surfaces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Piezoelectricity (2632 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Messiaen's musical style is a typically a mix of extended, but essentially tonal, harmony with often complex rhythms and structures.
		He frequently used what he termed modes of limited transposition, which he formulated in conjunction with a mathematician friend, and are not related to the "conventional" modess.
		He occasionally used the serial technique, but is better known for extremely heady harmonies (arising from his use of modes), which are sometimes accompanied in the sheet music by indications of the colours Messiaen is trying to evoke.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/o/ol/olivier_messiaen.html (429 words)

	MusicTeachers.co.uk Online Journal - Features - Messiaen
		The theory of these transpositions is demonstrated below, which shows that when the second mode is transposed for a fourth time, it returns to the same notes as those of the first transposition (enharmonically speaking), highlighting that only three transpositions are possible.
		Mode 3 is transposable four times and contains different groupings from those in Mode 2; three symmetrical groups of four notes each have the interval of a tone followed by two semitones.
		Modes 5, 6, and 7 work in the same way; these four modes form a similar group, but, due to their limitations, they were favoured less.
	www.musicteachers.co.uk /journal/index.php?issue=2000-10&file=messiaen&page=2 (839 words)

	Modes of limited transposition - meaning of word
		The modes of limited transposition are musical modes discovered by the French composer Olivier Messiaen.
		Based on our chromatic system of twelve notes, these modes are made up of several symmetrical groups, the last note of each group being the first note of the next.
		After a certain number of chromatic transpositions (''ie'' up or down a semitone) each mode cannot be transposed further - the next transposition resulting in exactly the same notes as the first.
	www.wordsonline.org /Modes_of_limited_transposition (342 words)

	HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, ... - Online Information article about HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, ...
		Now, the modern minor mode is too firmly rooted in its minor tonic chord for the 16th-century feeling of an oblique harmonic scheme to be of more than secondary importance, though that feeling survives, as the discussion of key-relationships will show us.
		Thus in the minor mode modulation to the dominant key is, though frequent and necessary, a much more uphill process than in the major mode, because the naturally major dominant chord has first to be contradicted.
		Artificial Key-relationships.—Early in the history of the minor mode it was discovered that the lower tetrachord could be very effectively and naturally altered so as to resemble the upper (thus producing the scale C Db Etf F, G Ab B# C).
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HAN_HEG/HARMONY_Gr_dpovia_a_concord_of_.html (8803 words)

	Percussion Clinic Adelaide - Articles - THE TENSION/RELAXATION PRINCIPAL IN 20TH CENTURY HARMONY
		The purpose of his modes is to divide the octave into scales of one or two equal intervals, so that unlike traditional Major/minor scales, they can centre around more than one tonality.
		The beauty of the "Modes of Limited Transposition," is that they work in both horizontal and vertical aspects of a composition.
		They are vertically limited however, in that they still assume the entire range of possible tonality to be encompassed within a single octave.
	users.senet.com.au /~jimmc/main/art_harmon.htm (3509 words)

	Tradition, the Avant-Garde, and Individuality in the Music of Messiaen
		The modes' symmetry means that the vertical pattern of intervals is the same ascending and descending.
		The simplest of these modes of limited transposition is the whole-tone scale, which not only has the smallest number of transpositions, but also has the greatest symmetry of all of these modes.
		(See Example 1, The Modes of Limited Transposition) Although Messiaen announces that he has given all the possible symmetrical modes that divide the octave in half (except for subsets of the scales he has given), there are many other modes that are symmetrical but do not repeat their pattern at the octave transposition.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/3624/messiaen.htm (4646 words)

	Untitled Document
		This is because I was aware of Messiaen's modes of limited transposition (his second mode has exactly the same step's progression1) before I got to know the existence of Lucy's tunings.
		Of course there seems to be a limitation: since notes are missing some other types of modes or certain transpositions of this one are impossible to obtain.
		This is why by transposing this kind of mode we generally end up with the same notes again, found at a new degree position in that relative transposition.
	freespace.virgin.net /fabrice.mogini/Pages/part3.html (1230 words)

