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	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Dr Najibullah Ahmadzai
		Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai was the fourth President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
		Najibullah (meaning "Honored of God") was born in August 1947 to a moderately prosperous family belonging to the Pushtun Ahmadzai sub-tribe of the Ghilzai.
		Najibullah sought sanctuary in the UN compound in Kabul.
	www.afghanland.com /history/najib.html (511 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Najibullah began studying medicine at Kabul University in 1964 and received his medical degree in 1975, but he never practiced medicine.
		Najibullah was made head of the secret police and became known for his brutality and ruthlessness.
		As president, Najibullah attempted to gain support by relaxing his strict control, but he was widely despised and was finally forced from office by the Islamic rebels.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Personailities.NajibullahMohammad.shtm (225 words)

	Mohammad Najibullah - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mohammad Najibullah (1947–September 27, 1996) was the fourth President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
		Najibullah was born in Kabul of a Ahmadzai Ghilzai Pashtun family.
		Najibullah tried to flee Kabul, but his departure was blocked by Abdul Rashid Dostum.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Mohammad_Najibullah (289 words)

	Mohammad Najibullah
		Mohammad Najibullah (1947–September 27, 1996) was the fourth and last President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
		Najibullah's achievements as a mediator between factions, an effective diplomat, a clever foe, a resourceful administrator and a brilliant spokesman who coped with constant and changing turmoil throughout his six years as head of government, qualified him as a leader among Afghans.
		Mullah Mohammad Rabbani, designated Head of the Supreme Council in Kabul, proclaimed that Najibullah had being sentenced to death by the Taliban because he was a communist and a murderer.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/mohammad_najibullah.html (1656 words)

	Mohammad Najibullah Summary
		Mohammad Najibullah (1947-1996) ruled the Republic of Afghanistan from May 4, 1986, until April 15, 1992, spanning a period during which control of the country by the former Soviet Union waned and one of the cold war's final proxy conflicts became, once again, a civil war.
		Mohammad Najibullah (1947–September 27, 1996) was the fourth and last President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
		Najibullah was born in Kabul of an Ahmadzai Ghilzai Pashtun family.
	www.bookrags.com /Mohammad_Najibullah (2936 words)

	Afghanistan timeline 1986-1990
		His successor, Mohammad Najibullah, was formerly head of Khad, the country's secret police, and more recently took charge of security.
		Najibullah ousts the remaining supporters of former president Karmal from the Central Committee and the Politburo of the PDPA.
		Three days after the Soviet pullout Najibullah declares a state of emergency, and on February 19 he replaces seven members of his cabinet who do not belong to the governing PDPA with party members, a move aimed at consolidating the party's powers.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/a/af/afghanistan_timeline_1986_1990.html (2927 words)

	[Mohammad Najibullah] \| [All the best Mohammad Najibullah resources at karaoke.velocityincome.com] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mohammad Najibullah (Pashto/Persian: دوکتور نجيب الله‎ ; born 1947, died September 27, 1996) was the fourth and last President of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
		Mohammad Najibullah was born in Kabul of an Ahmadzai Ghilzai Pashtun family.
		Mohammad Najibullah's body was removed and sent to Gardez in Paktia Province, where he was buried by his Ahmadzai tribesmen.
	karaoke.velocityincome.com /Mohammad_Najibullah (2073 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mohammad Zahir Shah succeeded to the throne and reigned from 1933 to 1973.
		In November 1986, Mohammad Najibullah, former chief of the Afghan secret police (KHAD), was elected president and a new constitution was adopted.
		Najibullah's regime, though failing to win popular support, territory, or international recognition, was able to remain in power until 1992.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Soviet_Invasion_of_Afghanistan (6163 words)

	Mohammad Najibullah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The PDPA staged asuccessful coup in 1978, but the Khalq faction of the PDPA gained supremacy, and after a brief stint as ambassador in Tehran, Najibullah was dismissed from government and went into exile in Europe.
		Najibullah tried to flee Kabul, buthis departure was blocked by Abdul Rashid Dostum.
		TheTaliban dragged Najibullah from the UN compound and hanged him from a traffic lightpost in the streets of the capital.
	www.therfcc.org /mohammad-najibullah-51267.html (277 words)

