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Topic: Mohammad Nadir Shah

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In the News (Fri 17 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	The Pakhtu/Pashto Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Pir Sabir Shah, the spiritual guide of the time, showered his praise for the young Ahmad Shah by declaring him Dar-e-Durran (pearl of the pearls) not because that he was a military giant but for his humanity a definite quality of statesman.
		Even before the death of the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah, tribes in the Hindu Kush had been growing stronger and were beginning to take advantage of the waning power of their distant rulers.
		One of Ahmad Shah's first acts as chief was to adopt the title "Durr-i-Durrani" ("pearl of pearls" or "pearl of the age"), which may have come from a dream or from the pearl earrings worn by the royal guard of Nadir Shah.
	www.pakhtun.com /ahmadShah.htm (2818 words)

	Afghanistan Country Study
		From the death of Nadir Shah in 1747 until the communist coup of April 1978, Afghanistan was governed-at least nominally-by Pashtun rulers of the Abdali tribe.
		Even before the death of Nadir Shah, the tribes of the Hindu Kush area had been growing stronger and were beginning to take advantage of the waning power of their distant rulers.
		When Nadir Shah, who had become vicious and capricious in his later years, was killed by a group of dissident officers, Ahmad and some 4,000 of his cavalrymen escaped with the treasury Nadir Shah always carried with him for payments and bribes en route.
	www.gl.iit.edu /govdocs/afghanistan/AhmedShahDurranni.html (4715 words)

	Ahmad Shah Baba And The Durrani Empire
		rom Nadir Shah's death in 1747 until the communist coup of April 1978, Afghanistan was governed--at least nominally--by Pashtun rulers from the Abdali group of clans.
		Even before the death of Nadir Shah, tribes in the Hindu Kush had been growing stronger and were beginning to take advantage of the waning power of their distant rulers.
		ne of Ahmad Shah's first acts as chief was to adopt the title "Durr-i-Durrani" ("pearl of pearls" or "pearl of the age"), which may have come from a dream or from the pearl earrings worn by the royal guard of Nadir Shah.
	www.zmong-afghanistan.com /ahmad_durrani.asp (1616 words)

	Afghanistan Muhammad Nadir Shah, 1929-33 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Nadir Shah named a ten-member cabinet, consisting mostly of members of hisfamily, and in September 1930 he called into session a loya jirgah of 286 whichconfirmed his accession to the throne.
		Nadir Shah's brief four year reign ended violently, but he neverthelessaccomplished a feat of which his great-great-uncle, Dost Mohammad, would havebeen proud: he reunited a fragmented Afghanistan.
		Nadir Shah was assassinated in1933 by a young man whose family had been feuding with the king since hisaccession to power.
	www.country-studies.com /afghanistan/muhammad-nadir-shah,-1929-33.html (320 words)

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Mohammad Zahir Shah
		The son of King Nadir Shah of Afghanistan, Muhammad Zahir Shah was born on October 15, 1914, in the capital city of Kabul.
		The PDPA was comprised of a small group of men, followers of Noor Mohammad Taraki and Babrak Karmal, both avowed Marxist-Leninists with a pro-Moscow orientation.
		The Constitutional Loya Jirga declared Zahir Shah Father of the Nation and was to live in his palace thereafter.
	www.afghanland.com /history/zahir.html (897 words)

	History of Afghanistan
		Nadir Shah named a ten-member cabinet, consisting mostly of members of his family, and in September 1930 he called into session a loya jirga of 286 which confirmed his accession to the throne.
		Although Nadir Shah placated religious factions with a constitutional emphasis on orthodox denominational principles, he also took steps to modernize Afghanistan in material ways, although far less obtrusively than his cousin Amanullah.
		Nadir Shah was assassinated in 1933 by a young man whose family had been feuding with the king since his accession to power.
	www.afghanan.net /afghanistan/nadirshah.htm (507 words)

	Arash.com
		Shah Tahmasb II's victories were achieved by his general Nadir Khouli (1736-1747), and when he attempted to lead an army himself against the Turks he lost large tracts of land to them within a month.
		Nadir returned to Isfahan, took Tahmasb prisoner and exiled him to Khorasan, placing Tahmasb's eight month old son on the throne, investing him with the title of Abbas III (1729-1736), and assumed the regency.
		Nadir Shah is thought to be responsible for commissioning the large paintings which hang on the Western wall of the palace of Chehel Sotoon.
	www.arash.com /iran/history/sub.asp?id=22 (588 words)

