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	Mohammad Mossadeq, the Nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the Attempted Overthrow of the Shah
		Mohammed Mossadeq was a member of ruling elite of Tehran and Mossadeq had distinguished career in public office long before he rose to prominence in the period of World War II.
		Mohammed Mossadeq gained the chairmanship of the committee of the Majlis that dealt with government-company agreements.
		Mossadeq was tried and convicted of treason and sentenced to three years in prison and house arrest for the rest of his life.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/mossadeq.htm (966 words)

	Counterbias: The Tragedy of Iran
		Mohammed Mossadeq was born on May 19, 1882, the son of a Qajar princess and an Iranian finance minister.
		From exile, Khomeini coordinated the demonstrations and opposition to the Shah and on January 16, 1979 the Shah fled Iran.
		Mohammed Mossadeq is surely one of the great tragic figures of history.
	www.counterbias.com /632.html (2520 words)

	Robert Fisk: Another Fine Mess
		But Mossadeq did have one thing in common with the Iraqi dictator: he was the victim of a long campaign of personal abuse by his international opponents.
		When Woodhouse took up his job at the embassy, the plot to overthrow Mossadeq and give the oil fields back to the AIOC was in the hands of a British diplomat called Robin Zaehner, later a professor of Eastern religions at Oxford.
		Mossadeq rejected the last proposals for a settlement by the AIOC and threatened the Shah - who had already left Iran.
	www.informationclearinghouse.info /article4588.htm (1717 words)

	Sobaka :: Iran Contra: Iranian Beginnings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nevertheless, Mossadeq ordered troops return to barracks at 10 AM on the 17th, and then read off a list of names of people he suspected were involved in the coup.
		Mossadeq was on the run as the crowds moved through the city towards his house.
		Mossadeq remained under house arrest until his death in 1967, and Foreign Minister Fatemi was executed for his role in opposing the coup.
	www.diacritica.com /sobaka/2003/iciran.html (3111 words)

	Mohammed Mossadegh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The choice had fallen on Zahedi, whom in the months before, Roosevelt and Wilbur had identified as perfectly suitable to carry out the dirty work, during and following the coup.
		Fazlollah Zahedi was to prove that they had betted on the right horse, afterall he had fallen out with Mossadeq and resigned from his post as minister of the interior, as well as having been briefly detained already on suspicions of planning a coup of his own, by Mossadegh's orders in February of 1953.
		Fearing imminent re-arrest, Zahedi went into hiding, with another affair, the torture death of Tehran's chief of Police, General Afshartus being blamed on him by the authorities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mohammed_Mossadeq (1943 words)

	News -- Kinzer Discusses Roots of Terror
		Mossadeq had enraged the British by nationalizing the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the British convinced their American counterparts to join the operation claiming that Mossadeq had Communist tendencies.
		“[Mossadeq] was and remains the most admired politician in Iran not only by the old generation, but even today by the new generation,” Amini said.
		Mossadeq, however, plays a complicated role for the Islamic government — his status as a nationalist figure is undeniable, but his record of being a democratic and secular leader is contradictory to the current regime.
	www.thehoya.com /news/091603/news8.cfm (651 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - The oily business of regime change
		The deposed premier, 71-year old Mohammed Mossadeq, and his cohorts were either in hiding or had been captured.
		He says, "By the end of 1952, it had become clear that the Mossadeq government in Iran was incapable of reaching an oil settlement with interested western countries." Mossadeq was an impassioned speaker and popular politician who had long argued against the British domination of Iranian oil.
		Mossadeq wanted a fifty-fifty sharing arrangement with the British, which was becoming the industry standard, but they refused.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/ntm32630.htm (1112 words)

	Jonathan Manthorpe, The roots of radical Islam
		Mossadeq was actually a thoroughly European man who trained as a lawyer in Paris and practised in Switzerland for much of his career.
		Mossadeq didn't collapse, but he became increasingly desperate as the country's major source of revenue dried up.
		But Mossadeq was warned and when soldiers appeared at his home to arrest him they were themselves detained.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/27b/067.html (2023 words)

	A Persian Tragedy: Mossadeq's Fight for National Sovereignty
		The exception to the rule was Mohammad Mossadeq, who, because of his fine understanding of the British, shaped by an in-depth study of history, succeeded in the fight for national independence, through the nationalization of the country's oil industry and the expulsion of the British from the land.
		Mossadeq was right: During the Summer, the British slapped sanctions on Iran, confiscated Iranian assets, sabotaged the Abadan refinery, and blocked Iran's trade with European nations.
		Mossadeq, though plagued by serious illness for most of his life, never capitulated, and was ready to die for his cause.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/2005/3243_mossadeq.html (11701 words)

	The Subversion of Undesirable Governments excerpted from the book Intervention and Revolution The United States in the ...
		The intervention in Iran in r953 to unseat Premier Mohammed Mossadeq was America's first successful attempt in the postwar period to subvert a nationalist government.
		Mossadeq had come to power as the head of the National Front, a nationalist coalition that had been energized chiefly by the oil issue.
		Exactly five weeks later, Mossadeq having rejected this offer, Kermit Roosevelt, a grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt, formerly a history professor and OSS agent and at the time ClA's principal covert operative in the Middle East, arrived in Iran to direct a coup against Mossadeq.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Insurgency_Revolution/Subversion_IAR.html (8725 words)

