Mohammad Khatami's reforms

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Topic: Mohammad Khatami's reforms

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	Iran - President Mohammad Khatami
		If Khatami moves at all with reforms, it will be gradually.
		Khatami was born in 1943 to a fundamentalist cleric and highly vocal critic of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.
		Khatami is being hailed as "Ayatollah Gorbachev," but it remains to be seen what kind of reforming he can do.
	www.comebackalive.com /df/dplaces/iran/player7.htm (243 words)

	MOHAMMAD KHATAMI’S FIRST EVER PRESS CONFERENCE WAS A NON EVENT
		Khatami also rejected calls by some of his supporters that Friday's presidential elections should be tuned into a "referendum" on reforms.
		TEHRAN 5 June (IPS) Iranian embattled President Hojjatoleslam Mohammad Khatami’s first ever press conference since he took office four years ago became a flop, a non event, as he failed to answer voters expectations, thus deceiving many of his supporters inside and outside Iran.
		Khatami said the process of reform in Iranian society was "irreversible", but did not explain why he had always failed to raise his voice when so many journalists, politicians, clerics and other dissidents are jailed on totally fabricated charges or tens of independent newspapers are shut.
	www.iran-press-service.com /articles_2001/jun_2001/khatami_press_5601.htm (1198 words)

	USATODAY.com - Khatami admits democratic reforms have failed
		TEHRAN, Iran (AP) — Iran's embattled President Mohammad Khatami conceded Monday he had failed to implement his democratic reform program, claiming he had bowed to the will of supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and his hard-line allies to avoid riots and preserve the ruling Islamic establishment.
		Khatami has complained repeatedly that he was powerless to stop hard-liners who blocked reform legislation, detained pro-reform activists and shut down more than 100 liberal publications.
		Khatami has since been seen by many as an ineffective, lame-duck leader — but he said he chose not to boycott the elections to avoid violence.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2004-12-06-iran-khatami_x.htm (645 words)

	CNN.com - Voting begins in Iran; social, political reforms at stake - February 18, 2000
		Mohammad Reza Khatami, the president's brother and a front-running candidate in Tehran, predicts a two-thirds majority for reformists.
		Mohammad Reza Khatami said victory for reformers would accelerate improved ties to other national governments, including that of the United States.
		TEHRAN, Iran-- With more than 6,000 candidates to choose from, voters in Iran began casting ballots Friday in parliamentary elections that have become a referendum on President Mohammad Khatami's promise of reform.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/meast/02/18/iran.elections.01 (1028 words)

	IRVAJ English -
		Reza Khatami said unelected hard-liners account for 15% of the population but are stubbornly resisting the program of democratic reforms voted for in several free elections since 1997.
		Mohammad Reza Khatami, who is also the Iranian parliament's vice speaker and a younger brother of President Mohammad Khatami, said the view by hard-liners that Khamenei is above the law and answerable only to God was tantamount to dictatorship.
		"Hard-liners interpret the authority of the supreme leader as being above the law and not responsive to any legal elected bodies," Mohammad Reza Khatami, leader of the Islamic Iran Participation Front, told the annual meeting of his party.
	www.iranvajahan.net /cgi-bin/news.pl?l=en&y=2003&m=10&d=16&a=7 (557 words)

	"Khatami may quit if hard-liners block changes"
		Iran's courts have been one of the main obstacles to Khatami's reforms.
		President Khatami launched a parliamentary bid Tuesday to boost his limited powers, demanding authority to overturn rulings by the conservative-controlled judiciary that he deems run contrary to the constitution.
		A bill introduced on Khatami's behalf to the reformist-dominated assembly to empower his reform agenda in the face of opposition from powerful hardliners also called for offenders in the judiciary to be suspended from office, according to a text obtained by AFP.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/756576/posts (752 words)

	Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) - memri.de
		Two prominent figures in the reformist camp, Mohammad Reza Khatami, the brother of President Mohammad Khatami, and IIPF Secretary-General, Majlis member, and IIPF Central Committee member 'Abbas 'Abdi, declared that if reforms were not implemented the reformists would resign from the Majlis, where they constitute a majority.
		Mohammad Reza Khatami elaborated on the Majlis's functioning, saying, "The least that the Majlis has done is block undemocratic moves, which in itself is a great accomplishment."
		The will of Imam [Khomeini] did not ban the participation of the Revolutionary Guards in political debates."(22) Islamic Coalition Society Secretary General Habibollah Askaroladi conducted a [public] correspondence with Mohammad Reza Khatami, the brother of President Mohammad Khatami, and IIPF Secretary-General, following the latter's threat to resign.
	www.memri.de /uebersetzungen_analysen/laender/iran/iran_reform_struggle_20_11_02.html (2657 words)

	CRUCIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN STARTS AMIDST NATIONALIST SLOGANS
		Without a veto to override the legislature, Khatami has been hamstrung by the conservatives in parliament and needs control of the legislature to make rapid progress with his reforms.
		"Iran for all Iranians" is the slogan of the Islamic Iran's Participation Party (IIPP) that supports President Mohammad Khatami and is led by his younger brother, Dr Mohammad Reza Khatami, 40, endorsed by the leading pro-reform organisations.
		Khatami is seconded by another Doctor, Ali Reza Nouri, the 36 years old brother of hojatoleslam Abdollah Nouri, the former Interior Minister and publisher of the banned daily "Khordad', jailed late last year on order of ayatollah Ali Khameneh'i, the lamed and badly embattled leader of the Islamic regime.
	www.iran-press-service.com /articles/election_campaign_10200.htm (527 words)

	The Iranian: News & Views
		But they revere their respective brothers -- the moderate president, Mohammad Khatami whose reforms have been hampered at every step by a conservative parliament, and the former interior minister, Abdollah Nuri, now in jail for "anti-Islamic propaganda," and idol of all those who want to "get things moving" in Iran.
		Mohammad-Reza Khatami, 40, and Ali-Reza Nuri, 36, have made their own careers -- both are doctors -- far from the political arena, where they are still novices.
		Both Nuri and Khatami are in no doubt as to what is at stake in the election.
	www.iranian.com /News/2000/January/candidates.html (542 words)

	Iran's Nobel winner shrugs off warnings, says fight for Democracy goes on
		Vice President Mohammad Ali Abtahi accused the media of "distorting" Khatami's comments, while no less than three vice presidents were sent to greet Ebadi at the airport as she stepped off an Iran Air Boeing 747.
		Since she was awarded the prize, Ebadi has criticised the slow pace of reforms under Khatami -- who has been increasingly silent on key problems facing the Islamic republic and the blocking of his reforms by powerful conservatives in the judiciary and legislative vetting bodies.
		"I think she won the prize for politically motivated reasons," Mohammad Javad Larijani, a deputy head of the judiciary and influential conservative, was quoted as saying by several Iranian newspapers.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1001834/posts (542 words)

	FarsiNet News - News related to Iran, Iranians and Persians - December 2000
		Hard-liners opposing President Mohammad Khatami's policy of detente with the West are now softening their stance and even calling for dialogue with the United States.
		Khatami, who was addressing an estimated 10,000 students at Tehran's Tarbiat-e-Modarres University on Iran's annual student day, said the reforms were a new experience for Iran and that the country was still in the process of learning to respect opposing viewpoints and experiencing democracy within an Islamic framework.
		TEHRAN, Iran (AP) -- Iran's moderate President Mohammad Khatami on Wednesday urged thousands of students not to lose hope in the reform movement he launched when he took power in 1997.
	www.farsinet.com /news/dec2000wk2.html (542 words)

	RTE News - Five kidnapped from Iranian hotel
		Ayatollah Mahmoud Hashemi, will replace Ayatollah Mohammad Yazdi, an outspoken critic of President Khatami's liberal reforms.
		The incident comes only a day after Iran's President, Mohammad Khatami, ordered an investigation into the harrassment of foreign tourists, especially women, who visited the country for last week's solar eclipse.
		Yazdi's resignation was a main demand in a series by pro-reform students in last month's riots.
	www.rte.ie /news/1999/0815/kidnap.html (542 words)

	BBC News Middle East Iran's president confronts judges
		Iran's reformist President Mohammad Khatami has called for judges to respect individuals' human rights and urged major reforms in the judiciary.
		Among those gathered to hear the president was the ultra-conservative head of the judiciary, Ayatollah Mohammad Yazdi, who is strongly opposed to the liberal views of the president.
		Mr Khatami stressed the need to safeguard the rights of defendants and to ensure trial by jury.
	news2.thdo.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/middle_east/379380.stm (542 words)

	Online NewsHour: Governing Iran
		(Ali) Mohammad Khatami-Ardakani is elected to the presidency in a landslide victory amidst his pledges of political and social reforms as well as economic revitalization.
		Pro-reform candidates and allies of President Khatami win 189 of the 290 seats in parliament, setting the stage for reformers to control the legislature for the first time since the 1979 Islamic revolution.
		Reza Khan, a military officer in Persia's Cossack Brigade, names himself shah of Persia after successfully staging a coup against the government of the Qajar Dynasty.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/middle_east/iran/history.html (542 words)

