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| | Napoleon |
 | | Smolensk and Mogilev were occupied by the French and temporary administrations were set up; Kaluga remained under Russian control but was threatened by the proximity of the enemy and had to cope with the consequences of the invasion in neighbouring areas. |
 | | Mogilev is in Belorussia, which had once been part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and then part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and had been incorporated into the Russian Empire as a result of the first partition of Poland in 1772. |
 | | In Kaluga province a list was drawn up of all foreign residents - fifty-five in all, of which twenty-four were French (the others were German, English, Swiss, Danish, Dutch, Polish, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish and Italian - a reflection of the variety of foreign residents in a backwater like Kaluga). |
| www.napoleon.org /en/reading_room/articles/files/napoleon_russia_saviour_antichrist.asp (3287 words) |
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