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Zahir Shah

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Mohammad Zahir Shah
		Muhammad Zahir, last in the 226-year dynasty of Pashtun monarchs to rule Afghanistan, emerged in the fall of 2001 as a symbol of unity for his country.
		The son of King Nadir Shah of Afghanistan, Muhammad Zahir Shah was born on October 15, 1914, in the capital city of Kabul.
		Zahir Shah was gaining a reputation of being lazy and letting everything pass him by.
	www.afghanland.com /history/zahir.html (897 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Zahir Shah came to the throne at the age of 19, after the assassination of his father in November 1933, having previously served as a Cabinet minister.
		For a number of years Zahir Shah remained in the background while his uncle Shah Mahmood Khan ran the government, but he asserted his power through the constitution of 1964, which established a constitutional monarchy and prohibited royal relatives from holding public office.
		Zahir Shah undertook a number of economic-development projects, including irrigation and highway construction, backed by foreign aid, largely from the United States and the Soviet Union.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Personalities.MohammadZahirShah.shtm (243 words)

	Afghanistan timeline 1956-1960 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is believed that both Menderes and Mirza discussed at Kabul the possibility of Afghanistan's joining the Baghdad Pact, the problems of the Pathan or Pakhtu tribesmen, and their aspiration for a "Pakhtunistan" state.
		King Mohammad Zahir Shah, accompanied by Mohammad Naim, deputy premier and minister of foreign affairs (also a cousin of the king and his brother-in-law), pays a state visit to the U.S.S.R. After a few days in Moscow, the king tours the Soviet Union.
		In a joint statement Khrushchev and Mohammad Daud, the Afghan prime minister, declare that in order to establish peace in the Middle East "the application of the principle of self-determination" is the reasonable way to solve the problems of Pashtunistan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afghanistan_timeline_1956-1960 (1208 words)

	[The Harborsite] Dossier: The King of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mohammad Zahir Shah, 86, reigned from 1933 to 1973 as the last monarch of the ethnic Pashtun dynasty that lasted more than 200 years.
		Zahir Shah's most noteworthy accomplishment was the Constitution of 1964, which eschewed conservative Islamic law to establish a constitutional monarchy and universal suffrage.
		In 1963, Zahir Shah removed Daud and became his own prime minister. Zahir Shah's most noteworthy accomplishment was the Constitution of 1964, which eschewed conservative Islamic law to establish a constitutional monarchy and universal suffrage.
	grunt.space.swri.edu /pipermail/harborsite/2001-September/000038.html (797 words)

	printarticle.
		Mohammad Zahir Shah, 87, who has not seen his country since he was deposed in a 1973 coup, was due to return from exile in Italy tomorrow.
		Zahir Shah's planned homecoming was widely welcomed as part of that revival.
		Although most Afghans view Zahir Shah as a respected elder who could mediate the country's bitter tribal and ethnic rivalries and discourage power grabs by warlords, his return is not universally welcomed.
	www.theage.com.au /cgi-bin/common/printArticle.pl?path=/articles/2002/03/24/1016843088638.html (676 words)

	Zahir Shah
		Zahir Shah was nineteen at the time of his accession-still very young to assume control of so turbulent a country.
		But when a severe drought in 1971-1972 worsened economic conditions as well, Daud Khan took advantage of the absence of Zahir Shah on a trip to Europe to seize control of the government in a relatively bloodless military coup d'etat.
		Zahir Shah now lives in Rome, Italy and he is relatively in a good health.
	www.afghan-network.net /Rulers/zahir_shah.html (655 words)

	BBC News \| SOUTH ASIA \| Profile: Ex-king Zahir Shah
		Born in Kabul in 1914, Zahir Shah was educated in France and was only 19 when he ascended the throne in 1933 after his father was assassinated.
		Zahir Shah brought in foreign advisers, founded the first modern university, and fostered cultural and commercial relations with Europe.
		Zahir Shah's youngest son, Mirwais, told the Washington Post newspaper that his family wanted to see Afghanistan "have peace and for the people to decide their government in a democratic manner, with free elections".
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1573000/1573181.stm (517 words)

	On Focus: Zahir Shah Mohammad :: Afghania Portal :: Afghans Online Community! Afghan MP3 Music, Forums, Chat and more! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Zahir Shah was overthrown by his cousin Daud Khan in July of 1973 while he was on medical treatment in Italy.
		Zahir Shah and most of his family members were stripped of Afghanistan's citizenship by the communist government of Taraki.
		Although Zahir Shah is widely respected through out Afghanistan, but still people have bad memories from his family, because during Zahir Shah's rule in Afghanistan the members of royal family played a negative role in creating ethnic hatred among different ethnic groups of Afghanistan, and the corrupt role, caused many of the aftermath disasters.
	www.afghania.com /displayarticle5464.html (335 words)

	Mohammad Zahir Shah -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Zahir Shah came to the throne at the age of 19, after the assassination of his father in November 1933, having previously served as…
		A tribal assembly elected Nader Khan as shah, and the opposition was bloodily persecuted.
		Shah Jahan was the Mughal emperor of India from 1628 until 1658.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9078202?tocId=9078202 (568 words)