	Online NewsHour: Governing Iran Key Events in Iran Since 1921 PBS
		(Ali) Mohammad Khatami-Ardakani is elected to the presidency in a landslide victory amidst his pledges of political and social reforms as well as economic revitalization.
		Pro-reform candidates and allies of President Khatami win 189 of the 290 seats in parliament, setting the stage for reformers to control the legislature for the first time since the 1979 Islamic revolution.
		Reza Khan, a military officer in Persia's Cossack Brigade, names himself shah of Persia after successfully staging a coup against the government of the Qajar Dynasty.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/middle_east/iran/history.html (968 words)

	ind99b_iran_ca.htm
		Former head, Ayatollah Mohammad Yazdi, was a staunch conservative and critic of Khatami's reforms.
		A spate of disappearances in late 1998 also included prominent writers and intellectuals, with Mohammad Mokhtari and Mohammad Jafar Pouyandeh later found dead.
		The case of Mohammad Ali Ghasemi from Teheran was also publicised in late 1997.
	www.asylumlaw.org /docs/iran/ind99b_iran_ca.htm (968 words)

	BBC News MIDDLE EAST Profile: Mohammad Khatami
		Though the political and social reforms he proposes for Iran are far reaching, and in some ways revolutionary, Mr Khatami has no interest in destabilising the state and wants to see change without bloodshed.
		Khatami's discourse of civil society, democracy, transparency, rule of law, and all this - which were quite absent in the 1980s - became dominant concepts, so that even certain segments of the conservatives tried to speak a similar language," Iranian sociologist Asef Bayat argues.
		Khatami's discourse of civil society, democracy, transparency, rule of law, and all this - which were quite absent in the 1980s - became dominant concepts, so that even certain segments of the conservatives tried to speak a similar language
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/middle_east/newsid_1373000/1373476.stm (968 words)

	TEHRAN, April 29 (Reuters) - Iran's President Mohammad Khatami
		Observers said since he became president two years ago, that was the first time the ayatollah Mohammad Khatami was speaking so clearly about his perception of the velayat faqih, or the rule of tutor, which is the basic principle of the Iranian system.
		Mohammad Atrianfar, the Editor of "Hamshahri" daily were elected as chairman, vice-chairman, secretaries and commissioner of the council.
		Mohammad Sadeq Javadi-Hesar, a prominent liberal journalist based in the north eastern city of Mash-had.
	www.iran-press-service.com /articles/confrontation_2949900.html (968 words)

	A short history of Iran
		The moderate leader (Ali) Mohammad Khatami-Ardakani is elected president in 1997 with an overwhelming majority and re-elected in 2001.
		In 1961 he initiates a series of economic, social and administrative reforms that became known as the Shah's White Revolution.
		The conqueror Nadir Shah and his successors are followed by the Zand dynasty, founded by Karim Kahn, and later the Qajar (1795-1925) dynasty.
	www.electionworld.org /history/iran.htm (641 words)

	Evening Sun Online - FRONT PAGE NEWS
		Moin, the leading reformist candidate, could be hurt by a boycott led by students who are disillusioned about the prospect of change and angry with Khatami's failure to bring about reform.
		But they share one trait: seeking to become the first non-cleric president since Mohammad Ali Rajai was assassinated in 1981.
		Hard-line clerics loyal to supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei have broad powers over Iran's elected leaders and thwarted many of the reforms attempted by the outgoing president.
	www.eveningsun.com /Stories/0,1413,140~9954~2926167,00.html (829 words)

	ABS-CBN Interactive
		Its outcome will likely determine whether outgoing President Mohammad Khatami's cautious domestic reforms and foreign policy of detente continue or grind to a halt.
		Close Rafsanjani aide Mohammad Atrianfar predicted victory provided voter turnout was above 21 million.
		The vote, enlivened by charges of fraud and acerbic smear campaigns, has exposed deep class divisions in Iranian society and sparked heated rows among the Islamic state's top clerics.
	www.abs-cbnnews.com /storypage.aspx?StoryId=8587 (829 words)

	Khatami and his Internal Reforms (Rooz Online)
		Mohammad Ali Abtahi used to be President Khatami’s Chief of Staff and then his Parliamentary Deputy.
		Abtahi: Khatami was left as the only reform voice in the cabinet.
		Abtahi: I do not agree with the way the elections were held and their results, but this does not mean the reformist idea which pursued personal and political freedoms should be discarded.
	roozonline.com /11english/008864.shtml (1146 words)

	ECSSR - Featured Topics
		Many experts initially predicted an easy Rafsanjani win, as Rafsanjani presented himself as a classic insider who could succeed where reformist President Mohammad Khatami had failed—in pushing through sweeping domestic reforms.
		Ahmadinejad becomes the first non-cleric since Mohammad Ali Rajai held that office for one month, until his death at the hands of a bomb blast at the prime ministerial office in August 1981.
		It was widely believed that the three hardliners in the first round—Ali Larijani, Mohammad Qalibaf, and Ahmadinejad—would split the hardline vote and falter collectively.
	www.ecssr.ac.ae /CDA/en/FeaturedTopics/DisplayTopic/0,1670,405,00.html (1365 words)

