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Topic: Modified Newtonian dynamics

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	Modified Newtonian dynamics - Biocrawler
		The modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a physical theory which attempts to explain the galaxy rotation problem by changing Newton's law of motion.
		Therefore, only the dynamics of galaxies and larger systems need to be examined to check that MOND is compatible with observation.
		For example, the dynamics of satellites of our Galaxy could be distorted by MOND effects, in a way difficult to explain with a dark matter halo.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/The_Modified_Newtonian_Dynamics (2734 words)

	MOND@Everything2.com
		MOND is the short name for Modified Newtonian Dynamics.
		It is a modification of Newtonian force law that was hypothesized in 1983 as an alternative to dark matter.
		One of the advantages of MOND over dark matter is that it does not cause any extra problems with a Newtonian disk and a dark matter halo.
	www.everything2.com /index.pl?node=MOND (444 words)

	Article 1
		With this modification to standard Newtonian dynamics, MOND has proved to be every bit as successful at explaining the astronomer's observations as dark matter has.
		I tinkered with modifying the distance dependence of gravity, and also with the idea of adding a new 1/[r.sup.2] force that couples not to mass, like gravity, and not to charge, like electricity, but to angular momentum.
		There is, of course, some precedence to modifying Newtonian dynamics: Einstein showed that Newton's laws of gravity don't hold zuhen the velocities approach the speed of light or when the gravitational field is very strong.
	www.physics.odu.edu /~weinstei/120f03/astro10.html (1937 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Modified Newtonian dynamics
		In physics, Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is a theory that explains the galaxy rotation problem without assuming the existence of dark matter.
		For example, the dynamics of satellites of the Milky Way could be distorted by the effects of MOND, in such a way that would be difficult to explain with a dark matter halo.
		Tensor-Vector-Scalar gravity (TeVeS) is a proposed relativistic theory that is equivalent to Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) in the non-relativistic limit, which purports to explain the galaxy rotation problem without invoking dark matter.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics (2901 words)

	[No title]
		The Rotation Curves of the Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 4650A under Modified Newtonian Dynamics
		A stratified framework for scalar-tensor theories of Modified Dynamics
		An attempt to empirically evaluate the gravitational deflection of light in the modified Newtonian dynamics.
	www.columbia.edu /~fms5/w629.html (228 words)

	ipedia.com: Modified Newtonian dynamics Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The modified Newtonian dynamics is a physical theory which attempts to explain the galaxy rotation problem by changing Newton's law of motion.
		Therefore, only the dynamics of galaxies and larger systems need be examined to check that MOND is compatible with observation.
		For example, the dynamics of satellites of our Galaxy could be distorted by MOND effects, in a way difficult to explain with a dark matter halo.
	www.ipedia.com /modified_newtonian_dynamics.html (2610 words)

	Milky Way Galaxy Is Warped And Vibrating Like A Drum
		Some physicists, however, have come up an alternative theory of gravity called Modified Newtonian Dynamics, or MOND, that seeks to explain these observations without resorting to belief in a large amount of undetected mass in the universe, like an invisible elephant in the room.
		Weinberg thought he could explain the observed warp dynamically, and used computers to calculate the effect of the Magellanic Clouds orbiting the Milky Way, plowing through the dark matter halo that extends far out into the orbit of the clouds.
		The combined motion during a 1.5-billion-year orbit of the Magellanic Clouds is reminiscent of the edges of a tablecloth flapping in the wind, since the center of the disk is pinned down.
	www.rense.com /general69/milky.htm (1118 words)

	American Scientist Online - Dark-Matter Heretic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With this modification to standard Newtonian dynamics, MOND has proved to be every bit as successful at explaining the astronomer's observations as dark matter has.
		There is, of course, some precedence to modifying Newtonian dynamics: Einstein showed that Newton's laws of gravity don't hold when the velocities approach the speed of light or when the gravitational field is very strong.
		Because the acceleration constant, which marks the boundary between the validity regions of MOND and Newtonian dynamics, turns out to have a value that matches accelerations appearing in the context of cosmology.
	www.americanscientist.org /template/AssetDetail/assetid/16363 (1868 words)