	My Way - News
		KABUL (Reuters) - Afghanistan's former king Mohammad Zahir Shah said Sunday that democratic reforms were taking the war-ravaged nation in the right direction despite escalating violence in the run-up to presidential elections.
		Zahir Shah ruled Afghanistan for nearly four decades before he was ousted in a bloodless coup in 1973.
		Both Zahir Shah and Karzai belong to the ethnic Pashtun group, the traditional rulers of Afghanistan.
	news.myway.com /world/article/id/73823\|world\|08-08-2004::10:28\|reuters.html (340 words)

	Afghanistan Online: Biography (Mohammad Zahir Shah)
		Mohammad Zahir, born in 1914, was the king of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973.
		Despite the fact that Mohammad Zahir was the king, his uncles (Mohammad Hashim, and Shah Mahmud) were the ones ruling the country for many years.
		In July of 1973, while he was out of the country, his cousin Daoud Khan overthrew him; Zahir Shah decided instead to live in exile (Italy) for decades instead of regaining his throne.
	www.afghan-web.com /bios/today/zahirshah.html (214 words)

	Shia News \| Asia \| Zahir Shah returns after 3 decades in exile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Zahir Shah, waving and grinning widely, shook hands with tribal leaders in traditional turbans and tunics before boarding a fl Mercedes-Benz for the ride to his newly refurbished home.
		Zahir Shah ruled Afghanistan as a modernizer for 40 years until deposed by a cousin while on holiday in Italy in 1973.
		There was little ceremony in Rome as Zahir Shah boarded the plane in a leather jacket and a brown tweed cap instead of his usual more formal attire.
	www.shianews.com /hi/asia/news_id/0001608.php (649 words)

	Afghanistan - MOHAMMAD ZAHIR SHAH, 1933-73 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Zahir Shah, Nadir Shan's son and successor, became Afghanistan's final king.
		Three of the four Musahiban brothers survived Nadir Shah's death, and went on to exercise decisive influence over decision making during Zahir Shah's first twenty years of reign.
		Shortly before the end of the war, Shah Mahmud replaced his older brother as prime minister, ushering in a period of great change in both internal and external policies.
	countrystudies.us /afghanistan/22.htm (416 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Former Afghan king said well after India treatment
		Zahir Shah was taken by special plane to India after falling ill in early February.
		Zahir was ousted in a bloodless coup in 1973 after ruling Afghanistan for 40 years.
		Though Zahir was given the title of "Father of the Nation" by U.S.-backed President Hamid Karzai, his supporters failed in a bid to restore the monarchy in a new constitution approved early this year.
	signonsandiego.com /news/world/20040311-0747-afghan-monarch-health.html (308 words)

	King Zahire of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In September 1963, then King Mohammad Zahir Shah paid a state visit to the United States where he was welcomed by President John F. Kennedy.
		At a White House State dinner that evening, King Zahir observed that the social and political aspirations of the Afghan people were akin to those which had inspired hosts of immigrants to the United States.
		Zahir Shah abdicated in August 1973 and has since lived in Italy.
	www.jfklibrary.org /pr_afghanistan.html (367 words)

	Jumbish-i-Milli
		King Shah arrived home Thursday after 29 years of exile in Italy, carrying on his frail elderly shoulders hopes for a sea change in the nation's warring politics.
		Former Afghan King Mohammad Zaher Shah, center, is escorted by interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai, left, Uzbek Gen. Rashid Dostum, second right, and Interior Ministry official Gen. Jurat, right, during the king's arrival at the airport in Kabul, Afghanistan, Thursday, April 18, 2002.
		Afghanistan's former king Mohammad Zahir Shah (C) is helped by Gen. Abdul Rashid Dostum from an Italian C-130 plane as he is followed by the head of the interim Afghan government, Hamid Karzai, upon arrival at Kabul airport April 18, 2002.
	www.angelfire.com /ny/Chapandaz (1275 words)

	USATODAY.com - Afghans look to former king to unite nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Zahir Shah took the throne in 1933 and ruled until 1973, when he was deposed by a cousin while visiting Italy.
		Zahir Shah has said he does not intend to take the throne again unless asked.
		Abdullah said Zahir Shah was too nervous to sleep on the flight and could not turn away from the window when he first saw the mountains of Afghanistan from the air.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2002/04/18/afghan-king.htm (635 words)

	Shia News \| Asia \| Zahir Shah renounces role as Loya Jirga delayed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Diplomats and officials say Afghan leaders were arguing about the role of former king Mohammad Zahir Shah in the future government, but the king said he was not a candidate for the top job and was not seeking to restore the monarchy.
		Zahir Shah, 87, who returned to his war-shattered country in April after 29 years of self-exile in Rome, is scheduled to open the Loya Jirga, which will try to form a transitional government for the next 18 months ahead of general elections.
		The controversy over the role of the aged, former king threatened to derail the carefully prepared plans for the loya jirga, which is to decide on a new form of government for this war-ravaged country and choose ministers for an interim government to rule until elections in 18 months.
	www.shianews.com /low/asia/news_id/0001649.php (397 words)

