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Topic: Mogao Caves

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	Mogao Caves - an introduction to its founding, functions, development & history with information on cave design, ...
		These are the bare facts: the Mogao cave complex is comprised of 492 caves, containing 450,000 square feet of murals dating from the fourth to the fourteenth centuries - a period which corresponds to an immense growth in international commerce along the nearby Silk Road.
		The caves were abandoned in the fourteenth century and lay untouched until the beginning of the twentieth century.
		Among the inscriptions for the donors in both the Mogao and Yulin grottoes are: "Painted by the artisans of the first department of the Military Command"; "Painters under the Military Command"; "Calligraphers of First and Second departments of the Military Command"; "Officer in-charge of engraving" and "Officer in charge of cave-cutting".
	www.imperialtours.net /mogaocaves01.htm (2182 words)

	Silkroad Foundation - Dunhuang Studies
		Particularly, the Mogao Caves, which are located in the gobi-desert 25 kilometers away from the city, consist of 492 caves with 25000 square meters wall paintings and more than 3000 painted sculptures.
		The architectural structure and painting themes of these caves are similar to that of the Mogao caves, reflecting the close relationship of the two cave-sites.
		Since these caves are located relatively far away from Dunhuang, their patrons and functions may differ from that of the Mogao caves.
	www.silk-road.com /dunhuang/dhintro.html (766 words)

	Global Heritage Fund - Site Profile
		The Mogao caves are either square or rectangular and all are carved into the sandstone cliffs.
		All the caves carved into the cliffs at Mogao contain groups of colourful, remarkably well-preserved paintings of Buddha and Bodhisattvas, along with other religious paintings, scenes from social life, and political or cultural activities of different dynasties, covering over 1000 years of history.
		Caves carved and painted during the Northern and Western Wei Dynasty show strong stylistic Indian influences, reflecting the characteristics of the birthplace of Buddhism.
	www.globalheritagefund.org /sites/apac/mogao.html (1000 words)

	Silkroad Foundation \| Dunhuang Studies
		Because the continuous construction of the caves stopped after the Yuan (1227-1368), these two Qing caves are commonly considered "accidental" and excluded from the study of the Dunhuang caves.
		Cave 305 was completed in the first month of the 5th year of the Kaihuang era (585 AD).
		Cave 282 was finished on the 5th day of the 7th month of the year.
	www.silk-road.com /dunhuang/dhhistory.html (2653 words)

	Mogao - tips by travel authority Howard Hillman
		The Mogao cave art (mainly Buddha related) first appeared in the 4th century and continued, with some interruptions, over the next thousand years.
		The Mogao Caves are also known as the "Mogao Grottoes," "Dunhaung Caves" and the "Caves of a Thousand Buddhas".
		The Mogao Caves are 25 kilometers (15 miles) from the desert oasis town of Dunhaung (which has an airport) in Gansu province.
	www.hillmanwonders.com /china/mogao_caves.htm (307 words)

	The Caves of Mogao - Press
		The Caves of Mogao were designated a World Heritage site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1987, significant as a key crossroad to early civilizations and a modern day link to art, culture and religious artifacts dating from the fourth to the fourteenth centuries.
		Today, the Mogao Grottoes are the mainstay of Dunhuang's economy, attracting thousands of visitors to this remote outpost at the western end of the Great Wall each year, as well as the locus for an esoteric, thriving field of scholarship.
		In Cave 85, a large Tang Dynasty cave with 16 illustrated sutras that has been selected as a model case study, wall-painting conservator Stephen Rickerby is busy testing different grouts -- a kind of paste that is to be injected behind the painted mud plaster to secure it to the underlying rock wall.
	www.shiningtiger.com /press.asp (2932 words)

	Mògao Shíku (Mògao Caves) \| Museum/Attraction Review \| Dunhuang \| Frommers.com
		Cave 285, for example, tells the tale of 500 rebels who fought against the corrupt King Prasenajit and had their eyes gouged out and were banished to the wilderness before the gods took pity on them and allowed them to be tonsured as monks, their sight restored by the Buddha.
		The cave was sealed off sometime after 998 (the year of the last dated manuscript), perhaps out of fear of the spread of Islam -- the Buddhist kingdom of Khotan was captured and sacked in 1006.
		In 1900, the cave was rediscovered by Wáng Dàoshi (Abbot Wáng), the self-appointed guardian of the caves.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/dunhuang/A32819.html (828 words)

	Mogao Caves: Dunhuang Travel, Dunhuang Attraction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Mogao Caves, a renowned Buddhist art treasure, are situated about 25 kilometers (about 16 miles) southeast of Dunhuang City on the eastern face of Echoing-Sand Mountain.
		The Mogao Caves were started in 366 and during the next 1600 years, many dynasties created additional caves here.
		Mogao Caves are a three-dimensional combination of architecture, sculptures and paintings.
	www.warriortours.com /cityguides/dunhuang/mogao_grottoes.htm (280 words)