	Modified Newtonian dynamics - Glasgledius (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a physical theory which attempts to explain the galaxy rotation problem by changing Newton's law of motion.
		As time has passed, the hypothesis of dark matter halos encountered many problems, casting doubt on the validity of this model (although it is still the most widely accepted model).
		According to the Modified Newtonian Dynamics theory, every physical process that involves small accelerations will have an outcome different than predicted by the simple law F=ma.
	www.glasglow.com /e2/mo/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics.html (2476 words)

	Chandra casts cloud on alternative to dark matter
		An alternative theory of gravity called MOND, for Modified Newtonian Dynamics, was proposed in 1983 and has remained viable over the years.
		An alternative theory of gravity called MOND, for Modified Newtonian Dynamics, was proposed in 1983 by Mordecai Milgrom of the Weizmann Institute in Israel, and has remained viable over the years.
		MOND does away with the need for dark matter by modifying the theory where the acceleration produced by gravity is very small, such as the outskirts of galaxies.
	www.spacehike.com /chandracloud.html (752 words)

	Modified Newtonian Dynamics - Slackerpedia Galactica (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Modified Newtonian Dynamics aka MOND is an alternative theory to dark matter in explaining why the orbits of stars in galaxies don't follow our original expectations.
		In low-density, low-acceleration environments, gravity does not follow unmodified Newtonian dynamics.
		Some scientists prefer MOND because they don't need to waste MP summoning dark matter into the universe.
	www.slackerastronomy.org /slackerpedia/index.php?title=Modified_Newtonian_Dynamics&redirect=no (82 words)

	GK Workshop - F.J. Sánchez-Salcedo &. A.M. Hidalgo-Gámez
		Although Milgrom's modified dynamics (MOND) can reproduce the rotation curves for a large sample of spiral galaxies without invoking dark matter, catastrophic ring instabilities could arise in the gaseous disc of rich-gas dwarf galaxies, causing severe observational consequences.
		The modified Newtonian gravity (MOND) proposed by Milgrom (1983) to account for the rotation curves of spiral galaxies continues without a definitive observational contradiction.
		In modified Newtonian dynamics most of the dwarf gas-rich galaxies might be very unstable against axisymmetric local perturbations in the gaseous component.
	www.astro.uni-bonn.de /~webgk/ws98/amhg_p.html (715 words)

	Citebase - Clusters of galaxies with modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND)
		Citebase - Clusters of galaxies with modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND)
		Clusters of galaxies with modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND)
		Authors: Sanders, R. X-ray emitting clusters of galaxies are considered in the context of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND).
	www.citebase.org /abstract?id=oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/0212293 (275 words)

	New MOND papers.
		MOND (for modified Newtonian Dynamics) is a proposed alternative to the dark matter theory used to explain galatic dynamics that don't follow general relativity if only observed matter is taken into account.
		Remarkably, the amount of orbital precession in MOND is nearly identical to that which occurs in a a CDM Galactic halo with flattening q=0.95, consistent with recent constraints from the Sagittarius stream.
		Since very flattened mass distributions in MOND produce rounder potentials than in standard Newtonian mechanics, we show that it will be very difficult to use the tidal debris from streams to distinguish between a MOND galaxy and a standard CDM galaxy with a mildly oblate halo.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=64698 (946 words)

	The MOND pages
		In contrast, once a modified force law is specified, there is no freedom to adjust its predictions.
		Is a star an unremitingly Newtonian object because of the microscopic motion of its constiuent atoms?
		This effectively defines the location at which you are in one regime or the other - and whether things interior to that regime can be treated as a single billiard ball for the purpose of calculating its motion, e.g the barycenter of the solar system about the galaxy.
	www.astro.umd.edu /~ssm/mond/faq.html (1367 words)

	Jesuits on Statics, Dynamics, Mathematics and astronomy between Galileo and Newton (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Through the study of a number of Jesuit contributions to mechanics we hope to develop a different approach to the study of its development during the Scientific Revolution.
		Mechanics was not simply a "new science" arising out of the genius of a few brave heroes who dared to reject and annihilate the tradition.
		Rather, it was a field of possibilities and constraints, of tradiotion modified by new applications and of innovation delayed by old categories of thought and old practices.
	echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de /content/jesuit (364 words)

	[No title]
		According to the article, the Professor is the "Father of MOND" and MOND means "Modified Newtonian Dynamics".
		Of course when one acknowledges the fact that we live in a universe of dynamic ether, the cold dark matter is merely a theorized substitute for the truth.
		However, the place proposed for its detection is one where the nether (dynamic ether) is very dense as opposed to its density at empty places between or far from galaxies.
	www.softcom.net /users/greebo/cvp.htm (6845 words)