	Afghanistan Country Study
		Nadir Shah named a 10-man cabinet, consisting mostly of members of his family, and in September 1930 he called into session a Loya Jirgah of 286 men to confirm his accession to the throne.
		Nadir Shah's reign was brief and ended in violence, but he accomplished a feat of which his illustrious great-great-uncle, Dost Mohammad, would have been proud: He reunited a fragmented Afghanistan.
		Nadir Shah fell prey to assassination by a young man whose family had been carrying on a feud with the king since his accession to power.
	www.gl.iit.edu /govdocs/afghanistan/KingMuhammadNadirShah.html (570 words)

	Amanulla Khan: Betrayal of Nadir Khan
		Sardar Mohammad Sulaiman Khan, who was a soldier in the mounted unit of the British army, received the position of military attaché; Sardar Fatih Mohammad Khan Zikria became the magistrate and Sardar Mohammad Aziz Khan was appointed as cultural attaché.
		Nadir, who was in charge of the running of the plan against Amanullah Khan, because of the dismissing of his brother got angry and pretended that he was sick, and resigned.
		Shah Mahmud Khan was in an important position, Governor of Mashriqi (Eastern Provinces), and was able to prepare easily the contact with the interior provinces as well as with the free frontier people.
	afghana.com /SocietyAndCulture/amanula.htm (16105 words)

	Muhammad Gul Khan Mohmand :: Khyber.ORG
		It was because of the important role that Mohammad Gul Momand played in the revolt that Nadir Shah assigned him the responsibility of Interior Minister in his cabinet.
		Mohammad Usman Khan Barakzai was selected as its first head and a committee under Mohammad Gul Momand (known to his countrymen, Pashtoon Baba) worked out the guidelines and objectives of the organisation.
		Zahir Shah, in the midst of his busy schedule, spent the whole day at the fatheha and delivered a speech and paid homage to the great man, calling him his guide and savior of the Afghan nation and land.
	www.khyber.org /people/literary/MuhammadGulKhanMohmand.shtml (1041 words)

	well come to Tameem “rlung” home page - ﺪﻴﺪﻤﺁﺶﻮﺧ you can send ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		AHMAD SHAH, the founder of the Durrani monarchy, rose from the mere character of a partisan, to a distinguished command in the service of the Persian conqueror; Nadir Shah.
		Ahmad Shah and his brother, whose tribe were at feud with the Ghalzis, owed their freedom to Nadir Shah who in the year A.D. 1736-37, laid siege to Kandahar, which he captured.
		In the spring of 1761, Ahmad Shah, returned to Kabul; and from that period, up to the spring of 1773, was actively employed against foreign and domestic foes; but at that time his health, which had been long declining, continued to get worse, and pre-vented his engaging in any foreign expeditions.
	maxpages.com /tameemrlung/Ahmad_shah_Baba - !http://maxpages.com/tameemrlung/Ahmad_shah_Baba (1311 words)

	The Soviet-Afghan War
		Dost Mohammad was the leader of the unified forces of the Afghan government in their common armed conflict and victory over the aggressor.
		General Mohammad Nadir Shah, the former Minister of War, was crowned king and established a new ruling dynasty.
		Mohammad Daoud headed the new government, but he was unable to bring stability to the country.
	www.kansaspress.ku.edu /grasovintroduction.html (6005 words)

	Reza Shah Pahlavi - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Pahlavi, Reza Shah (1877-1944), shah of Iran (1925-41), born in Savad Kouh, Māzandarān Province.
		Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza Shah (1919-1980), shah (king) of Iran (1941-1979), whose programs of modernization and Westernization, combined with his...
		The continuing political strife in Iran alarmed many nationalists, including Reza Khan (later Reza Shah Pahlavi), an officer in Iran’s only military...
	encarta.msn.com /Reza_Shah_Pahlavi.html (115 words)

	Untitled Document
		Mohammad Zaher Shah, 87, a symbol of nation's 'golden age,' is returning from exile.
		His aversion to the news media--he declined to be interviewed for this article--dates to a 1991 attack by a dagger-wielding man posing as a Portuguese journalist.
		Daoud abolished the monarchy, and Zaher Shah renounced the throne to avoid harm to 20 captured relatives.
	home1.gte.net /eskandar/zahirshahspeaks.html (2072 words)