	CBC News: Runoff likely in Iran vote
		Many are disillusioned and upset that outgoing President Mohammad Khatami failed to bring about enough reforms.
		Second place is expected to be a contest between former culture minister Mostafa Moin, the leading reformist candidate, and former police chief Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf, 44, the conservative candidate.
		If either does end up winning, he would become the first non-cleric president since Mohammad Ali Rajai was assassinated in 1981.
	www.cbc.ca /story/world/national/2005/06/17/iran-election050617.html?ref=rss (431 words)

	Iran oil minister urges MPs to approve fuel price
		Newspapers on Wednesday quoted Zanganeh as saying that President Mohammad Khatami's government had sought an annual 26-percent rise in the prices of fuel, gas and electricity under a five-year economic plan, due to begin in March 2000.
		Influential conservative MP Mohammad Reza Bahonar said last week that the government had originally sought a 34-percent annual rise in petrol prices, but parliament wanted it raised by 20-25 percent.
		The ambitious plan, seeking to ease state subsidies as part of gradual market reforms, is being debated by the parliament.
	www.iraniantrade.org /_NewsUpdates/000003c7.htm (431 words)

	Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) - memri.de
		Two prominent figures in the reformist camp, Mohammad Reza Khatami, the brother of President Mohammad Khatami, and IIPF Secretary-General, Majlis member, and IIPF Central Committee member 'Abbas 'Abdi, declared that if reforms were not implemented the reformists would resign from the Majlis, where they constitute a majority.
		The will of Imam [Khomeini] did not ban the participation of the Revolutionary Guards in political debates."(22) Islamic Coalition Society Secretary General Habibollah Askaroladi conducted a [public] correspondence with Mohammad Reza Khatami, the brother of President Mohammad Khatami, and IIPF Secretary-General, following the latter's threat to resign.
		At the conclusion of the IIPF's Third Congress in July 2002, 'Abbas 'Abdi reviewed Iran's current crises.
	www.memri.de /uebersetzungen_analysen/laender/iran/iran_reform_struggle_20_11_02.html (431 words)

	IranExpert:Iran's Largest Reform Party: Dictatorship Biggest Hurdle
		The younger Khatami said Iran's Islamic rulers have failed to fulfill the promises made to the nation during the 1979 Islamic revolution that toppled the pro-U.S. Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
		Mohammad Reza Khatami, who is also the Iranian parliament's vice speaker and a younger brother of President Mohammad Khatami, spoke at a gathering marking the fifth anniversary of the establishment of his party, the Islamic Iran Participation Front.
		For years, Iran has been embroiled in a power struggle between elected reformers supporting the president's program of peaceful democratic reforms and hard-liners resisting them through the powerful but unelected bodies they control, including the Guardian Council and judiciary.
	www.iranexpert.com /2003/reformparty1december.htm (443 words)

	Asia Times
		Thus, whereas the popular movement demanded a radical change, ie, the replacement of the religious regime with a secular democratic one, Khatami and his faction in totality advocated limited reforms of the existing theocracy to ensure its survival.
		Hence, the landslide election as president of Mohammad Khatami did not begin the Iranian democratic movement.
		However, the clear decline in Khatami's enthusiasm for meaningful reforms in 1998 initiated a process of split between the Khatami's reformist faction and the popular pro-democracy movement.
	atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/EE29Ak03.html (1252 words)

	IRAN: A WARNING AGAINST �DICTATORIAL DRIFT�
		Reformist President Mohammad Khatami made an impassioned plea for the rights of Iranians to be protected against a possible “dictatorial drift” by powerful non-elected bodies, which are largely dominated by religious conservatives.
		President Mohammad Khatami leaving Parliament after his address: �If one is to worry about the risk of a dictatorial drift, one must look to the institutions which have the power to violate the Constitution�
		Khatami launched into a defense of his reforms, which have been stymied by conservatives in the Islamic Republic since his first overwhelming victory in elections five years ago after presenting an economic report to Parliament, which is mostly made up of reformers.
	www.mmorning.com /article.asp?Article=4645&CategoryID=2 (1252 words)

	Description of Selected News
		kawamura, in a meeting with members of the west azarbaijan chamber of commerce, lauded president mohammad khatami's domestic economic reforms centered on reducing taxes in the industrial sector, stabilizing forex rates and securing amendments to the foreign investment law.
		Kawamura, in a meeting with members of the West Azarbaijan Chamber of Commerce, lauded President Mohammad Khatami's domestic economic reforms centered on reducing taxes in the industrial sector, stabilizing forex rates and securing amendments to the foreign investment law.
		for his part, the president of the chamber of commerce, mines and industries of west azarbaijan, hassan entezar, called for strengthening of bilateral relations between iran and japan.
	www.tehrantimes.com /archives/Description.asp?Da=9/17/02&Cat=9&Num=7 (443 words)

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Topic: Mohammad Khatami's reforms

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