	Nimrooz Newspaper
		Afghan opposition representatives and former king Mohammad Zahir Shah, will meet in Rome for talks on the current crisis in Afghanistan and possible US military strikes against that country, a press report said Saturday.
		Zahir Shah himself can play an important roleÒ in what he called a current Òmechanism to mend the scarred unity in Afghanistan.Ó But the opposition official also underlined that Zahir Shah could not Òcreate unityÒ on his own.
		AfghanistanÔs monarchy was ousted by a Soviet-backed coup in 1973, and king Zahir Shah, now in his late 80s, has lived in exile in Rome ever since.
	www.nimrooz.com /html/655/5871.htm (412 words)

	NZOOM - ONE News - World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Afghanistan's former king Mohammad Zahir Shah will return home after a 29 year exile in Italy this week hoping to help rebuild his war-scarred country and bring unity under the interim government.
		Zahir Shah has vowed to end his exile despite the risks.
		Zahir Shah is scheduled to inaugurate a Loya Jirga (Traditional Assembly) in June to elect a new transitional government after the end of Karzai's six-month term.
	onenews.nzoom.com /onenews_detail/0,1227,93866-1-9,00.html (265 words)

	usnews.com: In the Afghan badlands, add drugs to a devil’s brew (10/5/01)
		King Mohammad Zahir Shah, Afghanistan’s last monarch, is likely to play a principal role in organizing a new Afghan government should the U.S. coalition or internal forces topple the militant Taliban government.
		The 86-year-old Zahir Shah, seen as a unifying figure by some anti-Talbian forces, ruled Afghanistan for decades before he was deposed in 1973.
		According to the former number 2 official in the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Zahir Shah’s inner circle was heavily involved in drug trafficking during the early 1970s, even using his plane to smuggle hashish to Italy.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/news/terror/011005.htm (709 words)

	content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mohammad Zahir Shah was the last monarch of the ethnic Pashtun dynasty, which lasted 200 years.
		Zahir Shah has said he is "ready willing and able" to return to Afghanistan and lead an interim government.
		He was crowned in 1933 after his father, Mohammad Nadir Shah, was assassinated.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/interactive/key.players/shah.html (79 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - World
		Zahir Shah (87), stepped off an Italian military plane followed by interim Cabinet Chairman Hamid Karzai and was greeted by senior tribal elders and ministers at Kabul’s bomb-scarred international airport.
		Hours before he left Rome Zahir Shah told CNN in an interview that the last few years of his life, he would like to dedicate that to the people of Afghanistan and to his country.
		Zahir Shah’s only official duty now is to open a Loya Jirga, or grand council, in June to chart a new future for Afghanistan.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2002/20020419/world.htm (2853 words)

	village voice > news > Afghanistan's Sentimental King by Camelia E. Fard
		November 15th, 2001 3:00 PM Mohammad Zahir Shah, 86, has spent nearly the past three decades in exile in Italy.
		Yesterday, the Northern Alliance told CNN Zahir was welcome to return—but as for as Zahir's role in government, one negotiator said, "Don't place any bets yet." The former ruler, for his part, told CNN he would travel to his home country as soon as possible.
		Zahir: They were difficult years for me, even though life was generally rather serene here.
	www.villagevoice.com /issues/0146/fard.php (1308 words)

	GN Online: Taliban say plan to install king will fail
		Zahid was commenting on the agreement reached between former King Zahir Shah and the Northern Alliance – battling to oust the Taliban – on calling a grand council, or Loya Jirga, to decide the fate of the country, ravaged by 20 years of war.
		Ex-king Mohammad Zahir Shah struck a deal on Monday in Rome with the Northern Alliance, designed to oust the Taliban and establish a moderate government in Kabul although the king himself is seen more as a unifying force than a key player.
		Supporters of 86-year old former king Mohammad Zahir Shah, who has lived in Italy in exile since 1973, said the Taliban would not be barred from the assembly but made it clear they expected the hardline Afghan regime would soon be ousted.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/print.asp?ArticleID=28017 (358 words)

	The Once and Future King? Mohammad Zahir Shah, October 5, 2001
		Mohammad Zahir Shah was born on October 15, 1914 (some sources say October 20), in Kabul, son of King Mohammad Nadir Shah.
		In November 1933, when Zahir Shah was only 19 years old, his father was assassinated.
		After the overthrow of the Shah in 1979, there were reports of a Saudi stipend to maintain his lifestyle.
	www.theestimate.com /public/100501_profile2.html (602 words)

	CNN.com - Karzai brings back Afghan ex-king - April 16, 2002
		Shah, who was deposed in 1973, will leave Italy to head a "Loya Jirga" or grand assembly for an 18-month period.
		Shah said he wanted to spend the remaining years of his life in his own county and at the service of his people.
		The king was deposed while on a trip to Italy when his brother-in-law, Mohammad Daud Khan, proclaimed Afghanistan a republic and himself president.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/europe/04/16/gen.afghan.king (313 words)

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