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Topic: Mohamed Boudiaf

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	Mohamed Boudiaf
		Mohamed Boudiaf (1919-1992), also called Si Tayeb el Watani.
		Mohamed Boudiaf was recalled from self-imposed exile in Morocco to lead the new The National Consultative Council (Conseil Consultatif National) was conceived by head of state Mohamed Boudiaf in February 1992 as an ex-officer institution to fill the legislative vacuum and to validate HCE legislation.
		On June 29, 1992, head of state Mohamed Boudiaf was assassinated during a bublic speech at the opening of a cultural center in Annaba.
	www.awg.faithweb.com /en/history/personalite/boudiaf.html (238 words)

	engaffboudiaf
		Thus, Boudiaf chose a high officer of the DRS to head the mission, a close friend of general Saidi Fodil and a revolutionary of the first hour), he was colonel Mourad, famous in the DRS circles for dealing with the most sensitive cases of the services.
		Boudiaf had disturbed the structure of the Algerian Mafia and many heads were going to roll over, should the measures taken by the president were to be implemented.
		Mohamed Tighramt did not have the choice, fearing for his life, he did not hesitate at all to issue a statement refuting his resignation which was already announced by both the press and television.
	www.anp.org /affaireboudiaf/engaffboudiaf.html (5832 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Algeria - Return to Authoritarianism, January 11, 1992 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Former independence leader Mohamed Boudiaf was recalled from self-imposed exile in Morocco to lead the new HCE and serve as head of state.
		On June 29, 1992, head of state Mohamed Boudiaf was assassinated during a public speech at the opening of a cultural center in Annaba.
		The death of Boudiaf at the hands of a military officer illustrated the extent to which Algeria's political crisis transcended a simple contest for power between Islamists and military leaders or between religious and secular forces.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/algeria/115.php (1258 words)

	OilyThinkTanker: A freedom lesson taught by the Chiffa monkeys: 8th May 1945
		Mohamed Boudiaf was an honest man and fought hard for justice.
		Mohamed Boudiaf Alwatani was in effect calling the Algerians to fight.
		Boudiaf and President Boutiflika are to be commended for their work in bringing about peace and stability to Algeria.
	omarchaalal.blogspot.com /2005/05/freedom-lesson-taught-by-chiffa.html (746 words)

	The African contribution to the edification of the modern world
		A transition dominated by Islam: Algeria of which Mohamed Boudiaf is one of the heroes.
		Mohamed Boudiaf, Boudiaf was born in 1919 at M’Sila (South Constantine).
		Boudiaf’s membership card in the FLN was no. 1; he was a courier between Algeria and the exiled delegation in Cairo; he was arrested in October 1956.
	www.africansocieties.org /n3/eng_dic2002/memelfo.htm (3045 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Nationalism and resistance in Algeria
		Messali Hadj saw in the Viollette Plan a new "instrument of colonialism … to split the Algerian people by separating the elite from the masses." The components of the congress — the ulema, the FEI, and communists — were heartened by the proposal and gave it varying measures of support.
		Mohamed Bendjelloul and Abbas, as spokesmen for the évolués, who would have the most to gain from the measure, considered this plan a major step toward achieving their aims and redoubled their efforts through the liberal FEI to gain broad support for the policy of Algerian integration with France.
		Known as the chefs historiques (historical chiefs), the group's nine original leaders — Hocine Ait Ahmed, Mohamed Boudiaf, Belkacem Krim, Rabah Bitat, Larbi Ben M'Hidi, Mourad Didouch, Moustafa Ben Boulaid, Mohamed Khider, and Ben Bella — were considered the leaders of the Algerian War of Independence.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Nationalism_and_resistance_in_Algeria (3421 words)