	Dolmetsch Online - Music Theory Online - Notes, Harmonies & Scales
		Modes are pitch-insensitive; in other words, although our examples have been based on the white notes on a piano, modes can start from any note.
		For example, the mode on the second degree of the minor harmonic scale, the Dorian b2 b5, is similar to the Dorian mode in the major scale that carries the same root, where the second (2b) and the fifth degrees (5b) are lowered by a semitone (half-step).
		Modes can start on any note of the major scale starting on any key-note so long as the sequence of intervals between the succeeding notes preserves that which is the source of each mode's 'colour'.
	www.dolmetsch.com /musictheory25.htm (7725 words)

	Olivier Messiaen at Basic Music - Online Music Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Music written using the modes avoids conventional diatonic harmonic progressions, since for example Messiaen's Mode 2 (identical to the octatonic scale used also by other composers) permits precisely the dominant seventh chords whose tonic the mode does not contain[38].
		Messiaen, in addition to making harmonic use of the modes of limited transposition, also cited the harmonic series as a physical phenomenon which provides chords with a context which he felt to be missing in purely serial music[39].
		Messiaen expressed annoyance[41] that his work Mode de valeurs et d'intensités, seen by some as the first work of total serialism, was given such importance in his output.
	www.basicmusic.net /musicians.php?aid=4676 (4542 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Tradition and Living Magisterium
		In the first sense it is an old tradition that Jesus Christ was born on 25 December, in the second sense tradition relates that on the road to Calvary a pious woman wiped the face of Jesus.
		In short, since the Church at last proves to be the best safeguard for human reason against the excesses of an unbridled reason, so by the very avowal of sincere Protestants does she show herself at the present day the best defender of the Bible against an unrestrained Biblicism or an unchecked criticism.
		But the exercise of this authority is by so much more certain and easy as the faithful, generally, so to speak, confirm by their adhesion the decisions of this authority: a dogmatic definition scarcely does more than sanction the faith already existing in the Christian community.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15006b.htm (6445 words)

	Olivier Messiaen - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Messiaen's music is rhythmically complex (he was interested in rhythms from ancient Greek and from Hindu sources), and is harmonically and melodically based on modes of limited transposition.
		Messiaen experienced a mild form of synaesthesia manifested as a perception of colours when he heard certain harmonies, particularly harmonies built from his modes, and he used combinations of these colours in his compositions.
		The results of these experiments were pieces such as Modes de valeurs et d'intensités for piano which have been described as the first works of total serialism.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/o/l/i/Olivier_Messiaen_135e.html (5310 words)

	MusicTeachers.co.uk Online Journal - Features - Messiaen
		Modes of limited transposition and Non-retrogradable rhythms are built on symmetrical patterns.
		According to Messiaen: 'The modes of limited transposition realise in the vertical direction (transposition) what non-retrogradable rhythms realise in the horizontal direction (retrogradation)' (1944, 62).
		Asymmetric augmentation is the harmonic (and vertical) equivalent of the rhythmic (and horizontal) Personnages rythmiques, to which can be added the relationship between polyrhythms (the superposition of rhythms) and polymodality (the superposition of modes).
	www.musicteachers.co.uk /journal/index.php?issue=2000-10&file=messiaen&page=4 (838 words)

	Microtonality, Tunings and Modes
		Modes are discussed in a later section of this chapter.
		A mode in Common Music is a scale that defines a transposable subset of a tuning.
		To demonstrate the use of modes we define a process that harmonizes random chords on Messiaen's Modes of Limited Transposition.
	www-camil.music.uiuc.edu /faculty/taube/nm/14/scales.html (5348 words)