	Scientific American: A Force to Reckon With (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The telemetry for the early part of the Pioneer missions is available, so the analysis "is a relatively cheap thing to do, and at the very least it will give us more information and perhaps an indication," he remarks.
		Especially if the mysterious force points toward the sun, then the explanation might be a deviation from Newtonian dynamics--termed modified Newtonian dynamics, or MOND--an idea originally proposed to explain why rotating galaxies do not fly apart.
		Dark matter may modify gravity, though as an alternative, Mordehai Milgrom of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, proposes an additional component of gravity that should appear over large distances.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=000BB6BE-A7BA-1330-A54583414B7F0000 (729 words)

	Evidence for the Big Bang
		This is true of Newtonian gravity and GR (Newton's constant), it is true of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics (Planck's constant, the electron charge) and it is true of cosmology.
		In the Newtonian limit, we can get a feel for this contribution by considering the standard example of a rocket leaving the Earth, with a velocity great enough to "escape" from its gravitational field.
		In a Nature article in 1973, E. Tryon sketched an argument that the negative gravitational potential energy of the universe has the same magnitude as the positive energy contained in its contents (matter and radiation), and hence the total energy of the universe is indeed zero (or at least close to zero).
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/astronomy/bigbang.html (19835 words)

	Dark Matter - Slackerpedia Galactica
		It is also (as far as we know) required to explain the rotation curves of galaxies, where the observed rotation profiles did not match those expected if the only mass in the galaxy was that which was visible in stars or interstellar medium.
		Other forms of "unseen matter" like MACHOs do not appear to be abundant enough, and alternative cosmologies like modified Newtonian dynamics have not gained much acceptance outside of their original proponents.
		Recent observations of the Bullet Cluster of galaxies made with a variety of optical and X-ray telescopes appear to provide the "smoking gun" (cough) for dark matter.
	www.slackerastronomy.org /slackerpedia/index.php/Dark_Matter (298 words)

	Gravity conundrum - 20 May 2006 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It strikes me that modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) still has two problems, despite being reformulated to be compatible with general relativity (29 April, p 52).
		First, there is still no clear physical basis for the theory; and second, unless the reformulation has changed some of MOND's predictions, it fails to cope with very large-scale situations - such as the behaviour of large galaxy cluster cores.
		The addition of two extra fields in the TeVeS model of modified Newtonian dynamics reminds me of the addition of epicycles in the flawed geocentric theory of the solar system.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg19025520.400.html (301 words)

	Modified Newtonian Dynamics and the physics aesthetic
		During my final semester at Rutgers University, I undertook a project about Modified Newtonian Dynamics- MOND, an alternative approach to the hidden matter hypothesis.
		It's also quite alarming that this page is the #1 hit on a Google search for "modified newtonian dynamics." So even though I'm a linguistics student now, I'm compelled to put this up.
		Mordehai Milgrom proposed the idea of modified dynamics as a solution to the hidden matter problem- all the way back in 1983.
	www.physics.rutgers.edu /~juxian/mond.html (745 words)

	On Simulations of Galaxy Dynamics and Their Application to Physics Education
		This work describes the self-teaching educational-research project involving many-body computer simulations with the objective of studying galaxy dynamics.
		A future evolution of the Local Group is simulated in the collision of two disk galaxies representing Andromeda galaxy (M31) and the Milky Way galaxy; Galaxy harassment is also briefly explored.
		Modified Newtonian Dynamics simulation as a possible rival of dark matter is described.
	www.kof.zcu.cz /st/dis/schwarzmeier (182 words)

	Science and Technology News - February 1st, 2007
		The acceleration of the cosmic expansion may be due to a new component of physical energy density or a modification of physics itself.
		For weak lensing we examine the level of understanding needed of quasi- and nonlinear structure formation in modified gravity theories, and the trade off between stronger precision but greater susceptibility to bias as progressively more nonlinear information is used.
		The affine Lagrangian of the electromagnetic field, which has the form of the Maxwell Lagrangian with the metric tensor replaced by the tensor reciprocal to the symmetrized Ricci tensor, is dynamically equivalent to the Einstein-Maxwell Lagrangian in the metric formulation.
	vsevcosmos.livejournal.com /2007/02/01 (4637 words)

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