	Mew
		On June 29, 1992, acting President Mohamed Boudiaf was gunned down by a security officer who reportedly confessed to having acted on religious motives.
		To justify its intervention, the regime claimed that ballot-tampering and intimidation of voters by fis supporters had marred the polling, a claim that was proven neither by the regime nor the Constitutional Council, the body authorized to investigate such allegations.
		It denied involvement in the assassination of President Boudiaf, as well as in the bomb explosion at the Algiers airport that killed nine on August 26.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1993/WR93/Mew-01.htm (3367 words)

	Mohamed Boudiaf -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Algerian political leader Mohamed Boudiaf was a founder of the revolutionary National Liberation Front (FLN) and a hero of the Algerian war of independence (1954–62).
		He broke with his former comrades-in-arms in the early 1960s, but he was unexpectedly recalled in 1992 after more than 27 years in exile to become Algeria's president.
		More results on "Mohamed Boudiaf" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9310324?&query=algerian (648 words)

	HISTORICAL FIGURES: Krim Belkacem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		On June 9, 1954, Krim met with Ben Boulaid in Algiers, then with Boudiaf and Didouche, who succeeded in convincing him of the necessity of a third force.
		Nine heads were appointed, thereafter to be known as "the Nine historical (chiefs)": Hocine Ait Ahmed, Rabah Bitat, Ahmed Ben Bella, Mustapha Ben Boulaid, L'arbi Ben M'hidi, Mohamed Boudiaf, Didouche Mourad, Mohamed Kheider, and Krim Belkacem.
		Krim, being the only one who founded an operational maquis and one of the "interiors" ("interiors" designates the leaders that actually fought the revolution from within the country), would have appeared to become the most noted of the personalities, but this was not to be the case.
	amazighworld.net /history/personalities/krim_belkacem.php (900 words)

	Algeria (02/07)
		On January 16, Mohamed Boudiaf, a hero of the Liberation War, returned after 28 years of exile to serve as Algeria's fourth president.
		Facing sporadic outbreaks of violence and terrorism, the security forces took control of the FIS offices in early February, and the High Council of State declared a state of emergency.
		On June 29, 1992, President Boudiaf was assassinated in Annaba in front of TV cameras by Army Lt. Lembarek Boumarafi, who allegedly confessed to carrying out the killing on behalf of the Islamists.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/8005.htm (5827 words)

	[No title]
		The National People’s Assembly was dissolved by presidential decree on 4 January 1992, and President Chadli was forced to resign on 11 January.
		[…] A High Council of State was set up on 14 January 1992, and Mohamed Boudiaf, one of the original FLN leaders, was chosen to head it.
		Boudiaf’s assassination on 29 June 1992 signalled the outbreak of civil war.
	www.idpproject.org /Sites/IdpprojectDb/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/1D75819479345C8FC1256E4200680B7B?OpenDocument (863 words)

	Algeria: Theocracy by Terrror? - Covertaction.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Boudiaf, considered the father of the Algerian Revolution, was giving a televised speech, and the killing was watched in disbelief by thousands of Algerians.
		Things were complicated then; Boudiaf spent a few years in prison and then managed to escape and take refuge in Morocco.
		As soon as Boudiaf returned to Algiers, in January 1992, he threw himself heart and soul into the effort to put the country back on track.
	www.covertaction.org /content/view/109/75 (8625 words)

	Operation Boudiaf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		was acquainted with this choice on the same night it was decided to join Boudiaf, who is well known to the French, since he was a former warrant officer in the French army, with a military medal and the war cross.
		As a big headed as he is, Boudiaf surprised every one by re-judging Belloucif (a former chief of staff put in trial in early 90’s) again; thus, he courageously challenged the Algiers barons and this after secret consultations with Kasdi Merbah (the former head of the secret services, killed in August 1993).
		: Mohamed Tighramy, in charge officially of this case ordered the continuation of the investigation by officers from the judiciary police and the national armed units and the reconstruction was scheduled for the first week of August 92.
	www.algeria-voice.org /Algeria/English/English4/hauptteil_english4.html (5817 words)

