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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Battle of Modlin
		During the Polish September Campaign at the beginning of the Second World War, Modlin Fortress was a headquarters of the Modlin Army until it retreated eastwards.
		Modlin anti-aircraft battery was the one that shot down the most German planes during the campaign.
		Modlin capitulated on September 29, as one of the last Polish units during the campaign.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Modlin (1267 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Modlin Fortress
		Modlin Fortress (Polish Twierdza Modlin) is one of the biggest 19th century fortresses in Poland.
		The fort was to be a bastion fortress, located approximately a mile from the rivers and with several forts guarding the area from the west.
		Modlin fortress was the place of Battle of Modlin during the Invasion of Poland.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Modlin-Fortress (141 words)

	ndwor.htm : Nowy Dwor Mazowiecki - Background
		In 1813 the city was again destroyed due to the yearlong siege of the Modlin Fortress by Russian troops.
		The fortification of the Modlin shores began during the "Swedish Delude" (Potop Szwedzki).
		Overshadowed by Modlin, Nowy Dwor with its wooden houses, due to the military restriction on any other type of residential construction, awaited to be burned down to prevent the enemy from getting a foothold in the defense area.
	davids.boker.org.il /nowydwor/ndwor.htm (1768 words)

	Fortification Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For example the battle of the Hurtgen Forest in Germany during the closing stages of World War II is an excellent example of how impassable terrain could be used to the defenders' advantage.
		Rödberget fort, a part of the modern Boden Fortress in Sweden, seen from the north.
		Fortress of the Teutonic Knights in Koblenz, Germany
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Fortification.html (2000 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Modlin Fortress
		Modlin Fortress (Polish Twierdza Modlin) is one of the biggest 19th century fortresses in Poland.
		The fort was to be a bastion fortress, located approximately a mile from the rivers and with several forts guarding the area from the west.
		Modlin fortress was the place of Battle of Modlin during the Invasion of Poland.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Modlin_Fortress (1145 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During the Invasion of Poland at the beginning of the Second World War, Modlin Fortress was a headquarters of the Modlin Army until it retreated eastwards.
		Modlin anti-aircraft battery was the one that shot down the most Luftwaffe planes in September.
		Modlin capitulated on September 29, as one of the last Polish units to remain operational during the campaign.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=battle_of_Modlin (149 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1810 the very concept of the fort was changed and Napoleon decided to turn Modlin into a pivotal fortress in his line of fortifications and expand it significantly by adding an outer rim of defences.
		The second part of the fortress was the Kazuń bridgehead on the left bank of the Vistula, composed of a single ravelin.
		On February 5, 1813 the Russian army of 36,000 soldiers arrived to the fortress and laid siege to it.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Modlin_Fortress (1062 words)

	Modlin Fortress - meaning of word
		Modlin Fortress (Polish language ''Twierdza Modlin'') is one of the biggest 19th century fortresses in Poland.
		After the First World War Modlin became part of Poland and was modernised with modern bunkers, anti-tank and anti-aircraft equipment.
		Modlin fortress was the place of Battle of Modlin during the Polish September Campaign.
	www.wordsonline.org /Modlin_fortress (244 words)

	Twierdza Modlin
		The Modlin Fortress is a 200 years old fortification phenomenon which can be compared in the European scope only with the Fortress of Verdun.
		The Fortress is settled on a picturesque slope upon the Narew and Vistula rivers mouth.
		The Modlin Fortress is Poland's the biggest and most important monument of military engineering and fortification architecture.
	www.twierdzamodlin.pl /en.html (232 words)

	Google Earth Hacks - Fortress Modlin before World War II
		During the Invasion of Poland at the beginning of the Second World War, Modlin Fortress was a headquarters of the Modlin Army until it retreated eastwards.
		Modlin anti-aircraft battery was the one that shot down the most Luftwaffe planes in September.
		Modlin capitulated on September 29, as one of the last Polish units to remain operational during the campaign.
	www.gearthhacks.com /dlfile24665/Fortress-Modlin-before-World-War-II.htm (240 words)

	Modlin
		The dirty red fortress was sitting like a spider between the rivers Vistula and Bug, the roads protected with barbed wire and field mines.
		Here in the fortress is such an office which assembles all the lost souls and sends them on to their appropriate units." He was even smiling, handing us the travel orders.
		The labourers were assembled near the kitchen barracks on the opposite side of the airfield near Modlin fortress.
	www.skarbek.com.au /bv/modlin.htm (12455 words)

	Magdeburg Sting 1936 - Part VI
		Fortress of Brześć which was to be the headquarters of Polish planned counteroffensive fell to the 16th Army in the first attack.
		The Russian Southwest Front had pushed Polish forces out of Ukraine and was closing on Zamość and Lwów, the metropolis of south-eastern Poland and an important industrial center, defended by the Polish 6th Army.
		August 14, 1920, the Polish 5th Army under General Władysław Sikorski counterattacked from the area of the Modlin fortress, crossing the Wkra River.
	www.minelinks.com /war/meeting.html (1762 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Modlin Fortress
		Intended as a major stronghold guarding the bridges over Vistula and Bugo-Narew, it was captured by German forces during the First World War in 1915, with little resistance from the already-routed Russians.
		After the First World War Modlin became part of Poland and was modernised with modern bunkers, anti-tank and anti-aircraft equipment.
		Modlin fortress was the place of Battle of Modlin during the Polish September Campaign.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Modlin_Fortress (195 words)