	Afghanistan AssessV4 (HTML)
		On 16 April 1992 Najibullah was forced to resign by his own ruling party, following the capture of the strategically important Bagram air-base and the nearby town of Charikar, by the Jamiat-i Islami guerrilla group under the command of the Tajik general, Ahmad Shah Masoud.
		Najibullah went into hiding in the capital, under UN protection, while one of the vice-presidents assumed the post of acting president.
		Their first act was to execute and publicly hang former President Najibullah, who, since the fall of his government in April 1992, had sought shelter in a UN compound.
	www.asylumlaw.org /docs/afghanistan/ind99b_afghanistan_ca.htm (18030 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nur Mohammad Taraki was elected president of the Revolutionary Council, prime minister of the country, and secretary general of the combined People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA).
		On May 4, 1986, Mohammad Najibullah, former head of the secret police, replaced Karmal as secretary general of the PDPA, and in November 1986 Karmal was relieved of all his government and party posts.
		Najibullah was finally ousted from power in 1992, and a coalition of rebel forces set up a fragile interim government.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/History.CivilWar.shtm (1071 words)

	Mohammad Hasan Sharq - Afghanan Dot Net
		Mohammad Hasan Sharq was an Afghan Politician, becoming Prime Minister of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
		Thus, almost 2 years after he announced the national reconciliation policy in January 1987, President Najibullah was unable to attract a single major figure of the resistance or prominent Afghan refugee to join the government.
		On Febreary 1989, Sharq resigned from the government of President Najibullah, a move underscoring the failure thus far by Afghans to establish a government of national reconciliation.
	www.afghanan.net /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=88&Itemid=69 (603 words)

	Afghanistan
		Between Feb '89 and April '92, a war was fought between the Moscow-backed Mohammad Najibullah forces and the Mujihadeen factions who once fought the Soviets.
		Karmal was replaced by Mohammad Najibullah (a former secret police chief) as secretary general of the peoples party.
		Najibullah was finally ousted from power in 1992, and a coalition of rebel forces set up a fragile interim government, which banned the sale of alcohol and pressured women to cover their heads in public and adopt traditional Muslim dress.
	www.ucc.ie /famine/Latest/afghanistan.htm (2243 words)

	UNHCR - Afghanistan: The Forgotten Crisis
		Officials and sympathizers of the Najibullah regime have fled to India, Europe, and former Soviet republics, mainly Russia, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan.
		Mohammad Daoud's coup d'état against Zahir Shah represented the first time the government in Afghanistan was overthrown not by a rural-based tribal uprising but by professional military officers.
		[38] Najibullah balanced the Pashtun and Khalqi-dominated officer corps of the army with a Presidential Guard recruited from Kabul and largely non-Pashtun militias in north Afghanistan.
	www.unhcr.org /publ/RSDCOI/3ae6a6c0c.html (13112 words)

	Afghanistan: International responsibility for human rights disaster - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		President Najibullah was prevented from leaving the country by a former army general, Abdul Rashid Dostum, and took refuge in a UN compound in Kabul.
		Mohammad Zakir, who had earlier been imprisoned by the Afghan Government for his opposition to communist rule, was also a critic of some of the Mujahideen groups.
		Mohammad Joma Acahak, a general in President Najibullah's army in the north, was taken prisoner in late 1992.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/ENGASA110091995 (16337 words)

	Afghanistan
		The uprising grew in strength over the ensuing years, and on 4 May 1986, in a desperate move, Mohammad Najibullah, former head of the secret police, replaced Karmal as secretary general of the PDPA--Karmal soon lost all his posts.
		Najibullah was finally ousted from power in 1992, and a coalition of rebel forces set up an interim government, but rival militias and guerrilla groups continued to vie for influence.
		4 May 1986, Mohammad Najibullah, former head of the secret police, replaced Karmal as secretary general of the PDPA (Karmal was relieved of all his posts in November 1986).
	novaonline.nvcc.edu /eli/evans/his135/Events/Afghanistan79.htm (1326 words)

