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	Dunhuang Attractions: Mogao Caves, Mogao Grottoes, Mogao Grottoes
		Mogao Caves are commonly known as the Caves of a Thousand Buddhas.
		Mogao sculptors improvised where the rock surface did not work well under their chisels.
		The Mogao Caves are a depository of historical and cultural exchanges over more than a thousand years between China and other nations.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /attraction/gansu/dunhuang/mogao_grottoes/index.htm (455 words)

	Mogao Caves - an introduction to its founding, functions, development & history with information on cave design, ...
		There are three different types of music portrayed at the Mogao Caves, that of the Chinese heartland, that of the western regions (the present day western provinces of Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang) and lastly "celestial music", originally taken from the land of the Buddha, used for liturgical and meditative purposes.
		The Mogao Caves prime role as Buddhist shrine had been supplemented with a secondary one as a clan hall.
		As a result of war and destruction in their homeland, in some cases, the Mogao Cave image is the only surviving extant example of the imported auspicious symbol.
	www.imperialtours.net /mogaocaves02.htm (0 words)

	Mogao - tips by travel authority Howard Hillman
		The Mogao cave art (mainly Buddha related) first appeared in the 4th century and continued, with some interruptions, over the next thousand years.
		The Mogao Caves are also known as the "Mogao Grottoes," "Dunhaung Caves" and the "Caves of a Thousand Buddhas".
		The Mogao Caves are 25 kilometers (15 miles) from the desert oasis town of Dunhaung (which has an airport) in Gansu province.
	www.hillmanwonders.com /china/mogao_caves.htm (0 words)

	Mogao Caves,Dunhuang Travel Guides-China City Tours Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Mogao Caves are commonly known as the Caves of a Thousand Buddhas.
		Mogao sculptors improvised where the rock surface did not work well under their chisels.
		The Mogao Caves are a depository of historical and cultural exchanges over more than a thousand years between China and other nations.
	www.achinatravel.com /china-travel/china-gansu-dunhuang-mogao-caves.asp (0 words)

	Mogao Caves
		The Mogao Caves (莫高窟) form a system of 492 caves near Dunhuang, in Gansu province, China.
		The caves, also known as the Mogao Grottoes, are located near the historic junction of the northern and southern Silk Roads.
		The Mogao Caves became one of the World Heritage Sites in 1987.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mo/Mogao.html (0 words)

	Mogao Ku :: China by Bike :: April -- October '98
		As one of the guidebooks states, this is a country whose successive dynasties tended to be built upon the ashes of the prior.
		In 1900 Wang Yuan-lu, a Taoist priest and 'self-styled' abbot of Mogao, noticed a hollow sounding wall in the entranceway of cave 16, which workers were clearing of sand and debris.
		The guide explained that the figure is that of the Buddhist Master at Mogao who'd had the manuscripts sealed in the cave nine centuries ago.
	www.synaptic.bc.ca /ejfour/043mogao.htm (0 words)

	Wall Paintings at Mogao Grottoes (Conservation at the Getty)
		Cave 85 exhibits deterioration problems representative of the entire Mogao site, and was selected as a case study of the application of the Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China (also known as the China Principles).
		The temple walls were plastered over with a mixture of clay, sand, and plant fiber, and the paintings were executed as line drawings in red and fl ink on a ground layer covering the earthen plaster, then filled in with bright mineral pigments and washes of organic colorants.
		In order to develop effective conservation measures to stabilize the paintings at Mogao and to address the causes of their deterioration, Cave 85, constructed in the late–Tang dynasty (618–906), was chosen as a case study for the application of a rigorous methodology for development and implementation of an overall conservation plan.
	www.getty.edu /conservation/field_projects/mogao/index.html (1099 words)

	Mogao Caves - A Clash Of Civilizations
		But whereas the Sistine Chapel was painted over a few years, the works at the Mogao Caves began in the fourth century and were completed over the next millennium.
		For although rival dynasties, families, tribes, religions and nationalities dominated the area, the sheer magnificence of the Mogao Caves was so overwhelming as to prevail over any differences in its successive rulers.
		Even though the power and scale of the seemingly infinite desert mock the Great Wall's pretensions to mastery, it is an achievement for this human endeavor to have been constructed and have survived for so long in such a hostile environment.
	www.imperialtours.net /mogao_article.htm (0 words)