	Novogeorgievsk - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		(2) A first-class fortress of Russian Poland (called Modlin till 1831), at the confluence of the Narev (Bug) with the Vistula, 23 m.
		Modlin was first fortified under the Napoleonic regime in 1807, and in the wars of 1813 and 1830-31 underwent several sieges.
		The importance of the fortress lies in the fact that it prevents Warsaw from being turned by a force on the lower Vistula and commands the railway between Danzig and Warsaw.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Novogeorgievsk (188 words)

	Battle of Mława - Karr.net (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It was fought between the forces of Polish Modlin Army under Gen. Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski and the German 3rd Army under Gen. Georg von Küchler.
		In 1939 the Polish Modlin Army, led by Brigadier General Emil Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski, was thought as the main defensive force guarding Polish borders from the north.
		Shortly before the war, a decision was made to strengthen the Polish defences by construction of a line of field fortifications and concrete bunkers to the north of Mława, in the centre of the army's positions.
	216.92.11.22 /encyclopedia/Battle_of_M%C5%82awa (1234 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Battle of Warsaw (1920)
		The Battle of Warsaw (sometimes referred to as the Miracle at the Vistula, Polish Cud nad Wisłą) was the decisive battle of the Polish-Bolshevik War (also known as the Polish-Soviet War), the war that began soon after the end of World War I in 1918 and lasted until the Treaty of Riga in 1921.
		The Battle of Warsaw was fought between 13 and 25 August, 1920, as Red Army forces commanded by Mikhail Tukhachevski approached the Polish capital of Warsaw and the nearby Modlin Fortress.
		The Modlin sector was reinforced with reserves (the Siberian Brigade, and Gen. Franciszek Krajowski 's fresh 18th Infantry Division--both, elite, battle-tested units), and the 5th Army held out till dawn.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Battle_of_Warsaw_%281920%29 (3318 words)

	Forts
		The Babruysk Fortress is a historic fortress in the city of Babruysk, Belarus that was built between 1810 and 1836.
		The fortress was constructed in the historic center of the city, at the confluence of the Babruyka and Berezina rivers.
		The tower stood on an island in the middle of the River Tagus until the course of the river was diverted by an earthquake in 1777; the tower had previously survived the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
	www.shortopedia.com /F/O/Forts (1304 words)

	Modlin
		Modlin (quarter) a Quarter of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki from 1961
		Modlin (village) a Village near Warsaw in Poland until 1961
		Modlin Fortress, a fortress constructed in 19th century
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/mo/Modlin.htm (82 words)

	TWIERDZA MODLIN - Mariusz Wojciechowski 2000
		Modlin był we francuskich planach jednym z najważniejszych punktów strategicznych.
		W projekcie twierdzy Modlin widać charakterystyczne cechy systemu Chasseloup-Laubat: niekiedy brak rawelinów zastąpionych redutami w placu broni i lunetami wysuniętymi w przedstok, ziemne przeciwskarpy fosy na wzór Carnota dla ułatwienia wypadów z twierdzy.
		Nowy obwód twierdzy Modlin składał się z sześciu frontów: bastionowego Parysowskiego, poligonalnego Księcia Warszawskiego, dwubastionowego Borodino, poligonalnego Św.Jerzego, dwubastionowego Połtawskiego i kleszczowego Ostrołęckiego (uzupełnionego wysuniętym rogowym fortem).
	www.mars.slupsk.pl /fort/tmostart.htm (2594 words)

	... granary of the Modlin Fortress ... - GFXartist.com - Served over 20,000,000 artworks
		The oldest existing part of the fortress is the interior part of the citadel made up of four parts and the Kazunski bridge in the shape of a bastion.
		Modlin formed the heart of a series of fortifications that stretched up along the Vistula River to Mlawa, and many of these forts are also open to tourists today, representing examples of fortification architecture rarely found in Western Europe.
		In 1919 Modlin became a military port of the newly independent Poland and a centre for training sailors.
	andrzej.gfxartist.com /artworks/83603 (1245 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The newly-created force was composed of the forces defending Warsaw and Modlin Fortress, as well as all Polish units defending the Narew and Vistula (between Warsaw and Pilica River estuary) river lines.
		Only a strip of land along the Vistula leading towards the Kampinos Forest and Modlin Fortress was still in Polish hands.
		The defence of Modlin fortress was an important relief to the defenders of Warsaw.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=siege_of_Warsaw (1983 words)