	Afghan polls: first in country's history -DAWN - International; 09 October, 2004
		General Nadir Shah declared himself king but lasted just four years before being assassinated in Nov 1933 and his son Mohammad Zahir Shah, aged just 16, came to power.
		In September 1953, Shah's cousin Mohammad Daoud Khan was appointed as prime minister by the royal family council.
		Mohammad Yussuf was named prime minister in 1963, ushering in the so-called "constitutional" period when a regime approaching democracy was put in place.
	www.dawn.com /2004/10/09/int1.htm (438 words)

	frontline: teacher center: teachers guide: roots of terrorism\| PBS
		Afghanistan's last king, Mohammad Zahir Shah, took the throne at the age of 18 after his father, Mohammad Nadir Shah, was assassinated.
		Under the leadership of Muhammad Daoud, Zahir Shah's cousin and prime minister (1953-1963), Afghanistan pursued closer relations with the Soviet Union (in response to closer U.S. ties with Pakistan) and adopted modernist reforms in the cities, most notably allowing women to drop the chaderi (veil, also known as the burqa) in 1959.
		In 1964 Zahir Shah announced a new constitution that paved the way for democracy in Afghanistan at a time when virtually all the other countries in the Islamic world were struggling under authoritarian governments.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/afghanistan/timeline.html (1896 words)

	Afghanistan MUHAMMAD NADIR SHAH, 1929-33 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Nadir Shah named a ten-member cabinet, consisting mostly of members of his family, and in September 1930 he called into session a loya jirgah of 286 which confirmed his accession to the throne.
		Despite its appearance as a constitutional monarchy, the document officially instituted a royal oligarchy, and popular participation was merely an illusion.
		Nadir Shah's brief four year reign ended violently, but he nevertheless accomplished a feat of which his great-great-uncle, Dost Mohammad, would have been proud: he reunited a fragmented Afghanistan.
	www.workmall.com /wfb2001/afghanistan/afghanistan_history_muhammad_nadir_shah_1929_33.html (396 words)

	Ismailis of Afghanistan - By Mumtaz Ali Tajjdin - Kayan
		Habibullah Khan was killed in 1919 and was succeeded by his son, Amanullah (1919-1929), who issued orders that all the exiled people of his father and grandfather could freely return to their homeland, and also issued a decree of delivery of the properties that had been seized from them.
		Sayed Nadir Khan (1900-1971) had a wide and intensive struggle against his brother’s son, Shuja Khan, who claimed that he was a true heir of his father.
		Sayed Nadir Khan was on very intimate terms with the ruling government of General Mohammad Nadir Shah and his son Mohammad Zahir Shah (1929-1973) and also other ruling classes.
	www.ismaili.net /Source/mumtaz/behsud/kayan.html (2058 words)

	Famous
		Pahlavi, Muhammad Reza Shah (1919-1980), shah of Iran (1941-1979), whose White Revolution of rapid modern development, combined with grandiose military build-up and dictatorial rule, eventually led to his downfall.
		Muhammad Reza Pahlavi was born in Tehran on October 26, 1919, the son of Reza Shah Pahlavi, and was educated in Switzerland and at the Tehran Military College.
		He became shah in 1941, when the Allies of World War II forced the abdication of his father.
	www.hekmat.net /iran/famous.htm (353 words)

	A short history of Iran
		The conqueror Nadir Shah and his successors are followed by the Zand dynasty, founded by Karim Kahn, and later the Qajar (1795-1925) dynasty.
		A a nationalist uprising against the shah (who remains in power) in 1905 leads to the granting of a limited constitution in 1906 and a parliament in 1907.
		The moderate leader (Ali) Mohammad Khatami-Ardakani is elected president in 1997 with an overwhelming majority and re-elected in 2001.
	www.electionworld.org /history/iran.htm (641 words)

	Afghanistan October 1929 - 1931 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		According to Baert 2001, Nadir Khan was proclaimed King Mohammad Nadir Shah and signed the Constitution of 31 October 1931.
		Nadir Shah kept Amanullah's vertical triband but reestablished the former, Ottoman-like arms, considering that Amanullah's arms were too progressist.
		The image in Baert 2001 is white and red, and the background of the oval surrounding the mosque is shown in red.
	www.fotw.net /flags/af1929o.html (115 words)