	Wall Paintings at Mogao Grottoes (Conservation at the Getty)
		Cave 85 exhibits deterioration problems representative of the entire Mogao site, and was selected as a case study of the application of the Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China (also known as the China Principles).
		The cave had several periods of redecoration, including the addition of donor figures in the entrance corridor painted during the Five Dynasties (907–960), redecoration of the antechamber during the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368), and repainting of the sculpture group and replacement of one of the sculptures during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911).
		Cave 85 was selected because the deterioration of its wall paintings—in particular, the widespread exfoliation of paint and plaster detachment from the bedrock—is representative of the problems faced in many of the site's caves.
	www.getty.edu /conservation/field_projects/mogao (1099 words)

	Mogao Caves,Dunhuang Travel Guides-China City Tours Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Mogao Caves are commonly known as the Caves of a Thousand Buddhas.
		Mogao sculptors improvised where the rock surface did not work well under their chisels.
		The Mogao Caves are a depository of historical and cultural exchanges over more than a thousand years between China and other nations.
	www.achinatravel.com /china-travel/china-gansu-dunhuang-mogao-caves.asp (370 words)

	Mogao Caves - A Clash Of Civilizations
		But whereas the Sistine Chapel was painted over a few years, the works at the Mogao Caves began in the fourth century and were completed over the next millennium.
		For although rival dynasties, families, tribes, religions and nationalities dominated the area, the sheer magnificence of the Mogao Caves was so overwhelming as to prevail over any differences in its successive rulers.
		In the shadowy caves (take a torch with you), there is no apparent contradiction between the thousands of Buddhas painted on the lower walls and the Daoist symbols painted on the ceiling.
	www.imperialtours.net /mogao_article.htm (1362 words)

	The Mogao Caves
		It is one of the earliest painted statues in the Mogao Caves.
		The images of flying apsaras from the Tang Dynasty in the Mogao Caves are rich in color and variety and have a vivid bearing.
		Institutions for conducting academic research and protecting the Mogao Caves were established in China in the 1940s, reinforcement of the caves was carried out in the 1960s, and the Mogao Caves have been under State protection since the 1980s.
	www.sino-cs.ac.uk /html/Heritage/h_mgk.htm (1608 words)

	Mogao Grottoes presented in History section
		These caves were constructed over a millennium, from the 4th to the 14th centuries, and represents the height of Buddhist art and the world’s richest treasure house of Buddhist sutras, murals and sculptures.
		The caves carved on the cliff wall provide voluminous research material for the study of all aspects of Chinese medieval society, in areas such as religion, art, politics, economics, military affairs, culture, literature, language, music, dance, architecture and medical science.
		In the Ming Dynasty, Dunhuang was once abandoned, and the caves gradually faded into the sand of the Gobi desert until a Taoist priest discovered the treasure house in beginning of the 19th century.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/more/mogao_grottoes (876 words)

	Three Rabbits Homepage
		The caves were decorated with statues, murals and decorative images, and construction of new caves continued at Mogao for over 500 years.
		In Cave 406, the rough white silhouettes of the three rabbits are clearly seen against a tan background.
		With descriptions of 492 Mogao caves by the former director of the Dunhuang Academy.
	www.threerabbits.net (1592 words)

	Mogao Caves
		The Mogao Caves (莫高窟) form a system of 492 caves near Dunhuang, in Gansu province, China.
		The caves, also known as the Mogao Grottoes, are located near the historic junction of the northern and southern Silk Roads.
		The Mogao Caves became one of the World Heritage Sites in 1987.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mo/Mogao.html (88 words)

	Mogao Caves - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mogao Caves are the best known of the Chinese Buddhist grottoes, and along with Longmen and Yungang are one of the three famous ancient sculptural sites of China.
		The travel of Zhang Qian to the West, Mogao caves, 618-712 CE.
		A close-up of the fresco describing Emperor Han Wudi (156-87 BCE) worshipping two statues of the Buddha, Mogao Caves, Dunhuang, c.8th century CE.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mogao_Caves (676 words)

	Dunhuang Caves In China - Crystalinks
		The Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang, popularly known as the Thousand Buddha Caves, were carved out of the rocks stretching for about 1,600 meters along the eastern side of the Mingsha Hill, 25 km southeast of Dunhuang.
		A Tang Dynasty inscription records that the first cave in the Mogao Grottoes was made in 366 A.D. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) listed the Mogao Grottoes on the World Heritage List in 1987.
		Despite erosion and man-made destruction, the 492 caves are well preserved, with frescoes covering an area of 45,000 square metres, more than 2,000 colored sculptured figures and five wooden eaves overhanging the caves.
	www.crystalinks.com /chinacaves.html (1588 words)

	adamstein.org: Mogao caves
		The entire cliff face had been coated in concrete to protect against erosion, and the 492 cave entrances were connected by walkways and sealed behind locked metal doors.
		Dug into the desert sand centuries ago, the Mogao caves fell into obscurity until, in 1900, a wandering monk followed a crack in the cliff wall.
		She claimed not to have a key for the naughty caves, although I suspect that that’s where the guides all have their lunch break.
	www.adamstein.org /archive/individual/2003/05/11/mogao_caves.html (675 words)