	Ceres3 Help
		This is useful to limit the amount of data for export, and may also be used as a pre-processing step to improve the quality of some transforms.
		These transpositions can be entered into th respective text field in numbers (starting degree), as well as actual names of the scales: major, minor, and old church modes (ionian, dorian, phrygian, lydian, mixolydian, aeolian, locrian - never mind the synonimes - the program will recognize them).
		It is an asymetrical scale with four lower notes as in Second mode of limited transposition and the three upper notes from First mode of limited.
	www.music.columbia.edu /~stanko/Ceres3_help.html (6848 words)

	Olivier Messiaen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		He frequently usedwhat he termed modes of limited transposition, which he formulated in conjunction with a mathematician friend, and arenot related to the "conventional" modes.
		He occasionallyused the serial technique, but is better known for extremely headyharmonies (arising from his use of modes), which are sometimes accompanied in the sheet music by indications of the colours Messiaen is trying toevoke.
		Many of Messiaen's works are concerned with the Roman Catholic faith(for example Vingts Regards sur l'enfant Jésus), but he also drew inspiration from Hinduism, and his TurangalîlaSymphony takes its name from two Sanskrit words with manifold meanings,including "time", "play" and "love song".
	www.therfcc.org /olivier-messiaen-33749.html (427 words)

	Olivier Messiaen - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		After many years teaching analysis of 12-tone scores, such as works by Arnold Schoenberg, he experimented with ways in which 12-tone techniques could be used to serialize elements other than pitch (including duration, articulation, and dynamics).
		The results of these innovations were pieces such as Modes de valeurs et d'intensités for piano which have been described as the first works of total serialism.
		The birdsong played by the pianist's left hand (notated on the lower staff) is louder than the accompanying harmonies in the right hand (upper staff).
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Olivier_Messiaen (6048 words)

	octatonic scale - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about octatonic scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		His pupil, Igor Stravinsky, also used the scale, as have a number of other 20th-century composers.
		The repetitive nature of the internal structure of the scale means that it has no sense of a keynote or tonic, and the scale has a limited number of transpositions.
		Olivier Messiaen used the octatonic scale as one of his modes of limited transposition.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /octatonic+scale (144 words)

	James Wierzbicki / Olivier Messiaen
		Yet his music somehow reached beyond its own limits, toward an essence vaster and infinitely more sublime than any that might be contained in a mere work of art.
		He invented scales (the so-called modes of limited transposition), systematically organizing the multitude of chords their notes could produce.
		While the durations of Messiaen's notes are necessarily limited, their carefully ordered combinations nevertheless have a timeless quality.
	pages.sbcglobal.net /jameswierzbicki/messiaen.htm (1269 words)

	Pleasure (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		And in the unconflicted limiting case, we need not offer even palliative analgesia for relief of pain, since experiencing pain is supposed to be unintelligible lacking an appropriate larger pattern of desires and emotions.
		Competitive alternation between the two modes of experience was a commonplace of past psychology and is receiving increasing confirmation.
		But this won't do to keep these distinct and allow that she might enjoy one but not the other, as she surely may. We could assign different more finely individuated states of affairs or whatever as contents, but intuitively it seems that the content may be the same in some such cases.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/pleasure (16477 words)

	Modes of limited transposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Trend analysis: Fits the history of economic growth from 2 million B.C. to today as a sequence of growth modes, and suggests that in the next century a new mode may appear where the economy doubles every month or two.
		Transposition du principe de la musique de chambre au théâtre.
		Description of the modes of inheritance of this condition in various breeds.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Modes_of_limited_transposition (1597 words)

	Olivier Messiaen
		Throughout the 1930s Messiaen continued to develop his methodology of "modes of limited transposition" and "non-retrogradable rhythms", both in his compositions and through published theoretical works.
		An exception to this - the remarkable pianist Yvonne Loriod - would return Messiaen's encouragement with a long-standing support of her mentor's music; most of the works he would compose throughout the remainder of the 1940s contained parts written especially for her.
		This proved a short-lived detour, however, and his subsequent work would be dominated by the two predominant interests in his life: his religious beliefs and his love of the natural world.
	www.nndb.com /people/875/000044743 (598 words)

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