	Hacène Belmessous*
		A major figure in the war of independence, Mohamed Boudiaf was sidelined by each successive government for twenty-five years.
		Although he came to power through a well-ordered plan, he tried to legitimize it by being at one with the people and making sure that he was accountable to them.
		Either he could try to get around the military’s obstructionist tactics, in which case he would, at worst, run the risk of ending up like Mohamed Boudiaf, assassinated in the middle of a public meeting, or at best be rushed towards the exit, receving the same public humiliation as Liamine Zeroual.
	www.african-geopolitics.org /show.aspx?articleid=3064 (3481 words)

	[No title]
		During the PPA’s underground congress in Belcourt in 1947, he had already advocated for both the creation of a special organization in charge of the training of military officers and for a secret system to initiate and develop the armed struggle.
		Named to the leadership of the PPA, he was designated the head of the OS (the Special Organization) for two years, replacing Mohamed Belouizdad, who was suffering from tuberculosis.
		In 1956, Hocine Aït-Ahmed, along with Mohamed Boudiaf, Mohamed Khider, Ahmed Ben Bella and Mostefa Lacheref, was kidnapped when the colonial authorities hijacked the plane that was carrying them from Morocco to Tunis, where the Maghreb Peace Conference was to have been held.
	www.geocities.com /hocine_ait_ahmed/Biography.htm (1152 words)

	Magharebia.com Archive 2005-02-22
		A film inspired by the novel "Al-Khubz Al-Hafi" (For Bread Alone), the autobiography of the late Moroccan writer Mohamed Choukri, will be part of the Cannes International Film Festival from 11-22 May. The main role is played by Moroccan actor Said Taghmaoui.
		Such pages are organized in the form of a journal, making them a cross between a 'traditional' static website and a discussion forum.
		"A Healthy City for a Clean Environment" is Fez's new motto, announced Mohammed Moussa, regional director of the Autonomic Administration of Water and Electricity Distribution of Fez.
	www.magharebia.com /cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/date/2005-02-22 (986 words)

	CEMAT Hosts 19th Annual AIMS Conference: Growth of Cities in the Maghreb over Time
		The conference was marked by the application of new technologies to the presentation of papers on cities, with computerized maps, charts, and photos illustrating the papers themselves.
		Dalila Khiat-Senhadji (Architecture, Mohamed Boudiaf University, Oran) presented an engaging paper on how the expansion of colonial Oran can be traced through the organization of the Catholic Church and its hierarachy across the urban landscape.
		Moving on to Sousse and the burgeoning coastal region, Moez Bouraoui and several of his students and local officials presented the problems and prospects of a stunningly beautiful Tunisian landscape under the onslaught of mass tourism and the expansion of towns and cities through vacation homes and the general rise in wealth in modern Tunisia.
	www.caorc.org /news/highlights/cemat/cemat-2005-06-15.htm (886 words)

	Université Mohamed Boudiaf de M'sila - Review and Web Ranking
		Review and web popularity ranking of Université Mohamed Boudiaf de M'sila.
		Please visit the Université Mohamed Boudiaf de M'sila's website to make sure that the information provided are still up-to-date.
		Report errors about the Université Mohamed Boudiaf de M'sila review
	www.4icu.org /reviews/7765.htm (114 words)

	Algeria: Deteriorating human rights under the state of emergency
		On 26 December 1991 the first round of general elections, postponed from June 1991, was held and the FIS, which gained a majority of votes, seemed virtually certain to win the second round and to form the next government.
		The ensuing political crisis led to the resignation of President Benjedid and the appointment of a five-member HCE to run the country, led by President Mohamed Boudiaf.
		On 21 June 1992 President Boudiaf was assassinated in Annaba by a member of the security services.
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/algeria/document.do?id=1289C080E2146D90802569A600603114 (8430 words)

	Pravda.RU:Algeria between army and Islamists
		Under the threat of fundamentalists’ coming to power, commanders of the Algerian army resorted to radical measures.
		A High State Council headed by Mohamed Boudiaf was set up as political leadership of the country.
		After assassination of Mohamed Boudiaf in June 1992, veteran of the war for Algeria’s independence Ali Kafi becomes president of the country.
	newsfromrussia.com /main/2002/07/05/31869_.html (515 words)