	(10/26/2001) Why They Hate Us, Part II
		Mossadeq was pro-American, and thought it vital for the U.S. to have a role in reshaping Iran into a democratic and independent nation.
		The Mossadeq supporters and the Mossadeq protesters were exactly the same people, all hired by CIA agent Kermit Roosevelt.
		Current president Mohammed Khatami was reelected in June with 77 percent of the vote, which was interpreted as a rebuke of the mullah's absolute control because Khatami promised "Islamic democracy" with greater social, media and political freedoms.
	www.monitor.net /monitor/0110a/islamwest2.html (3087 words)

	George W
		The flashpoint was Mossadeq’s nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, which was 51% British-owned and which extracted and sold Iranian oil at 84% of profits compared to the 16% that went to the Iranians.
		In describing Mossadeq, the “communist danger,” and the threat of a Soviet takeover, Kermit Roosevelt says in his memoir: “The British motivation was simply to recover the AOIC oil concession.
		Eisenhower said Mossadeq was “the only hope for the West in Iran.” “I would like to give the guy ten million bucks,” Ike once said to British Ambassador Anthony Eden, who was attempting to broach the subject of the proposed coup.
	www.blogstudio.com /Polis/presidentGeorgeW2.htm (2655 words)

	[No title]
		The brutal dictator was deposed, and without a popular democratic figure like Mohammed Mossadeq to rally around, on February 1, 1979, a cheering crowd of more than one million people welcomed Khomeini home to Iran.
		Dr. Mohammed Mossadeq is surely one of the great tragic figures of history.
		Passionate in his goals of fair play for all, only to be removed by a foreign power that ironically longs for someone like him now to take the place of the ruling parties in Iran.
	www.crisispapers.org /guests/hucul.htm (2543 words)

	Crude - Chapter Twenty-One
		Darius knew that the Shah was not abdicating or even surrendering power to Mossadeq, he was merely leaving for an indefinite period.
		In the meantime, Mossadeq would find out how difficult it was to keep rule Iran without one of the critical supports that kept the vast country stable.
		He also knew Mossadeq would reject the Firman, as he did the Shah's past Firmans, as a western plot which ironically it was and he would arrest the messenger.
	www.edwardjayepstein.com /crude/chap21_print.htm (1674 words)

	"What a wonderful...pack of lies" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The clip of the tired old man stumbling about would lead one to think that Mossadeq was unfairly targeted and subsequently bullied but in reality this very beginning panel is a gross misstatement of fact, and a blatant attempt at what can only be described as revisionist history.
		What Moore fails to mention in his two sentence summary is that Mohammed Mossadeq was a power-hungry wannabe socialist dictator who had come to power through dubious means.
		Once back in power, Mossadeq openly declared himself to be a communist and moved to implement a series of foolish nationalization schemes that threw out western investment and badly crippled Iran's economy, creating tripple-digit inflation.
	www.slimindustries.com /~bowling/bowlingforcolumbine/montage.htm (3571 words)

	Asia Times
		The aspirations of Iranians for democracy reached the level of culmination in the early 1950s in the wake of the popularly elected Iranian Prime Minister, Mohammed Mossadeq, whose bona-fide aim was the establishment of a pluralist and well-functioning democracy to address the needs of all Iranians.
		Mossadeq was deposed by a stratagem orchestrated by the British and Americans, who objected to his contentious nationalization of the Iranian petroleum industry.
		Mossadeq's deposition and the resurgence of the monarchy marked the end of the fleeting mid-century experiment with democracy in Iran.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/DL24Ak02.html (1097 words)

	History of Iran: Lifting the Veil; Life in Revolutionary Iran
		Faced with a powerful constitutional threat from his prime minister and political enemy, Dr Mohammed Mossadeq, the Shah briefly lost his nerve and fled the country when the soldiers sent to arrest his prime minister were overpowered and captured.
		Mossadeq had certainly received support from the Communist Tudeh Party, among other groups, but he was a nationalist in the tradition of the 1906 constitutional campaign.
		Dr Mossadeq had studied law at the Ecole des Sciences in Paris and obtained his doctorate in Switzerland, where he was called to the Bar and practised for many years.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/articles/lifting_veil_life_revolutionary_iran.php (11150 words)

	History of Iran
		In 1951, Premier Mohammed Mossadeq, a militant nationalist, forced the parliament to nationalize the British-owned oil industry.
		Mossadeq was opposed by the Shah and was removed, but he quickly returned to power.
		Mossadeq was then arrested by pro-Shah army forces.
	www.historyofnations.net /asia/iran.html (835 words)