	Flight Sim X / FS2004 Forums > Napoleon's Polish fortress becomes instant civil airport: (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jan 29 2006, 10:49 AM The military airport at Modlin, a district where Napoleon first built a fortress which was then taken over by the Tsar and later became the command-and-control centre for the Polish Air Force, is to be converted into a low-cost carrier facility to expand traffic to Warsaw in 2006.
		The overall aim is to increase Warsaw's ability to act as a hub for the region because of its position, with countries such as Belarus, the Baltic states, Ukraine, Slovakia, Czech Republic and eastern Germany on its borders.
		Modlin will specialise in low-cost, charters, night flights, cargo flights as well as general aviation, and there is a long-term plan for a 15-minute, direct rail connection to Warsaw Central.
	www.fszone.org /forums/lofiversion/index.php/t3448.html (248 words)

	Baltic Fort Route - The Modlin Fortress - overview
		The old Modlin Fortress founded by Napoleon in 1806 and expanded in 1811-1812, ranked among the biggest in Europe, is undoubtedly a great tourist attraction of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki.
		Russians continued to expand the fortress in 1883-1888 by surrounding it with a circle of forts.
		The fortress was engaged in warfare in 1915, 1919 and 1939.
	www.bfr.pl /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=39 (427 words)

	Modlin Fortress - Definition, explanation
		In 1806-1812 a fortress was constructed here by the orders of Napoleon Bonaparte.
		Intended as a major stronghold guarding the bridges over Vistula and Bugo-Narew, it was captured by German forces during the First World War in 1915, with little resistance from the already-routed Russians.
		About fortress Modlin, with maps and plans (in Polish)
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/m/mo/modlin_fortress.php (240 words)

	[No title]
		I do not have to tell you that the so-called Anglo-French war against Russia delivered the mountain fortress in the Caucasus to the latter and gave her domination over the Black Sea and maritime rights -- something that Catherine II, Paul, and Alexander II had vainly tired to wrest from England.
		Her material resources in Congress Poland [that chunk of the Kingdom of Poland which went to Russia during the Congress of Vienna, 1814-15], which constitutes her fortified camp in Europe, have increased colossally.
		The fortresses of Warsaw, Modlin, Ivangorod, points once selected by Napoleon I, dominate the whole length of the Vistula and comprise a formidable base for attacks on the north, west, and south.
	marx.eserver.org /1867-poland.russia.txt (1672 words)

	Modlin - The Wordbook Encyclopedia
		Modlin was part of a name of a several entities:
		Army Modlin, Polish army during Invasion of Poland, 1939
		Modlin (village) a quarter of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki from 1961
	www.thewordbook.com /Modlin (175 words)

	Battle of Mława - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It was fought between the forces of Polish Modlin Army under Gen. Emil Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski and the German 3rd Army under Gen. Georg von Küchler.
		In 1939 the Polish Modlin Army, led by Brigadier General Emil Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski, was thought as the main defensive fource guarding Polish borders from the north.
		Although the German mechanized units suffered heavy losses and were unable to maintain pursuit, the area to the south of Mława was very lightly forested and the Polish forces were constantly bombarded and strafed by the German Luftwaffe, suffering heavy losses both in troops and equipment.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Battle_of_M%C5%82awa (1278 words)

	Recent projects
		Some of the fortresses maintain in a proper condition, but to many of them are neglected and left in poor circumstances.
		The former main fortress, ‘ the castle’ in Jakarta is already demolished in the beginning of the 19th century; but in cities as Makassar in Sulawesi and Bengkulu in west-Sumatra, the fortresses Rotterdam and Marlborough are still very significant to the urban environment and the identity of these cities.
		The idea to implement a general documentation project regarding the historic fortresses in the archipelago of Indonesia was suggested by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata) of the Republic Indonesia.
	www.pac-nl.org /00000094771358902 (1478 words)

	Necropolis
		Despite the existing threat, until 1939, nothing was done to prevent the country from the attacks and to secure the border although in the times of the Second Republic of Poland it was just 120 km far from its capital.
		Fortresses in Modlin, Pułtusk and Różan, inherited from the occupants, were too far apart from one another to have any influence on the course of war in that area.
		The main task of "Modlin" Army was to delay the enemy movement heading from east Prussia towards Warsaw, Nidzica and Modlin.
	www.mlawa.um.gov.pl /en/index-8.html (2159 words)

	Hitler in the East
		German forces were attacking the fortress at Graudenz.
		North of the Weichsel, our forces are nearing the fortress at Modlin.
		German troops from Modlin are approaching Warsaw from the Northwest.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/cas/gpa/booklet4.htm (864 words)

	Polish-Soviet War
		The Russian Southwest Front had pushed Polish forces out of Ukraine and was closing on Zamość and Lwów, the largest city in southeastern Poland and an important industrial center, defended by the Polish 6th Army.
		Stalin, seeking a personal triumph, was focused on capturing Lwów—far to the southeast of Warsaw—besieged by Bolshevik forces but still resisting their assaults.
		The Polish 5th Army under General Władysław Sikorski counterattacked August 14 from the area of the Modlin fortress, crossing the Wkra River.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/po/polish-soviet_war.html (6517 words)

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