	Ten years of conflict
		11-14 January 1992: President Chadli Bendjedid is forced to resign, and replaced by a State High Council (HCE) headed by Mohamed Boudiaf.
		The second round of the elections is cancelled, thus depriving the FIS of victory.
		29 June 1992: President Boudiaf assassinated and replaced by Ali Kafi at the head of the HCE.
	mondediplo.com /1999/09/05algeria (377 words)

	The case of the GIA: Afghansi out of theater
		Assassination of President Mohamed Boudiaf, on June 29, 1992, attributed to "Islamists" but widely believed to be the work of "mafia" elements within counterintelligence/military security.
		The group inside Algerian military intelligence (SM) known to manipulate the GIA is the group of "eradicators," hardliners who promote the eradication of all Islamists.
		After his death in 1987, his followers split into two groups; one led by Abdelkader Chebouti and Said Makloufi (formerly an FIS member), which became the MIA; and another, led by Mansouri Melliane, which were autonomous, nameless groups.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/1995/2241_gia.html (2607 words)

	Orascom Construction Industries - CSR at Algerian Cement Co.
		The trainees learn about the cement industry, basic technical knowledge and computer applications and receive hands-on specialist training in different production departments.
		Boudiaf University in M'sila under which their best engineering graduates would be given the opportunity to receive cement technology training, specialized equipment training and multi-skills development training over a one year period.
		A total of 12 candidates were chosen out of 80 graduates to participate in the initial CEDP.
	www.orascomci.com /index.php?id=acc039scsractivities2 (210 words)

	Algeria: 'Cheeky' cartoonist fined
		Cartoonist Ali Dilem was fined 10,000 dinars (240 euros) by an Algiers court on December 31 for his satirical take on the 1992 murder of president Mohamed Boudiaf and is the first conviction for 'insult' under a May 2001 amendment of the criminal code, which has been nicknamed the "Dilem Amendment."
		The ministry is also suing him for two other cartoons - one about a fund-raising Telethon on state television, and one about armed forces chief General Mohamed Lamari.
		The new article 144b of the criminal code provides for jail sentences of between two months and a year, as well as heavy fines, for any "affront to the president by abuse, insults or defamation." The penalties also apply if parliament or the army is considered to be the target.
	www.indexonline.org /en/indexindex/articles/2003/1/cheeky-cartoonist-fined.shtml (404 words)

	List of assassinated people (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mohamed Khemisti, (1963), foreign minister of Algeria, in Algiers by an unknown gunman
		Mohammed Daoud Khan, (1978), president of Afghanistan killed in communist coup
		Mohammed Najibullah, (1996), president of Afghanistan from 1986 to 1992, killed by the Taliban during the capture of Kabul
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/List-of-assassinated-people.htm (3650 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Algeria searches for a leader
		If speculation was rife over the reasons behind President Liamine Zeroual's sudden decision to step down from office, 21 months before the end of his term, it's no more.
		In a signed article published in the monthly Al-Jeish (The Army) last Monday, Lieutenant-General Mohamed Lamari, Algeria's chief of staff, announced his support for Zeroual's decision, clearly enhancing the widespread view about the military's desire to remove the president.
		Although Zeroual invited the political parties to nominate their candidates for the presidential elections in February, observers argue that Algeria's next president will be chosen from the military circle and will most likely be a retired general like Zeroual.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1998/396/re3.htm (723 words)

	29 June 1992 - Algerian head of state Mohamed Boudiaf assassinated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Algerian head of state, Mohamed Boudiaf, was assassinated by military officers during a public speech at the opening of a cultural center in Annaba.
		The incident demonstrated how the political crisis in Algeria was more than a simple contest for power between Islamists and military leaders or between religious and secular forces.
		Conflict between the Islamists and the military continued.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/chronology/thisday/1992-06-29.htm (135 words)

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