	WWS 401: The Problem of Caspian Energy
		Mossadeq posed a threat to what the West saw as the status quo in Iran by overpowering the weak Shah to advocate the nationalization of the oil industry and the reduction of the role of Western powers in Iran.
		Mossadeq had stood for pursuing Iranian interests at the expense of the West, a position that simultaneously incensed the US and rallied Iranian nationalists.
		The moderate candidate in the May 1997 election, Mohammed Khatami, was elected President of the Islamic Republic of Iran in an unexpected landslide victory in which he won 70% of the vote.
	www.wws.princeton.edu /wws401c/1998/blair.html (7386 words)

	The Truth Seeker - Another Fine Mess (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		"Regime change" hadn't attracted President Truman, but when Eisenhower arrived at the White House in 1953, the overthrow of Mohammed Mossadeq's democratically elected government was concocted by the CIA with the help of Woodhouse, an urbane Greek scholar and ex- guerrilla fighter and Britain's top spy in Tehran.
		They talked about his "yellow" face, of how his nose was always running, and the French writer Gerard de Villiers described Mossadeq as "a pint-sized trouble-maker" with the "agility of a goat".
		He issued a "firman" dismissing Mossadeq as prime minister and, when Mossadeq refused to obey, the mobs that Roosevelt and Woodhouse had organised duly took to the streets of Tehran.
	www.thetruthseeker.co.uk /article.asp?ID=1049 (2561 words)

	Reza Shah Pahlevi
		Desperate to relieve his country of the Soviet occupation, Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlevi (the shah) appealed to the United Nations for assistance.
		Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlevi was brought back one day after he left Iran.
		There are a number of books detailing the life of Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlevi and accounts of the Iranian experience during his rule.
	novaonline.nvcc.edu /eli/evans/his135/events/shah80.htm (1469 words)

	The state of Iran under the Pahlavi regime, has been considered as an
		While it is true that Iran was not directly engaged in significant regional or world conflicts during the period from 1921–1979, ‘stability’ is hardly the appropriate term to characterize Iranian domestic politics of that period.
		The power of the Prime Minister and the Parliament was reinstated and continued to grow until the Shah was nearly ousted and replaced irrevocably by nationalist Prime Minister, Mohammed Mossadeq.
		However, in 1953, Mossadeq was overthrown with the aid of the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
	home.sandiego.edu /~lshifteh/PahlaviNOBabaii.htm (3057 words)

	ABC News: 'Regime Change' Not New for U.S.
		Iran, 1953 —; U.S. manipulation helped lay the groundwork for the overthrow of elected Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq, historians say, though the CIA claims documents related to the operation were subsequently destroyed.
		Mossadeq had incurred the wrath of Britain by nationalizing the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, and U.S. President Eisenhower reportedly feared Iran was unstable and its oil might fall under the Soviet Union's sphere of influence.
		In Mossadeq's place, the pro-American Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi installed a puppet prime minister, reasserted his power and effectively ruled for decades.
	abcnews.go.com /International/story?id=79067 (1202 words)

	War In Afghanistan
		Imagine if the Western-educated Mossadeq, a charismatic leader who was massively backed in Iran by a burgeoning middle class, had been allowed to peacefully lead his country to become the first truly Muslim democracy in the Middle East.
		Had the coup never taken place, Iran probably would have gone on to build a sturdy, inclusive democracy that would have brought about a far more durable stability than what the shah--forever tainted in the eyes of his people as a weak, easily manipulated Western puppet--ever managed to deliver.
		Indeed, the shah saw in the conservative ayatollahs the perfect partners against the radicalism of the left and the liberalism of the middle class.
	www.zmag.org /bouzidlat.htm (725 words)

	Overthrow of Premier Mossadeq of Iran ( CIA secret report ), Apparent Failure
		During the afternoon the station was at work preparing a public statement from General Zahedi which was prepared with the direct advice of Ardeshir Zahedi, the Rashidian brothers, and Colonel [Farzanegan.] When it was ready the agents were unable to find a press in town which was not watched by the government.
		Mohammed Jehandari 1st Lieutenant Rauhani Dr. Mozaffar Baqai] Rumors circulated to the effect that the arrested officers were to be hanged on 20 August, and throughout the unit commands of the Tehran garrison, the police, and the gendarmerie, officers met to discuss the situation.
		On behalf of the government, Henderson was welcomed by Dr. Gholam Hosein Mossadeq, son of the Prime Minister, and by Dr. Alemi, Minister of Labor.
	www.iranonline.com /NewsRoom/Archive/Mossadeq/APPARENT-FAILURE.html (4073 words)

	The First Post : How we overthrew Iran’s democracy
		The coup, devised by MI6, showed that a liberal nationalist leader like Mossadeq (right) was too gentle to survive against local opponents backed by Washington or London.
		Mossadeq, born in 1882, was a cultured, well-educated and principled aristocrat, opposed to British imperial influence and in favour of the nationalisation of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC).
		One of the reasons why this generally estimable man has been so swiftly forgotten in the West is that he was so successfully demonised by the Western media at the time.
	www.thefirstpost.co.uk /index.php?menuID=2&subID=230&WT.mc_n=Iran3 (283 words)

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