	Mogao Ku :: China by Bike :: April -- October '98
		While we wait for the caves to open again, I ride out to the north, looking for a panoramic view of the crescent bend in the currently trickling river which cut the cliffs that for 1600 years have been the focus of mankind's struggle to understand and explain itself.
		Caves excavated and decorated by the rich and powerful, by communities, by the savings of monks and nuns from distant monasteries, by small traders and caravaners.
		In 1900 Wang Yuan-lu, a Taoist priest and 'self-styled' abbot of Mogao, noticed a hollow sounding wall in the entranceway of cave 16, which workers were clearing of sand and debris.
	www.synaptic.bc.ca /ejfour/043mogao.htm (3380 words)

	Around the World with Wes and Masami - Around the World Travelogue by Wes and Masami Heiser with Journal Photographs ...
		These caves were once nearly inaccessible due to the harsh desert climate, lack of transportation, and Chinese government restriction.
		The Mogao Caves are promoted as the best ancient Buddhist grottos in China, and our expectations were high, having already visited the Buddhist caves in Dazu and Datong.
		Cave frescos are completely discolored and much of the wall surface is crumbled.
	www.atwtravel.net /doc/english/journal/china/dunhuang.htm (888 words)

	Dunhuang (Tunhuang, Tonko) Caves, China -- Apsaras Photo Notebook
		The Mo-kao (Mogao) Caves, southeast of Tun-huang, number about five hundred and are located at the base of the eastern side of a hill called Ming-sha-shan.
		In 366 the first cave was carved from the cliff side and the construction of others continued thereafter.
		These caves preserve wall paintings that portray events in Shakyamuni Buddha's life and also the Jataka, stories of the previous lives of the Buddha.
	www.onmarkproductions.com /html/dunhuang-caves-apsara.html (2036 words)

	Wall Paintings at Mogao Grottoes (Conservation at the Getty)
		Information relevant to the Cave 85 project that provided context for the assessments of significance, management, and condition of the cave and site, as well as information that served the diagnostic investigations, was researched, compiled, and reviewed.
		The graphic condition records were overlaid on a model of the cave to better visualize the data and to establish patterns of deterioration.
		Results from the conservation, analytical, and environmental teams concluded that the intrusion of exterior humid air into the cave during summer months was responsible for occasional high levels of relative humidity and the deliquescence of salts in the painted plaster, leading to both surface and subsurface deterioration.
	www.getty.edu /conservation/field_projects/mogao/mogao_component1.html (1983 words)

	Silk Road
		However, the Mogao caves – in spite of the unavoidable cultural differences between these different religions and peoples - did not just survive, they actually prospered through this period.
		On the one hand, the Mogao Caves create a space for cultures to meet, while on the other, the Great Wall was intended to keep cultures apart.
		In the shadowy caves (take a flashlight with you), there is no apparent contradiction between the thousands of Buddhas painted on the lower walls and the Daoist symbols painted on the ceiling.
	www.theculturedtraveler.com /ARCHIVES/MAR2003/Silk_Road.htm (1370 words)

	The painted caves of Mogao - Mogao, China UNESCO Courier - Find Articles
		WITH its paths shaded by slender poplars and its cool, swift-flowing streams, the oasis of Dunhuang is an island of greenery in an otherwise arid landscape on the edge of the Gobi and Takla Makan deserts in China's Gansu province.
		The Mogao caves are just one link--albeit the most famous--in a long chain of Buddhist cave temples stretching from Afghanistan to the heart of China.
		The Mogao caves bear witness to a number of important episodes in the history of central Asia.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1993_Dec/ai_15142956 (947 words)

	Day 32
		We are staying in the oasis town of Dunhuang, close by are the caves of Mogao which are a magnificent sight to see.
		The first of these caves were begun in the fourth century and the work was continued for a thousand years.
		The caves contain the 2nd largest Buddha sculpture in China (32 m), 45000 square metres of wallpaintings and 2000 painted clay sculptures.
	www.team-busch.com /rally/day/32.html (374 words)

	Dunhuang, the singing dunes, the Mogao Caves and the caves of the Thousand Buddhas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The caves containing wall paintings and painted sculptures are concentrated on the southern side.
		On the northern side there are only four caves with wall paintings and the remaining two to three hundred probably served to accommodate monks, priests painters and sculptors.
		The wall paintings of the Mogao Caves are the finest of all ancient Chinese murals.
	www.centralasiatourism.com /dunhuang.htm (923 words)

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