	Mogao Caves: Dunhuang Travel, Dunhuang Attraction
		The Mogao Caves, a renowned Buddhist art treasure, are situated about 25 kilometers (about 16 miles) southeast of Dunhuang City on the eastern face of Echoing-Sand Mountain.
		The Mogao Caves were started in 366 and during the next 1600 years, many dynasties created additional caves here.
		Mogao Caves are a three-dimensional combination of architecture, sculptures and paintings.
	www.warriortours.com /cityguides/dunhuang/mogao_grottoes.htm (0 words)

	Mogao Caves - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mogao Caves, or Mogao Grottoes (Chinese: 莫高窟; pinyin: mò gāo kū) form a system of 492 temples near Dunhuang, in Gansu province, China.
		The travel of Zhang Qian to the West, Mogao caves, 618-712 CE.
		The Mogao manuscript trove forms the backdrop of the plotline of the Japanese movie The Silk Road (1988, English subtitles), adapted from a 1959 novel by Yasushi Inoue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mogao_Caves (747 words)

	The Caves of Mogao - Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Caves of Mogao were designated a World Heritage site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1987, significant as a key crossroad to early civilizations and a modern day link to art, culture and religious artifacts dating from the fourth to the fourteenth centuries.
		The Mogao Grottoes are a complex of some 750 caves carved out of the face of the sandstone cliff along the Daquan River, 25 km southeast of Dunhuang in China's Gansu Province.
		Today, the Mogao Grottoes are the mainstay of Dunhuang's economy, attracting thousands of visitors to this remote outpost at the western end of the Great Wall each year, as well as the locus for an esoteric, thriving field of scholarship.
	www.shiningtiger.com /press.asp (0 words)

	Mogao Caves Summary
		The Mogao Caves of China, 492 of which are preserved, were dug in the sandstone cliffs outside the city of Dunhuang, in today's Gansu Province, from 366 CE to the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368).
		The "herd of antelopes" painting in the Mogao Caves near Dunhuang, China.
		The Mogao Caves are the best known of the Chinese Buddhist grottoes, and along with Longmen and Yungang are one of the three famous ancient sculptural sites of China.
	www.bookrags.com /Mogao_Caves (0 words)

	Dunhuang Mogao Caves China - China tourist & travel guide for Dunhuang Mogao Caves, China
		Dunhuang Mogao Caves, also known as "Thousand Buddha Grottoes", it's located at the rock side of the Singing Sand Mountain in Dunhuang city of Gansu Province.
		In the Tang Dynasty, the arts of the Mogao Grottoes were at its highest level.
		The Mogao Caves vary in sizes, with 37 being the smallest and 16 the largest covering each an area of 268 square meters.
	www.orientaltravel.com /province/city/area/Dunhuang_Mogao_Caves.htm (0 words)

	Mogao Caves - World Heritage Site - Pictures, info and travel reports
		We were crossing from Islamabad to Beijing along the “Silk Road” and had reached the oasis of Dunhuang, the nearest town to the Mogao caves.
		Now, we fully appreciate that WHS sites are not on the list purely for tourists to visit and there is no doubt that the Mogao caves justify their inscription for their art, manuscripts and what they represent historically.
		The desert cliff-side location of Mogao could/should provide atmosphere and help one imagine this place in the 4th century when it was on the trade route by which Buddhism ENTERED China (think of Bamiyan in pre-Islamic Central Asia)!
	www.worldheritagesite.org /sites/mogaocaves.html (0 words)

	adamstein.org: Mogao caves
		The five of us dithered around the ticket booth at the entrance to the Mogao caves, trying to come to a consensus about whether we wanted to shell out the extra 20 yuan for an English-speaking guide.
		The entire cliff face had been coated in concrete to protect against erosion, and the 492 cave entrances were connected by walkways and sealed behind locked metal doors.
		Dug into the desert sand centuries ago, the Mogao caves fell into obscurity until, in 1900, a wandering monk followed a crack in the cliff wall.
	www.adamstein.org /archive/individual/2003/05/11/mogao_caves.html (0 words)

	Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Museum Travel Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Mogao caves are one of the best preserved and most extensive collections of Buddhist paintings and sculptures in the world.
		Particularly, the Mogao Caves, which are located in the gobi-desert 25 kilometers away from the city, consist of 492 caves with 25000 square meters wall paintings and more than 3000 painted sculptures.
		Buddhism became prominent and Buddhist art reached its peak; the proud bearing of the Buddhist figures in the Mogao Caves reflects the feelings of the times, the prevailing image of the brave and warrior, and the strength and steadfastness of the empire.
	www.cnhomestay.com /city/cityguides/dunhuang.htm (0 words)

	Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang
		The art of the Mogao Grottoes is composed of cave architecture, sculptures and murals.In the caves there are 45,000 square meters of murals, 2,415 color sculptures and some 4,000 celestial figures.
		The images in the grottoes are a valuable reference for the study of ancient Chinese society from the fourth century to the 14th century.
		The murals of the Mogao Grottoes are of high historical and artistic value.
	www.chinatravel.com /china-travel-guides/china-attractions/china-world-heritage/mogao-grottoes-in-dunhuan.shtml (0 words)

	The Mogao Caves
		It is one of the earliest painted statues in the Mogao Caves.
		The images of flying apsaras from the Tang Dynasty in the Mogao Caves are rich in color and variety and have a vivid bearing.
		Institutions for conducting academic research and protecting the Mogao Caves were established in China in the 1940s, reinforcement of the caves was carried out in the 1960s, and the Mogao Caves have been under State protection since the 1980s.
	www.sino-cs.ac.uk /html/Heritage/h_mgk.htm (0 words)

	Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes - Silk Road City Guide
		Several years later, Fa Liang, another monk who was from the east, came to dig the second cave.Thereafter people came in flocks to carve caves to express their belief in the Buddhas.
		That the Mogao Grottoes as a quintessence of art, history and culture, were built and developed over 11 dynasties over more than 1,000 years is indeed unprecedented.
		The art of the Mogao Grottoes is composed of cave architecture, sculptures and murals.There are now 482 caves with 4500 square meters of murals and 2500 sculptures.
	www.silk-road-china.com /dunhuang/mogao-grottoes.htm (0 words)

	The painted caves of Mogao - Mogao, China UNESCO Courier - Find Articles
		WITH its paths shaded by slender poplars and its cool, swift-flowing streams, the oasis of Dunhuang is an island of greenery in an otherwise arid landscape on the edge of the Gobi and Takla Makan deserts in China's Gansu province.
		Some twenty-five kilometres to the southeast are the famous Mogao caves--492 temples and sanctuaries hewn into a 1,600-metre-long stretch of a sheer cliff overlooking the Dachuan river.
		The Mogao caves are just one link--albeit the most famous--in a long chain of Buddhist cave temples stretching from Afghanistan to the heart of China.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1993_Dec/ai_15142956 (0 words)

	Silkroad Foundation \| Dunhuang Studies
		Note: The periodical divisions of the Mogao Caves in this table apparently differ from the traditional dynastic divisions of Chinese history.
		The total number of the Mogao caves is 492.
		Zhai Fenda, the 9th generation of the Zhai family and a civil official of the local government, renovated his family cave (Cave 220).
	www.silk-road.com /dunhuang/dhhistory.html (0 words)

	Dunhuang Mogao Caves Photo, Mogao Grottoes Picture, Dunhuang Photos
		The Mogao Caves, also known as the Mogao Grottoes or the Caves of A Thousand Buddhas, are set into a cliff of Echoing Sand Mountain about 25km southeast of Dunhuang.
		This honeycomb of caves was constructed over a millennium, from the 4th to the 14th centuries, and represents the height of Buddhist art and the world's richest treasure house of Buddhist sutras, murals and sculptures.
		Cave No. 96 in Mogao Grottoes housing the third greatest Buddha statue in the world.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /picture/gansu/dunhuang/mogao-caves/index.htm (213 words)

	Around the World with Wes and Masami - Around the World Travelogue by Wes and Masami Heiser with Journal Photographs ...
		A short visit to the Mogao museum sheds light on the reason for the lack of stunning relics.
		The Mogao Caves are promoted as the best ancient Buddhist grottos in China, and our expectations were high, having already visited the Buddhist caves in Dazu and Datong.
		This enables you to plod behind a Chinese-speaking guide as he or she unlocks a random set of 5 or 6 (out of the 30 that the ¥80 ticket entitles viewing of) cave-access metal doors in the course of a 1-hour tour.
	www.atwtravel.net /doc/english/journal/china/dunhuang.htm (0 words)