	Air Force Magazine
		On Sept. 12, 1979, the president of Afghanistan, Nur Mohammad Taraki, was deposed and then murdered.
		Najibullah was an adept statesman, able to be moderate in his demands and in his offers of cooperation, despite his background as head of the Afghan secret service, but his regime was never considered legitimate.
		Najibullah effected the adoption of a new constitution in December 1986, and local elections were held.
	www.afa.org /magazine/dec2004/1204soviets.html (2435 words)

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Babrak Karmal
		Babrak Karmal (roughly translated "little tiger") was born into a wealthy Afghan family near Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, January 6, 1929.
		Mohammad Hussain, was a friend of the royal family, especially of Gen. Mohammad Daoud (prime minister 1953-1963; 1973-1978), cousin and brother-in-law of King Mohammad Zahir.
		Karmal's ethnic background is rather hazy, as was common among those born in or near Kabul, but most agree that he was Tajik or Qizilbash, Persian-speaking background.
	www.afghanland.com /history/karmal.html (458 words)

	Reports of rape, looting by Afghan militiamen
		He was one of the most feared enforcers of President Mohammad Najibullah, the communist leader who ruled Afghanistan after the withdrawal of Soviet troops in 1989.
		They robbed Faiz Mohammad, a man in his early 30s, after he sold the last of his cotton crops at the Balkh bazaar, he said.
		Mohammad said they also took 30 sheep from his neighbor, Nuriddin.
	www.rawa.org /dostum3.htm (964 words)

	[No title]
		The diplomat, who asked not to be identified, said Najibullah fears for the unity of the country, predicting that ethnic, political and factional differences among the guerrilla leaders will tear Afghanistan apart.
		Najibullah's luck ran out in April when several of his generals, disillusioned by the government's approval of a U.N. peace plan for the country, went over to the guerrillas.
		Najibullah is now a guest of U.N. special envoy Benon Sevan, whom many blame for worsening the revolt by pushing for a new regime that would allow former officials to share power, while secretly helping Najibullah to flee.
	www.geocities.com /asia_correspondent/afghan92najibullahwt.html (659 words)

	Index Na-Ne
		The PDPA staged a successful coup in 1978, but the Khalq ("People's") faction soon gained supremacy, and Najibullah briefly served as ambassador to Iran, but was fired for allegedly plotting the overthrow of the regime of Hafizullah Amin.
		However, Karmal was too nationalistic, while Najibullah showed total commitment to the U.S.S.R. As the guerrilla war grew in intensity, the Soviet Union pulled its troops out in 1989.
		Najibullah proved Western predictions of his regime's imminent collapse wrong and managed to hang on to power for nearly three more years, attempting to gain support by relaxing his strict control, but in 1992 he was finally forced from office by the rebels.
	www.rulers.org /indexn1.html (14769 words)

	United Nations and Afghanistan
		It also expressed concern at the severe consequences for the civilian population of indiscriminate bombardments and military operations aimed primarily at villages and the agricultural structure.
		In May 1986, Karmal was replaced as PDPA leader by Mohammad Najibullah, who subsequently became President in November 1987.
		The General Assembly, along with the Council, condemned the abduction from United Nations premises in Kabul of former President Najibullah and his brother on 26 September, and their subsequent brutal execution by the Taliban (Assembly resolution 51/108, Council statement S/PRST/1996/40).
	www.un.org /News/dh/latest/afghan/un-afghan-history.shtml (4448 words)

	US and UK Government International Intervention Since 1945: Afghanistan
		Throughout the 1980s, the karmal and then the Najibullah regimes, despite the exigencies of the war, pursued a program of modernisation and broadening of their base: bringing electricity, health clinics, a measure of land reform, literacy....trying to carry it all out with moderation and sensitivity.
		He is replaced with Dr. Sayid Mohammad Najibullah, the former head of the secret police.
		Najibullah is elected president but much of his support comes from the Soviets, and many Afghans revile him as a communist.
	www.us-uk-interventions.org /Afghanistan.html (3535 words)

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