	Teaching Materials for The Kite Runner
		Mohammad Zahir, born in 1914, was the king of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973.
		Despite the fact that Mohammad Zahir was the king, his uncles (Mohammad Hashim, and Shah Mahmud) were the ones ruling the country for many years.
		Shah first visits Afghanistan in 1986 as a war correspondent at the age of 21 and later returns as the documentary producer of Beneath the Veil, an expose of life under the Taliban that predated the national interest in the embattled country
	www.onlib.org /website/reading/cnyreads/kite_runner/teaching.htm (3012 words)

	Kabul, Afghanistan
		Nadir Shah of Persia captured it in 1738.
		In 1772, his son Timur Shah inherited power and made Kabul the capital, even as their empire began to crumble.
		Cultural sites include a very good museum, Babur's tomb and gardens, the mausoleum of Mohammad Nadir Shah, the Minar-i-Istiklal (column of independence) built in 1919 after the Third Afghan War, the tomb of Timur Shah, and some important mosques.
	www.creekin.net /c1076-n1-kabul-afghanistan.html (1254 words)

	Zahir Shah - The King with 40 years of rule
		Shah, Nadir Shan's son and successor, became Afghanistan's final king.
		hree of the four Musahiban brothers survived Nadir Shah's death, and went on to exercise decisive influence over decision making during Zahir Shah's first twenty years of reign.
		hortly before the end of the war, Shah Mahmud replaced his older brother as prime minister, ushering in a period of great change in both internal and external policies.
	www.zmong-afghanistan.com /zahir.asp (424 words)

	Afghanistan Online: Biography (Mohammad Nadir Shah)
		Mohammad Nadir was the king of Afghanistan from 1929 until he was assassinated in 1933.
		Soon after that, because of disagreements with King Amanullah, Mohammad Nadir left Afghanistan to live in exile in France.
		Nadir pinned ethnic groups against one another, (Tajiks and Pashtuns), raped, destroyed, and pillaged the Shamali area to the north of Kabul.
	www.afghan-web.com /bios/yest/nadir.html (211 words)

	Ahmad Shah Durrani
		In October 1747 elected King (Shah) of Afghanistan by an assembly of Pashtun chiefs
		He led a contingent of his tribesmen in the service of Nadir Shah, king of Persia, who won control of most of Afghanistan and part of India.
		Ahmad Shah died of a natural death in April 1772.
	www.afghan-network.net /Ahmad_Shah (383 words)

	Afghanistan - MOHAMMAD ZAHIR SHAH, 1933-73
		Zahir Shah, Nadir Shan's son and successor, became Afghanistan's final king.
		Three of the four Musahiban brothers survived Nadir Shah's death, and went on to exercise decisive influence over decision making during Zahir Shah's first twenty years of reign.
		Shortly before the end of the war, Shah Mahmud replaced his older brother as prime minister, ushering in a period of great change in both internal and external policies.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-22.html (416 words)

	BBC News \| SOUTH ASIA \| Ex-king visits father's tomb
		The 87-year-old former monarch was accompanied by the Afghan interim leader, Hamid Karzai, on his visit to the tomb on a hill overlooking the capital, Kabul.
		Zahir Shah was helped slowly up the steps to his father's mausoleum by his son Mohammad.
		His father, Mohammad Nadir Shah, was assassinated before his own eyes in 1933.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/south_asia/1939904.stm (381 words)

	Post-Ghaznavid Period of Pakistan
		When, at the death of Mohammad Ghori, Qutubuddin Aibak succeeded him in 1206, Naseruddin Qubacha, Governor of Pakistan did not consider himself or his country (Pakistan) subservient to Delhi.
		In 1739 Nadir Shah attacked India and after defeating the Mughal Emperor Mohammed Shah (Rangeela) claimed Punjab (from Lahore westward), N.W.F.P., Baluchistan and Sind as provinces of his Empire.
		On the death of Nader Shah one of his generals, Ahmed Shah Abdali estabished the kingdom of Afghanistan in 1747 and made Pakistan part of his newly created state, not only de jure but de facto.
	www.geocities.com /pak_history/postghaznavid.html (550 words)

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