	Beauty, the Land of China - Gansu
		The Mogao Grottoes are located in a rare mountain gully running from south to north in this barren land, sandwiched by Minsha Mountain in the west and Sanwei Mountain in the east.
		The construction of the Mogao Grottoes spanned more than a thousand years ranging from the Zhou to the Yuan Dynasties.
		The art of the Mogao Grottoes is composed of cave architecture, sculptures and murals.
	library.thinkquest.org /20443/gansu.html (0 words)

	mogao grottoes, dunhuang, China Tour, china travel information
		Mogao Grottoes is a Buddhist treasure house with paintings and murals from 1,600 years ago.
		A gigantic, elegant palace of art, the whole grotto complex is regarded as the world's largest and best-preserved treasure house of Buddhist scriptures, murals, and architectural designs.
		Archaeologists as well as ordinary people will be able to visit the world heritage Mogao Grottoes site in northwest China by simply clicking the computer mouse in 2011.China will digitize images of 170 of the finest Dunhuang grottoes over a period of five years starting 2007.
	www.chinatour.com /attraction/mogaogrottoes.htm (0 words)

	Mogao Caves,Mogao Caves China,Dunhuang Mogao Caves,Mogao Caves in China,Mogao Caves of Dunhuang,Mogao Caves ...
		Thus the Mogao caves are popularly known as the Caves of the Thousand Buddha's.
		Clay sculptures adorn the walls of the Mogao caves with beautiful murals that serve as the ideal backdrop for these beautiful sculptures.
		The ceiling and sidewalls of the Mogao caves in China are a visual treat for art lovers and worshippers of beauty.
	www.holidayschina.com /china-tourist-attractions/mogao-caves.html (0 words)

	Mogao Grottoes - Silk Road and Silk Road Travel in China
		The first cave of the Mogao Grottoes was carved out in the year 366 and so far it has a history of more than 1600 years.
		Flying apsaras, described by the Buddhist scriptures as the goddess of fragrance and music, is a scented goddess who plays the musical instrument and dances.
		The murals of Mogao Grottoes, with Buddhist stories, figures in Buddhist scriptures, stories of natural lives, Buddhist statues, apsaras, and decorative patterns and designs as the chief subject matter, reveal the great and profound Buddhist philosophical thinking.
	www.chinaplanner.com /silkroad/gansu/srd_mogr.htm (0 words)

	Cave Temples of Mogao: Art and History on the Silk Road - Wal-Mart
		The Mogao grottoes in China, situated near the oasis town of Dunhuang on the fabled Silk Road, constitute one of the world's most significant sites of Buddhist art.
		Mogao, founded by Buddhist monks as an isolated monastery in the late fourth century, evolved into an artistic and spiritual center whose renown extended from the Chinese capital to the far western kingdoms of the Silk Road.
		Illustrated in color throughout, Cave Temples of Mogao combines lavish photographs of the caves and their art with the fascinating history of Mogao, Dunhuang, and the Silk Road to create a vivid portrait of this remarkable site.
	www.walmart.com /catalog/product.gsp?product_id=800617 (0 words)

	Travel China - Mogao Caves, Mogao Grottoes travel
		Summary: Situated at a strategic point along the Silk Route, at the crossroads of trade as well as religious, cultural and intellectual influences, the 492 cells and cave sanctuaries in Mogao are famous for their statues and wall paintings, spanning 1,000 years of Buddhist art - UNESCO
		Unfortunately, due to the corrupt and impotent governments after the later Qing dynasties, Mogao Caves has been plundered of most treasures of the treasure trove by heinous thieves like Aurel Stein, Paul Pelliot, Langdon Warner and Albert von Le Coq by theft, mostly, and unfair transactions.
		Jataka is that of Buddhism, while the images are those of Buddhas, Bodhisattra, Lokapala, Vijrapani etc. The painted clay figures and the murals in Mogao Caves came into being at the same time.
	www.shanghaifinance.com /attractions/gansu/mogaocaves/mogaocaves.php (0 words)

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